【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错十大考点逐一破解学案（31页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错十大考点逐一破解学案（31页）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文改错十大考点逐一破解 考点破解一：名词的数与格的误用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.‎ ‎4.(2012新课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.‎ ‎5.(2011新课标卷) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.‎ ‎6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.‎ ‎7.(2015新课标卷II) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing.‎ ‎8.(2014新课标卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.‎ ‎9.(2013新课标卷II) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.‎ 思路点拨 解答这类题主要有6条依据：‎ ‎1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。‎ 可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出错的不可数名词。‎ ‎2.依据名词前的修饰语。‎ 如名词前有these, those, ten等修饰时，应当用复数。如［真题再练］2，these year就错了，要用these years才正确。‎ ‎3.依据主谓一致原则。‎ 如果谓语动词是复数，主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主语也应是单数。如［真题再练］1，谓语是is getting，而主语是airs，可知这里一定有问题。‎ ‎4.依据上下文信息。‎ 如［真题再练］7，Tony went toa shopping center with his ‎ parent，汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲，还是同他父母一起去商场？下文his parents were missing告诉我们，是同父母一起去的，故parent应用复数。‎ ‎5.依据生活常识。‎ 如［真题再练］3，一个人的肩膀是有左有右的，应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无法正确指出with broad shoulder这一错误。‎ ‎6.依据逻辑意义。‎ 如［真题再练］6，“当我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。‎ 考点归纳 名词是短文改错的必考点，5年8套题中无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”，具体有3点：‎ ‎1.不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。‎ 如［真题再练］第1题和第5题。要牢记常见的不可数名词，如：fun, advice,information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money等。‎ ‎2.可数名词该用复数时，文中却用了单数。‎ 如［真题再练］第2、3、4、7、8、9题。显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, oneof, 或大于1的数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词但根据语境其意义大于1时，一定要用复数形式。‎ ‎3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文中却没用。‎ 如［真题再练］第6题。注意，以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略：a butcher’s(shop)肉铺，a tailor’s(shop)裁缝店，a barber’s(shop)理发店，a doctor’s(office)诊所，my sister’s(home)我姐姐家，其中shop,office, home等表示处所的词都可以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。‎ 考点破解二：代词的误用与漏用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to doso, we’ll live to regret it.‎ ‎2.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others…‎ ‎3.(2012新课标卷) I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, Igot angry and broke it.‎ ‎4.(2012新课标卷) For a while, parents bought me new toys.‎ ‎5.(2015新课标卷II) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.‎ 思路点拨 解答这类题需注意两点：‎ ‎1. 弄清指代对象。‎ 凡是核查代词是否有错，关键是核查该代词的指代对象，即到底是指代谁或什么，弄清指代的对象是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。‎ ‎2. 留意三无名词。‎ 即要特别留意前面无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词的名词。遇到三无名词，要自问：是泛指吗？如果不是泛指，具体又是谁的呢？如［真题再练］第4题，“父母给我买了新玩具”，是泛指天下所有的父母？不是！是谁的父母给我买玩具？我的父母！故parents前应加上my。 ‎ 考点归纳 代词是短文改错的常考点，5年8套题中考了5次。主要从5个方面考查代词。‎ ‎1. 前后人称不一致。如［真题再练］1，your与前后的we不一致。‎ ‎2. 前后单复数不一致。如［真题再练］3，it与指代对象the toys在单复数上不一致。‎ ‎3. 前后的性别不一致。如前后谈的是一个女人，却冒出he或his来，反之亦然。‎ ‎4. 物主代词的漏用。如［真题再练］4、5题。‎ ‎5. this, that, it的区别；anything与everything的区别。‎ 考点破解三：冠词的混用、多用与少用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. ‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) As result, the plants are growing everywhere.‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came overto play or do homework with me.‎ ‎4.(2011新课标卷) I was going to visit a friend there, and after that, I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.‎ ‎5.(2015新课标卷II)  He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop… A woman saw him crying and told him to wait out side a shop.‎ ‎6.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school looks like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.‎ ‎7.(2013新课标卷II) This custom soon became another meal of day.‎ 思路点拨 ‎1.留意三无名词。‎ 遇到无冠词、无形容词性物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词要注意，若根据语境不是将其变为复数，就一定是在前面加冠词。如［真题再练］4、7。‎ ‎2.留意固定词组。‎ 固定词组常积累，就成火眼金睛，一看便知错。如［真题再练］1、2、3。‎ ‎3.考究是否用错。‎ 要根据冠词的基本用法，如定冠词表示特指，一般来说不是特指不用定冠词；不定冠词表泛指，常可译作“一个/本/支”等，意义不通，可能有错。如［真题再练］6。冠词的基本用法可参见语法填空部分。‎ 考点归纳 冠词在5年8套题中考了7次，可算作必考点。主要从以下3个方面考查冠词：‎ ‎1. 混用。‎ 即a, an与the的混用。如［真题再练］5。‎ ‎2. 多用。‎ 如［真题再练］第3、6题。考查的内容是“零冠词”，即不用冠词的情况：‎ ‎(1)专有名词前，如Tom, China等。‎ ‎(2)学科名词前，如I like physics。‎ ‎(3)球类运动名词前，如play football等。‎ ‎(4)三餐名词前，如have breakfast等。‎ ‎(5)唯一职位名词前，如chairman, president等。‎ ‎(6)名词前已有物主代词或不定代词时，如my teacher, some students等。‎ ‎(7)抽象名词和物质名词等不可数名词表示泛指时，如I’m fond of music.‎ ‎(8)可数名词的复数形式表示泛指或指一类事物时，如［真题再练］6。‎ ‎(9)不用冠词的固定词组，如［真题再练］3。‎ ‎3. 少用。‎ 这是考查的重点，8套题中考了4次。如［真题再练］第1、2、4、7题。要特别留意含有冠词的固定词组。如［真题再练］第1、2题。‎ 考点破解四：介词误用、多用与少用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sisterand I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black towards gray over the years.‎ ‎4.(2012新课标卷) When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said,“That’s it. No more toys to you.”‎ ‎5.(2011新课标卷) Luckily, I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on.‎ ‎6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.‎ ‎7.(2015新课标卷II) Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it very much.‎ ‎8.(2014新课标卷II) Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.‎ ‎9.(2014新课标卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.‎ ‎10.(2013新课标卷II) The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.‎ ‎11.(2013新课标卷II) Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.‎ 思路点拨 因介词是短文改错的必考点，且可能不止考1题，所以凡遇到介词，要高度警惕。‎ ‎1. 意义通不通？‎ 一遇到介词，就从介词的基本意义出发，看句意通不通或是否符合常识。如［真题再练］5，“幸运的是，我所有的钱都在我口袋的表面上”，显然不合常识。‎ ‎2. 搭配对不对？‎ 一遇到介词，就要瞻前顾后，看它是否符合搭配习惯。如［真题再练］3，遇到toward，是否正确？看看前面，有turn，可想到turn…into，或由from想到from…to。‎ ‎3. 念念顺不顺？‎ 如果平时有大声朗读的习惯，并留意了固定搭配，考场中只需默默念一念，就可感觉出有没有错误。如你听熟或读顺了listen to me, read a book，当你念到listen music, read of a book时就觉得不顺了，肯定是错的。这种方法特别适合辨识不及物动词后漏掉介词或及物动词后又增加介词的错误。 ‎ 考点归纳 介词是改错题中必考考点，且5年8套题中考了11道，是重点考查内容，我们必须高度重视。从高考真题来看，考查内容有以下特征：‎ ‎1. 常见的介词。‎ 如in, of, for, with, to, into等。‎ ‎2. 基本的用法。‎ 如in表示“在……里”，on表示“在……的表面上”，for引导接受某物的对象，等等。但也有个别题相对较难，如time for after-school activities(做课外活动的时间)。‎ ‎3. 固定的词组。‎ 在这11道题中，有6道考查固定词组，超过一半。因此，含介词的固定词组我们就不得不重视了。要收集，要熟读，读得朗朗上口。‎ 考点破解五：连词误用、多用与少用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) In the countryside, the air is clean or the mountains are green.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.‎ ‎4.(2013新课标卷I) In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.‎ ‎5.(2012新课标卷) But before long, they began to see which was happening.‎ ‎6.(2011新课标卷) I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor, and then I realized that someone had stolen it.‎ ‎7.(2015新课标卷II) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ ‎8.(2013新课标卷II) Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.‎ 思路点拨 ‎1. 句间无连词，增加连词。‎ 凡是两个句子之间没有句号、分号，又没有连词时，一定是漏掉连词了，要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系，增加一个恰当的连词。‎ ‎2. 句间多连词，删除连词。‎ 虽然同一句子中的两个主谓关系之间一定有连词，但又不能多，只需一个，多了就错了。特别是受汉语的影响，易将although /though…but(虽然……但是……), because/since /as…so (因为……所以……)连用，遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so, 以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。‎ ‎3. 遇到连词要考究是否用错。‎ 如or (表选择), and (表顺承), but (表转折)之间是否用错，要根据句意的理解、前后的逻辑关系去判断。‎ 考点归纳 除2013年卷I考了2道题，2014年卷II没有考查连词外，每年有1道题考查连词。在最近5年8套题中考了8道题，已考的具体考点有：‎ ‎1. 并列连词的误用 ‎(1)or与and混用。如［真题再练］1。‎ ‎(2)but与and混用。如［真题再练］6。‎ ‎(3)but与although连用。如［真题再练］2。‎ ‎(4)并列连词漏用。如［真题再练］3。‎ ‎2. 从句的引导词的误用 ‎(1)误用从句连词。如［真题再练］5、7。‎ ‎(2)误用that来引导非限制性定语从句。如［真题再练］8。‎ ‎(3)介词误作连词用。如［真题再练］4，during误作when。易混的还有表示“随着”的介词with与连词when；表示“在……期间”的介词during与连词while。介词一般是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，而连词才可以连接句子。‎ 考生备考时，以下3点仍需注意：‎ ‎1. that的用法。‎ ‎(1)引导名词性从句时没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，因此引导宾语从句时常被省略。‎ ‎(2)引导定语从句，如果不是直接在介词后，一般可以替代which或who，但不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎2. what的用法。‎ 是连接代词，引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语或宾语，除表示“什么”外，还有“所……的(the thing that)”之类的意思。‎ ‎3. 牢记平行结构。‎ 请翻译下列连词：‎ ‎(1)或者……或者……‎ ‎(2)既不……也不……‎ ‎(3)不但……而且……‎ ‎(4)不是……而是……‎ ‎(5)不论……还是……‎ 此外，no sooner…than, hardly…when中than与when不要用错，有比较级sooner，才用than。‎ 考点破解六：谓语动词的错误 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes toself-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing … The fruits are small…‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) I was only four when she passes away.‎ ‎4.(2012新课标卷) When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said,“That’s it. No more toys for you.”‎ ‎5.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.‎ ‎6.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework.‎ ‎7.(2013新课标卷II) This custom soon becomes another meal of the day. Interestingly,it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.‎ ‎8.(2015新课标卷II) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.‎ ‎9.(2014新课标卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.‎ ‎10.(2015新课标卷I) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.‎ ‎11.(2015新课标卷II) Tony was scared and begun to cry.‎ ‎12.(2013新课标卷II) Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.‎ ‎13.(2011新课标卷) Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.‎ ‎14.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school look like a big garden.‎ ‎15.(2015新课标卷I) We must found ways to protect the environment.‎ ‎16.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last.‎ ‎ 思路点拨 从［真题再练］来看，5年8套题有16道是谓语动词的错，平均每套2道题，可见谓语动词在短文改错中是错得最多的，是最重要的考点。短文一般含8到10句话，对每句话的谓语一定都要仔细研究。可按以下线索去思考：‎ ‎1. 查时态是否一致。‎ 遇到某个谓语动词的时态与上下文的时态不一致时，十有八九是出错了，需仔细审查。如［真题再练］1，前面两个动词was,hoped和后面的would都是过去式，而think却用一般现在时，不一致，就很可能错了，需重点核实。‎ ‎2. 查语态是否正确。‎ 当主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时，即谓语与主语在逻辑上有动宾关系时，要用被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。［真题再练］10、11、12题即考查语态。‎ ‎(1)查该用主动还是被动。如果是主动语态，句中有行为动词时，不能再用be。如［真题再练］10，“研究”与“表明”是主动关系，已有行为动词show了，就不能再用be，故删除been。‎ ‎(2)如果要用被动语态，看是否漏掉be；同时注意be的时态是否正确，主谓是否一致，过去分词拼写是否正确(常误写成过去式或原形)。如［真题再练］12，就是过去分词的拼写错误。‎ ‎3. 查并列动词的形式是否一致。‎ 在A and /or B或A, B and C这类结构中，A, B, C的形式应一致，关键是要找准谁跟谁并列，不要找错对象，尤其当句子有谓语动词又有非谓语动词时更应注意。如［真题再练］8、9。‎ ‎4. 查主谓是否一致。‎ 有时虽然前后时态是一致的，但主谓不一致。如［真题再练］13，主语clothes是复数，谓语动词却用单数was；［真题再练］14，主语My dream school是第三人称单数，谓语动词look却用复数(原形)。‎ ‎5. 查情态动词是否用错。‎ 若有情态动词，首先根据语境体会句子所表达的语气与情态，判断是否用错了情态动词。如［真题再练］16，“我明白了，有了耐心，我就一定让我的玩具用得更久”，玩具是否用得久，还受本身的质量或其他因素的影响，用“一定(must)”语气太强了，改用“可能(could)”更好。‎ 另外，我们知道，情态动词有三大特征：‎ ‎(1)后面一定要接动词原形，并与之一起构成谓语。‎ ‎(2)没有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎(3)其疑问式或否定式不借助于do。‎ 因此，我们还要考虑作者是否因不懂情态动词的基本用法而用错了。如［真题再练］15，must后接found，这就错了，应改为原形find。‎ 考点归纳 谓语动词的错误不但每年必考，而且考得最多，每套题中平均有两处错。到目前为止，仅考查了以下8点：‎ ‎1. 前后谓语动词的时态不一致。‎ ‎2. 主动语态中已有行为动词时却多用了be。‎ ‎3. 被动语态中或者完成时态中，过去分词拼写错。‎ 如：‎ A little girl was hurted and her motherneeded help. (2009大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ ‎“小女孩被弄伤”，用被动语态是对的，但hurt的过去式、过去分词与原形是相同的，即hurt—hurt—hurt，故hurted错了，应改为hurt。‎ Since then we haven’t see each other much.But we’ve kept writing to each other. (2007新课标卷)‎ 解析：‎ 由since then(自那时起到现在)可知，用现在完成时是正确的，但现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成，故see错了，要改为seen。‎ ‎4. 并列谓语的时态形式应该一致却没有一致。‎ ‎5. 主语与谓语在人称和数方面应该一致却没有一致。‎ ‎6. 情态动词后本应接动词原形却接了过去式，或者根本没有动词。‎ 如：‎ So real friendship should able to stand allsorts of tests. (2014大纲卷)‎ 解析：‎ should是情态动词，后面一定要跟动词原形，而able是形容词，故应加be，构成be able to(能够)。‎ ‎7. 虚拟语气。‎ 如：‎ My father was so pleased that he suggestedI went to England for a holiday. (2008大纲卷I)‎ 解析：‎ 因表示“提议，建议”的suggest后的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“(should +) do”，所以went要改为go。‎ ‎8. 命题人有时也会利用某些动词的过去式与过去分词拼写相同，将一般过去时故意误写成现在完成时，要求考生删除have或has。‎ 如：‎ Li Ming came to see me every day. Then hisfather has changed jobs and they moved to another city. (2007新课标卷)‎ 解析：‎ 由后面的并列句中的moved可知，change也用一般过去时，故删除changed前的has。‎ 提醒： 时态只需注意前后一致，且只需注意现在时与过去时就行了。如［真题再练］2，根据Since then(从那时起到现在)，或由下文are growing, are small可知，应当用现在时，而had是过去时，应改为have即可。不必按现在完成进行时、现在进行时、一般现在时这样去理解 考点破解七：非谓语动词的错误 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.‎ ‎2.(2011新课标卷) I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.‎ ‎3.(2015新课标卷II) After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing.‎ ‎4.(2013新课标卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.‎ 思路点拨 ‎1. 当句中已有谓语动词时，后面又出现动词，且该动词前没有并列连词时，该动词应是非谓语动词。‎ ‎2. 作主语或宾语用动词-ing形式或不定式(具体某次)，如［真题再练］4；在介词后作宾语要用动词-ing形式，如［真题再练］3。‎ ‎3. 根据分词的逻辑主语与分词是主动关系还是被动关系，判断分词是否用错。如［真题再练］2。‎ 又如：‎ It will be lots of fun practising out in the playground in the afternoon with the trees around us all red and yellow and everybody laughed and shouting. (2007大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ 在and everybody laughed and shouting中，因everybody与laugh是主动关系，要用动词-ing形式作宾补，故改laughed为laughing。‎ ‎4. 用固定搭配去判断是否有错。‎ 如had better do sth., agree to do sth., help do sth., would like to dosth., help sb. do sth., make /let /have sb. do sth. (使某人做某事)；see /hear sb. do sth.(看到/听到某人做某事)；see /hear sb.doing sth. (看到/听到某人正在做某事)等。如［真题再练］1。‎ 考点归纳 ‎1.作主语或作介词宾语，该用动词-ing形式时却用了原形。尤其注意分清to是介词还是不定式符号。一定要熟记look forward to, be used to, be devoted to, get accustomed to等常用的to是介词的短语。‎ 如：‎ He isn’t good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013大纲卷)‎ 解析：‎ talk在介词at后作宾语，应当用动词-ing形式，故改talk为talking。‎ ‎2.作定语、状语或补语时，非谓语动词形式用错。‎ 如：‎ Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing…(2012大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ 水“被用”, 用过去分词作后置定语，故改using为used。‎ ‎3.在make sb. do sth., ask sb. to do sth., help sb. do sth.等固定结构中，多用to，少用to，或to后接动词的-ing形式。‎ 如：‎ My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days. (2011大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ 由beg sb. to do sth. (恳求某人做某事)可知，要将staying改为stay。‎ ‎4. 只能接不定式或只能接动词ing形式作宾语的固定搭配。‎ 如：‎ Last year, she decided study abroad. Inother words, we would be separated for a long time. (2010大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ 由decide to do sth.(决定做某事)可知，要在study 前加to。‎ ‎5. 情感类动词的-ed分词与-ing分词的区别。‎ 如：‎ My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (2010新课标卷)‎ 解析：‎ 句中的which代表a story about his experience，即“他的故事是有趣的”，应当用-ing分词作形容词，因为interested是表示人“感兴趣的”，故将interested改为interesting。‎ ‎6. 不定式的被动式中过去分词的拼写错误。‎ 如：‎ If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games, I will first improve my English…(2008大纲卷II)‎ 解析：‎ 我有幸被选去为第29届奥运会工作，不定式用被动式是正确的，但构成被动式的过去分词chose错了，应改为chosen。‎ 考点破解八：词性误用 真题再练 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.‎ ‎3.(2014新课标卷I)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!‎ ‎4.(2015新课标卷II)Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.‎ ‎5.(2014新课标卷II)The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.‎ ‎6.(2013新课标卷II)Interesting, it had a connection to the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.‎ ‎7.(2013新课标卷II)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.‎ ‎ ‎ 思路点拨 做这类题的前提要具备两个基础：‎ 一是要懂得分析句子结构，即划分句子成分；‎ 二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性。‎ 如：充当主语或宾语的应是名词，充当定语、表语或补语的应是形容词，充当状语的应是副词(修饰动词、形容词或全句)。有了这些基础，找这类错就容易了。‎ 考点归纳 这是一个常考点，几乎年年都考，甚至一份试卷中出现两道这类错误。错误类型有：‎ ‎1. 在句中作定语或表语本应用形容词，却用了副词或名词等别的词性的词。如［真题再练］1、2、3、5。‎ ‎2. 修饰动词、形容词或全句作状语本应用副词，却用了形容词。如［真题再练］4和6。‎ ‎3. 在句中作主语或宾语本该用名词却用了动词等别的词性的词。如［真题再练］7。‎ 考点破解九：常用词语辨析错误 真题再练                               ‎ 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2015新课标卷I) Much rare animals are dying out.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.‎ ‎3.(2014新课标卷I) The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.‎ ‎4.(2013新课标卷I) I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.‎ ‎5.(2013新课标卷I) However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.‎ ‎6.(2012新课标卷) I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry…‎ ‎7.(2011新课标卷) I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hangzhou.I was going to visit a friend here.‎ ‎8.(2014新课标卷II) We don’t need to do so many homework.‎ ‎9.(2015新课标卷II) He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.‎ 思路点拨  ‎ 只有在平时的学习中注意收集那些容易混淆的常用词语，做起题来才得心应手。解答此类题从以下几个方面入手。‎ ‎1. 从搭配上去区分。‎ 如［真题再练］1、8。much不能接复数名词，可见1错了；many后也不能接单数名词或不可数名词，所以8错了。‎ ‎2. 从意义上去区分。‎ 如［真题再练］5，“他是我从来没有见到过的最温柔的人”，没有见到过，你怎么知道是最温柔的人？可想到作者应是表达“在见到过的所有人中，他是最温柔的人”。‎ ‎3. 从结构上去区分。‎ 如［真题再练］4，be used todoing 可这样记：有be才有ing。‎ ‎4. 从用法上去区别。‎ 如［真题再练］2。‎ 考点归纳  ‎ 常用词的用法辨析是一个常考点，主要考点有8个：‎ ‎1. many与much的误用。(考的频率最高)‎ 辨析：many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词(只有单数形式)。‎ ‎2. so, very, much与very much的误用。‎ 辨析：(1)so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，如so good, very good, so well, very well，但so与very一般只能用一个而不同时用，如不能说so very good, sovery well；(2)much一般不修饰形容词或副词的原级，但可修饰比较级，如much better(好得多)；(3)very much修饰动词，如I like English very much. (我非常喜欢英语)‎ ‎3. ago与before的误用。‎ 辨析：“时间段+ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段+before”相对过去多久以前。‎ ‎4. ever与never的误用。‎ 辨析：ever从来，在任何时候，曾经；never从来不。‎ ‎5. here与there的误用。‎ 辨析：通常说去“那里”，即go there；来“这里”，即come here。‎ ‎6. used to do sth.与be used to doing sth.的误用。‎ 辨析：used to dosth.过去常常做某事；beused to doing sth.习惯做某事。‎ ‎7. do wrong与go wrong的误用。‎ 辨析：do wrong作恶, 犯罪；go wrong(机器)出故障(与work相对)。‎ ‎8. no与not的误用。‎ 辨析：no是形容词，否定名词，相当于not a或not any；而not是副词，否定动词。‎ 考点破解十：比较等级及其他 真题再练 ‎ 下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。‎ ‎1.(2012新课标卷) I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.‎ ‎2.(2014新课标卷I) As a result, the plants are growing somewhere.‎ ‎3.(2013新课标卷I) She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much.‎ ‎4.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. ‎ 思路点拨 ‎ 辨别这类错误，可以从以下几个方面去思考：‎ ‎1. 语境意义通不通。‎ 如［真题再练］2, “结果，在某处长着这种植物”与语境不符；［真题再练］4，“早上他们是三节课”不通，“早上有三节课”才对。‎ ‎2. 习惯搭配对不对。‎ 如［真题再练］3，remember…verywell/clearly(清楚地记得……)是习惯搭配。‎ ‎3. 平行结构是否平行。‎ 如［真题再练］1，and并列结构，前后形式要一致，more是比较级而little是原级，由句意可知，要改little为less，前后都是比较级才平行。‎ ‎4. 根据比较等级的基本句型去判断。‎ than前一定是比较级；有of/in等介词短语或定语从句表示比较范围的，要用最高级；as…as之间用原级。‎ 考点归纳 ‎ 主要考查以下几个方面。‎ ‎1.比较级和最高级与原级之间的误用。‎ ‎2.连接性副词therefore, however, then, besides等之间的误用。如：‎ The factory…has been moved out of the city…The market…has given way to a supermarket. Besides, the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. (2009大纲卷I)‎ 解析：前面句子描述的是变了，后面是说书店依然在那里，即前后是转折关系，而前后又有标点，故改Besides为However。‎ ‎3.与介词同形的副词的多用或少用。如：‎ For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and left the lights or television when no one else was there？(2012大纲卷I)‎ 解析：表示“让灯或电视开着”应是leave the lights or television on，故在television后加on。‎ ‎4. 由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词中，副词的误用或漏用。如：‎ Every one of us can make great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country. (2012大纲卷I)‎ 解析：由语境意义可知，作者是表达“减少(cut down=reduce)”能源的使用，而非“切断(cut  off)”能源的使用，故改off为down。‎ ‎5. 不定代词的误用。如：  ‎ Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electricity at home. (2012大纲卷I)‎ 解析：在单数可数名词(way)前表示“另一”，应当用another，故改Other为Another。注意改后单词的第一个字母要大写。‎