2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（31页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（31页word版）

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元学案 单元基础词汇语法搜索 Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． n．　　专利，证书，专利权 ‎2． vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎3． n. 产品 ‎4． adj. 突然的；意外的 ‎5． adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的 ‎6． n. 小心；谨慎 ‎7． n. 预料；期待；期望 patent distinguish product abrupt convenient caution expectation ‎8． vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎9． n. 认出；认可；承认 ‎10． n. (评判的)标准；尺度 ‎11． n. 文件；档案；文件夹 ‎12． adj. 熟的；成熟的 ‎13． adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎14． vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎15． n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎16． vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 ‎　n. 轻轻的敲击(声)；(水)龙头 seize recognition criterion file ripe freezing bear jam tap ‎17． n. (水或气)流；电流 ‎ 　　　　adj. 现在的；当前的 ‎18． adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎19． vt. 联想；联系 ‎20． adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的 current stable associate practical Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．call 给……打电话 ‎2．now then 偶尔；有时 ‎3．set 开始；着手 ‎4．dive 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎5．set (to do) 开始(做)‎ ‎6． on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎7．out of 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎8．get 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；‎ ‎ (设法)做完；通过 up and about into out hang order through ‎9．ring 回复电话 ‎10．ring 挂断电话 back off Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.‎ ‎[信息提取]　distinguish oneself使自己扬名。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　这个人因智慧而扬名。‎ The man________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　distinguished himself by his wisdom ‎2．I’m sorry，but this phone is out of order.‎ ‎[信息提取]　be out of order坏了，有毛病。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　咱们的冰箱又坏了，我们别修它了，最好买一个新的。‎ Our refrigerator________ ________ ________ ________ ________.We’d better buy a new one________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　is out of order again；instead of repairing it ‎3．But once picked up，they tried to bite me.‎ ‎[信息提取]　once picked up为“连接词＋过去分词”结构，相当于once they were picked up。once引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　一旦打开，这些食物就必须在三天内吃完。‎ ‎________ ________，the food must be eaten up within three days.‎ ‎【答案】　Once opened ‎4．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ ‎[信息提取]　unless连词，意为“除非，如果不……”。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　如果你不马上走，就会迟到的。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you will be late.‎ ‎【答案】　Unless you go at once distinguish ‎(1)vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别 You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.‎ 你应学会明辨是非。‎ The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。‎ ‎(2)distinguish oneself引人注目，出名 He distinguished himself by bravery.‎ 他以勇猛出名。‎ Yao Ming has already distinguished himself as an athlete.‎ 作为运动员姚明已享有盛名。‎ He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.‎ 他在经济学方面的知识是卓越的。‎ ‎1．Color blind people often find it difficult to________between blue and green.‎ A．separate　　　　 B．distinguish C．compare D．contrast ‎【解析】　句意为：色盲的人经常感到很难区分蓝色和绿色。separate分离，分开，但与between不能连用。distinguish between分辨，辨别；compare (to/with)比较，对照；contrast (with) 形成对比。‎ ‎【答案】　B convenient adj.方便的，便利的 Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?‎ 你明天开始工作方便吗？‎ Please come whenever it is convenient to you.‎ 方便的时候请随时来。‎ They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.‎ 它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。‎ convenience n．方便，便利，适宜，省事 at one’s convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地方 convenience food方便食品 for convenience为了方便 Come by to pick me up at your convenience.‎ 在你方便的时候，请来接我。‎ ‎2．Our new house is very________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.‎ A．adaptable B．comfortable C．convenient D．available ‎【解析】　句意为：我们的新居很便利，从家到办公室只需五分钟。convenient表示“方便的”，符合题意。A.adaptable表示“能适应的，适应性强的”；B.comfortable表示“舒适的”；D.available表示“可获得的，可得到的”。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．Come and see me whenever________.‎ A．you are convenient ‎ B．you will be convenient C．it is convenient to you ‎ ‎ D．it will be convenient to you ‎【解析】　“如果你方便的话”应用if it is convenient to/for you。‎ ‎【答案】　C bear (bore，borne)vt.‎ ‎(1)负担，承担 I doubt if that chair will bear your weight.‎ 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。‎ Who will bear the responsibility/expense?‎ 谁要负担这责任/费用呢？‎ ‎(2)忍受，忍耐 He can’t bear being laughed at.‎ ‎＝He can’t bear to be laughed at.‎ 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。‎ ‎(1)stand，bear，tolerate，put up with意为“忍耐，容忍”。‎ He can’t stand/bear/put up with hot weather.‎ 他不能忍受炎热的天气。‎ She can’t stand being kept waiting.她无法忍受久等。‎ ‎(2)bear sth.in mind牢记 You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.‎ 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。‎ ‎4．—Why did Bob cry?‎ ‎—He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.‎ A．making fun of B．being made fun of C．to be laughed at D．being made fun ‎【解析】　动词bear后跟v.ing形式作宾语，且此处应该使用被动形式。‎ ‎【答案】　B associate vt.联想，联系 ‎①I’ve never associated you with this place.‎ 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。‎ ‎②I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mckey’s project.‎ 我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。‎ ‎③I don’t like these young men you’re associating with.‎ 我不喜欢你结交的这些年青人。‎ association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with...与……合伙/合作 ‎④I am working in association with him.‎ 我和他一同工作。‎ ‎⑤My association with him goes back to our days in high school.‎ 我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。‎ ‎5．He wished to forget everything________with his former life and start a new life.‎ A．joined B．associated C．buried D．carried ‎【解析】　句意为：他希望忘记跟他过去生活有联系的一切东西，开始新的人生。be associated with...表示“和……有联系”，此处作后置定语，符合语意要求。‎ ‎【答案】　B call up ‎(1)使人想起，使回忆起 The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.这笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。‎ The music calls up memories of my childhood.‎ 音乐引起我对童年的回忆。‎ ‎(2)打电话 I tried to call you up last night，but no one answered the phone.‎ 我昨晚曾打电话给你，但没人接。‎ ‎(3)召集，征召……入伍 When the war broke out，they were at once called up.‎ 战争一爆发，他们立即就被征召入伍了。‎ ‎(1)ring/call back回复电话 ‎(2)ring off挂断电话 ‎(3)give sb.a ring给某人打电话 ‎(4)sb.be wanted on the phone有某人的电话 ‎(5)answer the phone接电话 ‎(6)hang/hold on不挂断电话 ‎6．Your letter________the days ________we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.‎ A．calls up；which B．call in；when C．calls up；when D．calls in；that ‎【答案】　A set out开始，着手(后接不定式)；出发，动身 They set out to work as soon as they arrived.‎ 他们一到就干了起来。‎ She is going to set out for France at five o’clock in the morning.‎ 她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。‎ 辨析：set out，set off，set about与set up ‎(1)set out表示“开始做某事”，多跟不定式。‎ He set out to wash his car.他开始洗车。‎ ‎(2)set off表示“启程，开始”，多指开始踏上征程，常常和on，for等搭配。‎ If you want to catch that train，we’d better set off for the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎(3)set about表示“开始，着手做某事”，多跟doing结构。‎ You must set about your work at once.你必须立即开始工作。‎ The girl has set about cleaning the room.‎ 小女孩已开始打扫房间。‎ ‎(4)set up不能表示“开始”，而表示“搭建，建立，使恢复”等意义。‎ A fund will be set up for the dead men’s families.‎ 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。‎ ‎7．After breakfast，my classmates and I set out________Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome.‎ A．to B．on C．for D．towards ‎【解析】　set out for出发到……地方。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎8．The moment she came back from work，she________to clean the kitchen thoroughly.‎ A．set out B．set about C．set off D．set up ‎【解析】　考查动词短语含义。set out to do sth.着手做某事；set about doing sth.着手做某事；set off出发，动身，使爆炸；set up成立。‎ ‎【答案】　A get through ‎(1)完成 She’s got through a lot of work.她完成了许多工作。‎ ‎(2)通过 He got through his final exams easily.‎ 他轻易地通过了期末考试。‎ ‎(3)到达 The message got through to us at last.‎ 这条消息终于送到了我们这儿。‎ ‎(4)接通电话 I called all day，but I just couldn’t get through.‎ 我打了一天的电话，可就是打不通。‎ ‎(5)度过(时间)‎ I can’t think how they will get through the time.‎ 我想像不出这段时间他们将怎样度过。‎ get across被理解；使人了解 get down to认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)‎ get over克服 get on进展，进步 get in收获 ‎9．(2009年四川卷)—Have you________？‎ ‎—No.I had the wrong number.‎ A．got in B．got away C．got off D．got through ‎【解析】　 句意为：——你打通电话了吗？——没有。我拨错号码了。get in进入，抵达，收获；get away走开，逃脱；get off(从……)下来，出发，下班，逃脱惩罚；get through 完成，度过，通过，讲清楚，打通电话。‎ ‎【答案】　D Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn’t work the first time. ‎ 记住对你的发明要有变化的余地以防它第一次不起作用。‎ in case ‎ ‎(1) conj.在……的情况下，万一……的话；以防，免得；in case后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态，偶尔也用should＋v.。‎ In case anything important happens，please call me up.‎ 万一发生什么重要的事情，请打电话给我。‎ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.‎ 坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。‎ ‎(2)adv.以防万一，免得 You’d better carry some money in case.‎ 你最好带些钱，以防万一。‎ It may rain.You’d better take your umbrella in case.‎ 天可能下雨，你最好带上伞以防万一。‎ ‎(1)in case of 在……情形时，万一，以防……‎ In case of fire，ring the bell.万一发生火灾，请按铃。‎ I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain.‎ 我将随身带件雨衣以防下雨。‎ ‎(2)in any case 无论如何，反正，不管怎样 In any case，do your best.无论如何，要尽力而为。‎ ‎(3)in no case 决不，在任何时候都不 In no case should you be allowed to do such a foolish thing again.你决不应该再做那样的蠢事。(注意此句要用部分倒装)‎ ‎(4)in that case作“在那种情况下，假使那样的话”“如果那样”解时相当于if that happens。‎ It may rain this evening.In that case，we’ll have to stay at home.今天晚上可能下雨。如果是那样，我们就只好呆在家里了。‎ ‎10．I shall stay in the hotel all day______there is news of the missing child.‎ A．in case B．no matter C．in any case D．ever since ‎【答案】　A ‎11．Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.‎ A．ever since B．even if C．soon after D．in case ‎【解析】　句意为：留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天忘了带钥匙进不了门。根据句意和行文逻辑此处为以防万一之意，故选in case。ever since自……以来；even if 即使；soon after 在……之后不久，均不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎12．Some parents don’t allow their children to go online________they are affected by something unhealthy.‎ A．for fear that B．unless C．in only D．in case ‎【解析】　in case，for fear that引导目的状语从句。词义为“以防……，以免……”。须指出的是in case引导的从句，谓语动词用一般时表示将来时。for fear that其从句谓语动词前需有may，might，will或would。‎ ‎【答案】　D Prepared with these findings，I decided on three possible approaches.‎ 有这些发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。‎ Prepared with these findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。‎ ‎①Although built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful.‎ 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，但它看起来依然很漂亮。‎ ‎②Given more time，he can do it better.‎ 如果给予他更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。‎ ‎③Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。‎ ‎④Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.‎ 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。‎ ‎⑤He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。‎ ‎13．(2010届保定一中月考)Bought by his father and________to serve as his maid，the young girl fell in love with him.‎ A．intending B．to intend C．being intended D．intended ‎【解析】　考查非谓语动词。语意表示“这个女孩是他的父亲买来打算给他当女仆的”，此处是intend sb.to do sth.的被动语态，用其过去分词作状语。注意，英语中一般不用现在分词的被动语态作状语。‎ ‎【答案】　D Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。‎ ‎“祈使句＋and/then/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构的用法 ‎①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.‎ ‎＝If you work harder，you’ll succeed in your studies.‎ ‎＝Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.‎ 如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。 ‎ ‎②Study hard，or/otherwise you’ll fall in your exams.‎ ‎＝If you don’t study hard，you’ll fail in your exams.‎ ‎＝You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.‎ 如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考不及格。‎ ‎14．(2009年江南十校测试)—Can you help me?‎ ‎—Yes.________your teacher’s advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.‎ A．Follow B．Following C．To follow D．Followed ‎【解析】　此题考查句型“祈使句＋and＋一般陈述句”，in my opinion在句中作插入语。‎ ‎【答案】　A Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The twin brothers are so much alike that it is difficult for us to________(辨别) one from the other.‎ ‎【答案】　distinguish ‎2．Would it be________(便利) for you to pick me up at 2 p．m.and take me to the railway station?‎ ‎【答案】　convenient ‎3．I let my parents down.In other words，I didn’t live up to their________(期望) of me.‎ ‎【答案】　expectation ‎4．When the couple turned forty，they were laid off.With no________(稳定的) income they found they were really badly off and could hardly make ends meet.‎ ‎【答案】　stable ‎5．My father always comes up with a________(实际的) solution to my problem.Every time I take his advice，I will solve my problem.‎ ‎【答案】　practical Ⅱ.选词填空 ring back；hang off；set about；get through；hang on ‎1．Come and________________doing your work：you’ve wasted lots of time.‎ ‎【答案】　set about ‎2．He’s not in；why don’t you________________after 6 o’clock?‎ ‎【答案】　ring back ‎3．Jerry asked John，who was talking with him on the phone，to________________while he ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.‎ ‎【答案】　hang on ‎4．I will have to________________now；I smell something burning in the kitchen.‎ ‎【答案】　hang off ‎5．I tried phoning her office，but I couldn’t________________.How could I give her the important information?‎ ‎【答案】　get through Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1．—The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.‎ ‎—Don’t worry.We have already________two thirds of it.‎ A．got down B．got through C．given in D．given away ‎【解析】　get through完成(工作)。 ‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．(2007年天津卷)Hardly could he________this amount of work in such a short time.‎ A．get through B．get off C．get into D．get down ‎【解析】　考查动词短语。句意为“在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作”。get through有完成之意，符合句意。get off 下车；get into进入，陷入；get down“下车，吞下，写下”都与句意不搭配。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．(2009年河南信阳模拟)The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to________the winter?‎ A．get on B．get across C．get over D．get through ‎【解析】　get on进展，进步；get across被理解；get over克服；get through度过，通过。由句意可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎4．—It’s a good idea，but who’s going to________the plan?‎ ‎—I think Tom and Grey will.‎ A．get through B．carry out C．go through D．carry on ‎【解析】　get through通过；carry out执行；go through经历；carry on进行。‎ ‎【答案】　B Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—过去分词 ‎1．The performance of the host，________to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.‎ A．had intended B．intended C．intending D．to intend ‎【解析】　分词短语作非限制性定语，排除A；逻辑主语the performance与intend是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．The Olympic Games，________in 776BC，didn’t include women players until 1912.‎ A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing ‎【答案】　C ‎3．The murderer was brought in，with his hands________behind his back.‎ A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied ‎【答案】　D ‎4．Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.‎ A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited ‎【答案】　A ‎5．(2009年浙江金华十校联考)________in her most beautiful skirt，the girl tried to make herself________at the party.‎ A．Dressed；noticed B．Dressing；noticed C．Dressed；noticing D．Dressing；being noticing ‎【答案】　A 单元知识链接高考题型 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What is TrackR?‎ ‎ TrackR is the simplest way to find lost or misplaced items.Join the millions of people who are connected to their most important items. ‎ Order a TrackR today and never lose anything again.‎ Distance indicator Hotter？Colder？As you search for your item，the TrackR app will show if you're getting closer to the annoying remote control.‎ Item ringer Just tap the item ringer to make TrackR ring your missing item.No more keys lost underneath a pile of mail.‎ Phone finder Can't find your phone？We make finding your phone a_snap.Just press the button on your TrackR device to ring your phone—even on silent.‎ Crowd GPS Network ‎ Lost something？TrackR's crowdsourced network will help you ‎ find it.When another TrackR user is within Bluetooth range of your lost item，you will receive a location update.‎ Separation alarms ‎ Don't forget your phone！Custom separation alarms remind you when you're about to leave your item behind.‎ Walletthin design ‎ TrackR's smooth anodized aluminum(电镀铝)construction makes it slim and durable.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章是一则广告，向我们介绍了一款新型的能帮我们找到丢失或错放物品的装置TrackR。‎ ‎1．What do you think is the passage?‎ A．Descriptions of several products.‎ B．An advertisement of a product.‎ C．An introduction to lost items.‎ D．Directions of a new item.‎ 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二部分“Order a TrackR today and never lose anything again.”可以判断，本文是一篇商业广告，故B项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：根据第一部分中的“TrackR is the simplest way to find lost or misplaced items”并结合全文内容可知，本文介绍的是一种叫“TrackR”的电子防丢产品，而不是多种产品，也不是对丢失物品的介绍，故A、C项错误；D项文中没有提及。‎ ‎2．How many functions does a TrackR have?‎ A．Three. 　　　　　　　B．Four. ‎ C．Five. D．Six.‎ 解析：C　细节理解题。通读第三部分对该产品的介绍可知，该产品共有五种功能，“Walletthin design”下介绍的是该产品的形态和材质，并非其功能，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can replace the underlined “a snap”in the passage?‎ A．An easy job. B．A necessary task.‎ C．An available method. D．A quiet action.‎ 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词的下句“Just press the button on your TrackR device to ring your phone—even on silent.”可知，只要按一下TrackR上的按钮就可以找到手机；据此可以判断，画线词意为“一件容易的事情”，故A项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：B项意为“一项必要的任务”，C项意为“一种可用的方法”，D项意为“一个安静的动作”，都与文意不符。‎ B ‎(2018·四川绵阳高中第二次诊断性考试)‎ Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or openair museum. Built in Brazil to honor Columbus' first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbusera replica (复制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship from over 500 years ago.‎ I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage children. The fieldtrip tour of the Nina is handson learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone (压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.‎ The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant，Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.‎ My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my longheld belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage (参与) in higherorder thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The_students_who_boarded_the_Nina_came_as_passive_learners._They_left_as_bold_explorers.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动参与学习。‎ ‎4．What occupation is the author engaged in?‎ A．Shipping.‎ B．Education.‎ C．Ecological tourism.‎ D．Museum administration.‎ 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage children.”可知，作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品Nina的历史知识；据此可以判断，作者从事的是教育行业，故B项正确。‎ ‎5．Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage?‎ A．She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.‎ B．She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.‎ C．She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.‎ D．She displays what Columbus' ship was like and how it operated.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship”可知，Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌；根据第二段的“ In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone (压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days.”可知，Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Guidelines for visitors on the ships.‎ B．Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.‎ C．Duties of the guides in the British museums.‎ D．Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.‎ 解析：D　段落大意题。根据第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum... A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers”可知，第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina类似的航行博物馆，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?‎ A．The students are interested in becoming tour guides.‎ B．The experience has changed the students' learning attitude.‎ C．The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.‎ D．The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.‎ 解析：B　句意理解题。根据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生成了主动学习的学生，他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断，最后两句意在说明，这种游览改变了学生的学习态度，故B项正确。‎ C ‎(2018·重庆调研抽测二)‎ ‎ Are you tired of getting“Storage Almost Full”situation when you try to record THE moment？Then you will love this app.‎ ‎ The idea came out when I went to Raptors game in Toronto to enjoy the heat of NBA. Raptors were losing the whole game. But at the last quarter，they were about to come from behind and win！The crowd got warmed up，and I really wanted to record the moment！Then the stupid “Storage Almost Full” moment came along. First，I deleted 10 of the least important apps.And then I had to record 5 seconds，and delete the video，and also delete from deleted picture folder，and repeat... like 1000 times... Well，it wasn't actually 1000 times but I did a lot，and also lost the moment. All I wanted was a 5 seconds video of the historic moment for my Instagram(照片分享)．And the idea for this app dawned on me.‎ ‎ “What if I could keep video recording but only catch the last 5 seconds？”‎ THIS “MOMENT” APP EXACTLY DOES THAT ‎ ‎—It lets you WAIT AS LONG AS YOU WANT WHILE RECORDING as if it has endless storage ‎ ‎—It catches last 5 or 10 seconds based on your choice ‎ ‎—It's super simple that even my grandma can use it ‎ ‎—Once again，DON'T WORRY ABOUT YOUR STORAGE，‎ the app will handle just fine All you have to do is just hold your camera while you're waiting for THE moment like：‎ ‎—when Curry scores a threepoints ‎ ‎—when your friend enters the room for a surprise birthday party ‎—when your dog catches a Frisbee(飞盘)‎ ‎—when you finally jump off from the top of stairs on your skateboard and land safe Simple and Sweet I hope it makes your life stressfree by reducing one small but annoying problem.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。很多人在使用手机的时候，都会受到手机内存不足的困扰。文章介绍了一款可以解决这个问题的软件。‎ ‎8．Why did the author write this passage?‎ ‎ A．To describe an app.　　 B．To promote an app.‎ ‎ C．To develop an app. D．To design an app.‎ 解析：B　写作意图题。由第一段“Are you tired of getting ‘Storage Almost Full’ situation when you try to record THE moment? Then you will love this app.”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了推广一款软件。‎ ‎9．What caused the author to come upon the idea?‎ ‎ A．Raptors' losing the whole game.‎ ‎ B．His wrong deletion of the video.‎ ‎ C．The 5 seconds video of the moment.‎ ‎ D．His failure to record an important moment.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。由第二段“Well, it wasn't actually 1000 times but I did a lot，and also lost the moment.All I wanted was a 5 seconds video of the historic moment for my Instagram(照片分享). And the idea for this app dawned on me.”可知，因为手机内存几乎已满，作者没有能够记录下一个重要的时刻，因此他想到了这个主意。‎ ‎10．What do we know about the app?‎ A．It has endless storage.‎ B．It operates automatically.‎ C．It's quite hard to use.‎ D．It works well when needed.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。由“THIS‘MOMENT’ APP EXACILY DOES THAT”部分第一点可知，就好像它有无限大的内存，并不是说它实际上有无限大的内存，故A项错误；由该部分第二点可知，该软件需要人为操控，故B项错误；由该部分第三点可知，它使用起来非常简单，故C项错误；由该部分第四点可知，需要用它的时候它很好使，D项符合原文文意。‎ ‎11．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Tired of “Storage Almost Full”‎ B．Simple and Sweet C．Goodbye to “Storage Almost Full”‎ D．Enjoy the Historic Moment 解析：C　标题概括题。由文章最后“I hope it makes your life stressfree by reducing one small but annoying problem.”可知，C项正确。‎ D ‎(2018·山东六校高三联考)‎ British shoppers buy 2.15 million tonnes of clothing and shoes annually，yet UK citizens have an estimated￡30 billion worth of unused clothing gathering dust at the back of the wardrobe(衣柜)．But new technology could see the end of that，with the garments themselves giving owners a gentle reminder of their existence.‎ ‎ “Smart clothes”could help us clear out our wardrobes by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven't been worn for a good while.If these alerts are ignored，the garments will get in touch with a clothing charity and ask to be reused，with an organization automatically sending out donation information.They could also be programmed to put themselves up for auction (拍卖)on eBay. ‎ Academics at Birmingham City University are developing the “connected wardrobe”to encourage more suitable clothes consumption.The concept sees garments tagged(给……加标签)using washable contactless technology.‎ ‎ Mark Brill，senior lecturer at Birmingham City University，said，“Think of the surprise when an owner suddenly receives bids for items that they didn't know were in their wardrobe.”“The connected wardrobe is a practical，pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption.Finally，I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption，”he added.“Perhaps we can even move away from the idea of‘ownership’ of clothing.When we've worn them enough，the items will pass themselves on to their next keeper.”‎ ‎ It follows in the footsteps of the “Internet of Things”—a concept that sees ordinary household items connecting to the Internet in order to share information.From adjusting your alarm clock to monitoring the temperature of your home，the Internet is changing the way we live.Now，the “Internet of Clothes” will see that neglected garments will tweet and text the owners “asking” to be worn depending on the weather and frequency of wear.Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned them previously，as well as how much they originally cost，who made them and how much the worker was paid for them.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新型的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”，而这一科技发明可以帮助人们更好地管理自己的衣服，树立正确的消费观念。‎ ‎12．What does the author say about “smart clothes”？‎ A．They may be donated on eBay.‎ B．They have gained in popularity.‎ C．They give warnings if worn out.‎ D．They may be recycled if long forgotten.‎ 解析：D　推理判断题。综合文章内容尤其是第一段中的“...unused clothing gathering dust at the back of the wardrobe(衣柜)．”和第二段中的 “‘Smart clothes’could help us clear out our...if they haven't been worn for a good while”及“ask to be reused”可推知，“智能衣服”会在被搁置许久时发信息提醒主人，如果主人不理会这样的提醒，那么“智能衣服”就会和慈善组织联系，要求被重新使用故选D。‎ ‎13．How does Mark Brill find the “connected wardrobe”？‎ A．It helps people buy cheaper clothes.‎ B．It contributes to right consumption attitudes.‎ C．It changes people's shopping habits.‎ D．It improves people's consumer confidence.‎ 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...the‘connected wardrobe’ to encourage more suitable clothes consumption.”及第四段中的“The connected wardrobe is a practical，pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption.Finally，I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption.”可知，Mark Brill认为“智能衣柜”有助于鼓励人们树立正确的消费观。故选B。‎ ‎14．What is indicated in the last paragraph?‎ A．Clothes can be a source of information.‎ B．Weather affects the connected wardrobe.‎ C．Clothes are sold online at a low price.‎ D．The Internet is a platform to share items.‎ 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned them previously，as well as how much they originally cost...”可知，衣服可以成为信息的来源。故选A。‎ ‎15．What's the author's attitude to the new technology?‎ A．Critical. 　　　　B．Uninterested.‎ C．Approving. D．Skeptical.‎ 解析：C　作者态度题。纵观全文可知，作者在文中介绍了一项新的科技发明——新型的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”，重点讲述了该科技发明对人们有什么好处，由此可推知，作者对这种新科技是持赞成的态度的。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·甘肃省兰州市高考诊断)‎ What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your ‎ friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.‎ It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性). When they find something needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. __1__. They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure, thus strengthening their reputation.‎ Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. __2__.‎ They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. __3__. Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.‎ Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it's really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. __4__. By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.‎ ‎__5__. It's better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.‎ A．Successful people never complain B．Successful persons don't make excuses C．They work hard even when no one is watching D．They believe that responsibility is taken, not given E．It's failure that teaches us much more than success F．It's hard to be successful if you don't trust the people around you G．Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了成功人士所具有的共同特征。‎ ‎1．解析：D　根据本段第一句“It is evident that successful people take initiative(主动性)．”可知，成功的人往往积极主动(承担责任)，而不是被动接受任务，所以选D项。‎ ‎2．解析：C　根据上文中的“They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work.”可知，因为成功人士能够从工作中得到满足和乐趣，所以他们会自己努力，不需要别人监督，故选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：E　根据下文中的“Successful people pick themselves up after a fall, try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure.”可知，E项“正是失败教会我们更多，而不是成功”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎4．解析：G　根据下文的“By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.”可知， G项“成功人士礼貌待人，尊敬他人”符合语境，故选G项。‎ ‎5．解析：A　本段主要讲的是成功人士不抱怨，总是努力解决问题，故选A项作本段的主题句。‎