陕西宜川县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题

陕西宜川县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 陕西宜川县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题 （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 As for old people，some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them.They don't have simple models of how they should work，what to do when something doesn't work or where to go for help.We make it as easy as possible to be used for people who are not familiar with the technology. I think there is huge potential(潜力) and we are designing it.The ability to connect to friends， who remember the same movies and news and music，is really important，especially as people get old.They end up in retirement homes and they aren't always close to their friends.Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family is a really powerful thing. My mother is an enthusiastic user of the Internet，although it took me years to get her to use e －mail.She was born with normal hearing，but lost it when she was 3.She was totally deaf for many years，until age 53，when she got ear aids.They work really well.That is a big change for her.But before then，her friends couldn't call her on the phone，so they insisted (坚持) she use e－mail to communicate with them. Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology.It's just there，and they use it.There's been a very interesting change in communications styles between old people and young people.There are some kids who are now in their teens and aren't willing to make phone calls.And they think of e-mail as old－fashioned and slow. The reason why teens don't make phone calls seems to be that they don' t know what to say.When they call they often stop for a while.They don't know what to say，and there's this silence.On the other hand，texting is considered proper，and it's okay if you don't answer.You might have been distracted (心烦意乱的)．It's not considered rude.But it is considered strange if you're in this kind of voice conversation and simply stop talking. 【语篇解读】 文章主要讲的是网络和运用程序对老年人生活的影响，网络方便了他们，但同时也为他们带 来了难题。 1．What is the trouble that old people meet when surfing the Internet? A．They don't know how to use some applications. B．They have to buy electronic productions at a high price. C．There is no professional teacher to teach them how to use the Internet. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 D．They have no friends to communicate with online. 答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段“As for old people，some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them.”可知，老年人上网最大的难题是不知道怎么使用其中的一些应用程序。] 2．We can infer from the passage that the author is a ________． A．company manager B．program designer C．college professor D．mobile phone designer 答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段“I think there is huge potential and we are designing it.”可知，一些应用程序对老年人来说使用是困难的，没有教老年人的简单样例，当应用程序不工作时，不 知该怎么办、不知道该向谁寻求帮助。所以我们设计了一款适用于那些不熟悉网络的老年人。“我”认为这有 非常巨大的潜力，并且我们正在设计它。由此可推知，作者是一名程序设计人员。] 3．What do the young people think of the Internet according to the passage? A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Common. D．Boring. 答案 C [推理判断题。根据第四段“Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology.It's just there，and they use it.”可知，年轻人并没有把网络当作技术。网络在那，他们就使用。由此可推 知，年轻人认为网络是很普通的一件事。] 4．Which of the following statements is true? A．Teens face challenges when taking phone calls with the old. B．The author's mother is still using e－mail to communicate with others after getting ear aids. C．Most people consider e－mail as the most old－fashioned tool to communicate with others. D．Teens like to send texts to communicate with others in order to avoid embarrassment. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，青少年不打电话因为不知道该说什么，会保持沉默。然而 发信息被认为是适当的方式，即使不回复，也不会被认为是不礼貌的。由此可知，青少年喜欢发信息，因为 这样可以避免尴尬。] 社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2012 江西,C)改编 Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship.It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7—17) with a volunteer 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married,single,with or without children.Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors:someone to trust,to have fun with,to talk and go to when needed. A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park,cooking,playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-respect,confidence and life direction. Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world.It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008.Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school.‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.’ Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by ‘providing different feedback(反馈)about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self-worth.’ Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program.‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it.I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play’. Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah.They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful,happy and unique girl she is! 1.What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?( ) A.To offer students public services. B.To help students improve their grades. C.To organize sport activities for young people. D.To provide partnership and fun for young people. 2.A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least . A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48 hours D.72 hours 3.According to Emily’s mother,this program may provide Emily with . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A.advice from her teachers B.a new way to assess herself C.a new way to judge her schoolmates D.more comments from her schoolmates 4.Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?( ) A.She used to be a volunteer. B.She needed a part-time job. C.She felt a bit bored with her life. D.She wanted to get a challenging job. 5.According to the passage,“vulnerable young people” are probably those who are . A.popular at school B.rather weak physically C.easily hurt emotionally D.confident in themselves 语篇解读:本文为说明文,属于社会生活类。文章介绍了一项针对青少年心理问题而开展的志愿者活动。 答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“It is a program which provides friendship and fun...”可知,该活动的目的是给年轻人提供友谊和乐趣。 2.B 事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“...spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.”可知,志愿者一年内的工作时间至少为:1×3×12=36(小 时)。 3.B 事实细节题。根据第六段内容可知,Emily 的妈妈希望通过这个活动,可以让 Emily 获得其他不同 的自我评价方式,而非仅仅从同学那里获取自我评价的来源。 4.C 事实细节题。根据倒数第二段中“‘I googled...because sometimes it’s all work and no play’”可知,Sarah 厌烦了平时只有工作而无娱乐的生活,想要通过参加这一活动获得乐趣。 5.C 猜测词义题。根据第五段对 Emily 的介绍可知,她很难被同学们接受,再根据全文最后一句可知, 这一活动有助于 Emily 成为一个美好、快乐、独一无二的女孩。由此判断 vulnerable young people 在这 里指那些情感脆弱的青少年。 【长难句子分析】 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 这是一个通过将情感脆弱的青少年(7—17 岁)与成人志愿者相配合以提供友谊和乐趣的活动,这些成人志愿 者既能扮演榜样的角色又能成为支持他们的朋友。 本句含两个限制性定语从句,其中“which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7-17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.” 修饰先行词 a program;在此定语从句中,又含另外一个定语从句,即“who can be both a role model and a supportive friend”,修饰先行词 a volunteer adult。 阅读理解概述（2）题型探究 探究点一 细节理解题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接 理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用 who, what, when, where, why 和 how 等提问)、语义转化题(需要 将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能 得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也 是做好其他类型题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常 重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。做这类题一般采用寻读法， 即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找 出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中 找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1．对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 2．词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3．语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，成为正确答案。 4．正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1．将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2．把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3．无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4．偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5．文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅 速寻找这一细节。找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在 准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 例 1 【2011·全国卷Ⅰ】 Wanted, Someone for a Kiss We’re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM.You’ll work on the station’s music programmes.Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. … Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station? A．Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. B．Mrs R．Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre. D．Wealden District Council. 【解析】 A 直接细节题。这则广告是招聘电台播音员的，因此 A 最合适。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 例２ 【 2011·北京卷】As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2001, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. ... What happened to the author in 2001? A．She flew an airplane. B．She entered a competition. C．She went on a hot air balloon ride. D．She moved into a retirement community. 【解析】 C 直接细节题。根据 I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.可以选出最佳答案。 2．间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实 细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。 例 3【 2011·北京卷】 … On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom， I have a rule—no laptops, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy. … Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with______. A．the course material B．others’ misuse of technology C．discussion topics D．the author’s class regulations 【解析】 D 间接细节题。根据 I have a rule—no laptops, iPads，phones，etc....some of them were 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 not happy 可知答案。在这里我们需要把“rule”以及后面的 some of them were not happy 进行转换。 3．数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体 的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中 经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经 过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 例 4 【 2011·辽宁卷】 ... According to the Coalition’s studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless—and the number is still growing… How many people are homeless in the U．S.according to the Coalition’s studies? A．39% of the population. B．200 million people. C．About 3 million people. D．About onefifth of the population. 【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据文中“...up to three million are homeless...”可知选 C。 4．排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题 时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正 确答案。 例 5 【2011·山东卷】 … The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain. … 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair 【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据 This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. 可知这种特殊的帽子接受来自大脑头皮的指令，然后传达给计算机，最后把指令传给轮椅。 5．图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的 出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图 表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 例 6 【 2009·安徽卷】 The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, ________. A．the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points B．the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C．the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease D．the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase