2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修5学案：Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish

2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修5学案：Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．linguist n．　　　　　　　　 语言学家 ‎2．motorway n. (英)高速公路 ‎3．underground n. (英)地铁 ‎4．subway n. (美)地铁 ‎5．flashlight n. (美)手电筒；火把 ‎6．queue vi. (英)排队(等候)‎ ‎7．preposition n. 介词 ‎8．omit vt. 省略 ‎9．settler n. 移民；定居者 ‎10．satellite n. 卫星 ‎11．flick n. 轻打；轻弹；抖动 ‎12．structure n. 结构；体系 ‎13．linguistics n. 语言学 ‎14．edition n. (广播、电视节目的)期；版 ‎15．cute adj. 逗人喜爱的 ‎16．distinctive adj. 与众不同的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．accent n．[纵联1] 口音 ‎2．switch n. 开关 ‎3．rapidly adv. 迅速地 ‎4．present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)‎ ‎5．attempt n. 努力；尝试 ‎6．look n. 外观；外表；样子 ‎7．criticise vt. 批评 ‎8．standard adj. 标准的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously adv.显然地，明显地，显而易见地[纵联2]‎ ‎2．confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的，感到难懂的→confuse vt.使困惑，使难于理解→confusion n．困惑；混乱；混淆 ‎3．compare vt.比较→comparison n．比较 ‎4．variety n．种类→variation n．变化→various adj.各种各样的→vary v．改变；使变化 ‎5．differ vi.不同，有区别→difference n．不同；区别→different adj.不同的，有区别的 ‎6．remark n．评论；讲话→remarkable adj.显著的；非凡的[纵联3]‎ ‎7．steadily adv.不断地；持续地→steady adj.持续的 ‎8．announcement n．声明；宣告→announce v．声明；宣布；通告 ‎9．add vt.加；增加→addition n．增加；增加物 ‎10．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的→simply adv.简朴地；仅仅；简直[纵联4]‎ ‎11．combination n．组合；结合→combine v．结合；联合[纵联5]‎ ‎12．reference n．参考；查阅→refer v．参考；查阅 纵联1.不一样的“声音”‎ ‎①accent口音　　　　　　　 ②voice声音；嗓音 ‎③noise噪声 ④sound声音；声响 纵联2.“明显的”能分清 ‎①obvious明显的；显然的 ②clear明显的；清楚的 ‎③apparent明显的；表面上的 ④evident明显的；明白的 ‎⑤plain清楚的；明显的 ⑥transparent透明的；明显的 纵联3.“评论”不容忽视 ‎①remark 评论；讲话 ②review 评论 ‎③comment 评论；意见 ④criticism 批评；评论 纵联4.ify结尾动词找一找 ‎①simplify简化 ②beautify美化；使美丽 ‎③classify分类 ④clarify澄清 ‎⑤identify确定；鉴定；识别 ⑥electrify使电气化 纵联5.有“分”也有“合”‎ ‎①combination n．组合；结合 ②unite v．联合 ‎③link v．连接 ④associate v．联合 ‎⑤separate vt.使分离 ⑥divide v．分开 ‎⑦divorce v．(使)离婚/分离 ⑧isolate v．隔离；孤立 单元话题——语言学习 子话题1　学习内容 ‎　①alphabet n．字母；字母表 ②vocabulary n．词汇，词汇量 ‎③idiom n．成语，习语 ④tone n．腔调；语调 ‎⑤spelling n．拼写；拼法 ⑥pronunciation n．发音，读音 ‎⑦usage n．(词语的)用法 ⑧stress n．重音 子话题2　学习过程 ‎　①dictation n．听写 ②consult v．查阅 ‎③skim v．跳读；略读 ④scan v．略读；浏览 ‎⑤accumulate v．积累；积聚 ⑥memorize vt.记忆 ‎⑦memorize as many words as you can尽量多记单词 ‎⑧enlarge/expand one's vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量 子话题3　学习结果 ‎　①accurate adj. 准确的，精确的 ‎②abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的 ‎③precise adj. 准确的，精确的，确切的 ‎④master vt. 掌握，精通 ‎⑤improve v. 提高，改善 ‎⑥fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的 ‎⑦have a good knowledge of 通晓，精通 ‎⑧acquire skills/knowledge 获得技能/知识 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling❶ down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly❷ as they had come.Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present❸ population is 762.‎ ‎①写出settling在句中的含义：定居；安家，它在本单元的派生名词是：settler，意为：移民；定居者。settle down意为：定居下来 ‎②写出quickly在本单元的同义词：rapidly ‎③写出present在句中的含义：现在的；它在本单元中用作动词，意为：陈述；提出 ‎2．(2017·江苏高考完形填空) However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school's standard❶ curriculum, he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it.He tried❷ to hide his obvious❸ pleasure from the music teacher, who had wandered over to listen.‎ ‎①写出standard在句中的含义：标准的 ‎②用本单元词汇替换tried：attempted，意为：努力；尝试 ‎③写出obvious在句中的含义：显然的；显而易见的 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在这次展览中，你可以看到各种类型的剪纸。(variety)‎ In_this_exhibition,_you_can_see_papercutting_with_a_variety_of/varieties_of_patterns.‎ ‎2．(2011·江西高考写作)显而易见，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种普及的交通工具，给我们的生活带来极大的便利。(obvious, standard)‎ It_is_obvious_that,_with_the_improvement_of_people's_living_standards,_cars_have_become_a_popular_means_of_transport,_bringing_great_convenience_to_our_life.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)confuse vt.　　　　　　　 使困惑；使难于理解 confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆 ‎(2)confused adj. 感到困惑的，感到难懂的 be/get/become confused at/about　 对……感到困惑 ‎(3)confusion n. 困惑；混乱；混淆 in confusion 困惑地；乱七八糟 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused (confuse) and is unsure about what to do next.‎ ‎②There is a lot of job information online, but too much of it may sometimes be confusing (confuse)．‎ ‎③I always confuse you with/and your sister — you look so alike.‎ 单句改错 ‎④You can tell by the slightly confusing look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map.confusing→confused 补全句子 ‎⑤She was very angry with her husband because he made their rooms in_confusion.‎ 她非常生她丈夫的气，因为他把房间弄得乱七八糟。‎ ‎[用准]　v．ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；v.ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用v.ed形式的形容词。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑥He was confused with the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.‎ ‎→Confused_with_the_present_situation,_he was at a loss what to do next.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎2．compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比n.比较 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)compare ...with ...　　 把……和……相比较 compare ...to ... 把……比作……‎ compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作状语)‎ ‎(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比，举世无双 ‎(3)comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻 in comparison with 与……相比 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Don't compare your strength with others' weakness, which is meaningless.‎ ‎②A teacher is often compared to a candle.That's because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.‎ ‎③When comparing (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.‎ ‎④It seemed a small challenge compared (compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤Comparing with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.Comparing→Compared ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)与其他影片相比，这部英文短片Growing Together被认为更有教育意义且充满情感。‎ In_comparison_with_other_films,_the English short film, Growing Together, is believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.‎ ‎3．differ vi.不同，有区别 ‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)differ from＝be different from 与……不同 differ in＝be different in 在……方面不同 ‎(2)difference n. 不同；区别 make a difference 有影响；使不相同 make some/no/little difference (to ...)‎ ‎ (对……)有些/没作用或影响 tell the difference between ...and ...‎ ‎ 区分……与……的差别 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·北京高考) Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making difference in the world.‎ ‎②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference (differ) between them.‎ 一句多译 英式英语和美式英语在发音和拼写方面有着明显的区别。‎ ‎③British English differs_obviously_from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)‎ ‎④British English is_obviously_different_from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)‎ ‎⑤There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望实现的任何事情有影响。(“only＋状语”置于句首引起的倒装句)‎ Only_when_we_match_our_words_with_actions_can_we_make_a_difference_in_whatever_we_hope_to_accomplish.‎ ‎4．present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发，介绍 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 n．礼物；赠品；现在 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中present的词性和含义 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.vt.呈现 ‎②If Mr Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.adj.在场的 ‎③On the day Joe graduated, he presented the teacher with his most precious possession — the picture of a bright yellow sun.vt.赠送 ‎④You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them.vt.陈述 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)present sb.with sth.　　　　　 向某人赠送某物 present sth.to sb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物 ‎(2)be present at 出席……‎ ‎(3)at present＝at the present time 目前，现在 for the present 目前；就现在而言 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤Wang Hua, our monitor, presented her with the prepared flowers.‎ ‎⑥At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.‎ ‎[用准]　present 用作形容词，表示“出席的，在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的，目前的”时，常用作前置定语。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 ‎(2015·江苏高考书面表达)上面提到的这三种选择都是典例。‎ ‎⑦The three selections which_are_presented_above are typical examples.(定语从句)‎ ‎⑧The three selections presented_above are typical examples.(分词作定语)‎ ‎5．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 试图做某事 at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试 ‎(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 ‎(3)attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.‎ ‎②(2015·广东高考) For years researchers have attempted to_show (show) that television is dangerous to children.‎ ‎③He is determined to pass the oral English interview at his first attempt.‎ 单句改错 ‎④The man is being questioned about the attempting murder last night.attempting→attempted ‎[写美]　一句多译 他试图通过这次考试，但考试太难了。‎ ‎⑤He attempted_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt v．)‎ ‎⑥He made_an_attempt_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt n．)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．When you leave the room, please turn off all the switches (开关)．‎ ‎2．All attempts (尝试) to control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.‎ ‎3．Recently people are very concerned about the rapidly (迅速地) rising food costs.‎ ‎4．Mr Smith was presented (赠送) with a watch by the boss for his years' hard work.‎ ‎5．I read the announcement (声明，公告) of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am very interested in it.‎ ‎6．I don't mind her criticising (批评) me, but it is how she does it that I object to.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.‎ ‎2．Comparing (compare) the two photographs, I could hardly tell the difference between the twins.‎ ‎3．Obviously (obvious) she is very clever because she can work out such a difficult problem.‎ ‎4．He attempted to_finish (finish) the task in advance, but he failed in the end.‎ ‎5．It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.‎ ‎6．We've got two people called Paul working here, so it's a bit confusing (confuse)．‎ ‎7．Can you simplify (simple) the instructions in order that children can understand them?‎ ‎8．Keep an EnglishChinese dictionary at hand so that you can use it for reference (refer) at any time.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Much to our joy, his health is getting steady better with time going on.steady→steadily ‎2．The confusing look on Tom's face suggested that he didn't quite understand his manager's idea.confusing→confused ‎3．Jim had prepared carefully for his physics test so that he could be sure of passing it in the first attempt.in→at ‎4．He counted the number of people presenting at the party and it added up to twentyone.presenting→present ‎5．The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, added that he enjoyed his stay here.added→adding或added前加and Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．教师节那天，我的学生送给了我一些花。(present)‎ On Teachers' Day, my students presented_me_with_some_flowers/presented_some _flowers_to_me.‎ ‎2．与西方相比，东方人更注重家庭。(compare)‎ Compared_to/with_the_West,_people in the East place much importance on family.‎ ‎3．对你不了解的事情不要妄加评论，否则你会被嘲笑的。(remark n．)‎ Don't make_remarks_on/about what you don't know, or you'll be laughed at.‎ ‎4．不要期望第一次尝试就通过驾驶测试，毕竟，你学开车只学了几天。(attempt)‎ Don't expect to pass the driving test at_your_first_attempt.After all, you've been learning to drive for only a couple of days.‎ ‎5．只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么才能过低碳生活，我们才能有所作为。(difference)‎ Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a lowcarbon life can_we_make_a_difference.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．have_...in_common　　　　 有相同的特点 ‎2．make_a_difference [串记1] 有影响，使不相同 ‎3．get_around 四处走动(旅行)；传开 ‎4．queue_up/stand_in_line 排队 ‎5．be_similar_to 与……相似 ‎6．lead_to 　　[串记2] 引起；导致 ‎7．pick_up 学会；捡起；收听(广播)；好转 ‎8．in_favour_of [串记3] 同意；支持 ‎9．refer_to_...as_... 称……为……‎ ‎10．thanks_to 幸亏；多亏 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“make a＋n.” 短语一览 ‎①make a difference 有影响，使不相同 ‎②make a contribution 做出贡献 ‎③make a decision 做出决定 ‎④make a mistake 犯错误 ‎⑤make a noise 发出噪声 ‎⑥make a reservation 预订 串记2.to为介词的短语荟萃 ‎①lead to引起；导致 ②object to反对 ‎③devote ...to把……奉献于 ④be/get used to习惯于 ‎⑤be accustomed to习惯于 ⑥pay attention to注意 串记3.“in＋n.＋of”短语大家族 ‎①in favour of同意；支持 ②in view of鉴于，考虑到 ‎③in memory of为了纪念…… ④in respect of关于，涉及 ‎⑤in terms of就……而言 ⑥in charge of主管，掌管 ‎1．the exchange programs　　　　　 交流项目 ‎2．develop steadily 平稳发展 ‎3．at the flick of a switch 只需按一下开关 ‎4．on the air 广播中 ‎5．make an important announcement 发表重要声明 ‎6．so far 迄今为止 ‎7．wear off 慢慢消失 ‎8．carry out research 进行研究 ‎9．in a number of ways 以多种方式 ‎10．stand in line 排队 ‎1．Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch.‎ 美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人叫它torch。‎ ‎2．A Londoner has_more_difficulty_understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.‎ 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。‎ ‎3．This nonstop communication, the experts think, has made_it_easier_for_British _people_and_Americans_to_understand each other.‎ 专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。‎ ‎4．However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find_newsreaders_and _weather_forecasters_all_speaking with different accents ...‎ 然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音……‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading_to (导致；造成) them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.‎ ‎2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Thanks_to (多亏) digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.‎ ‎3．(2009·天津高考完形填空) I find it interesting that one person can make_such _a_difference (产生这种影响) to so many people's lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2012·山东高考写作)总的来说，条条大路通罗马，但是我相信努力工作会有回报。‎ In a word, all_roads_lead_to_Rome,_but I believe hard work pays off.‎ ‎2．(2010·湖北高考写作)多亏上午第一节课那个令人感到欣慰的微笑，我开始变得自信。‎ Thanks_to_the_comforting_smile in my first morning class, I began to be confident.‎ ‎3．(2010·广东高考写作) From where I stand, I don't agree with encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks.(用本单元短语替换加黑部分) am_not_in_favour_of ‎4．(2018·浙江高考写作) For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English.I communicate with them without difficulty.(用本单元句式替换加黑部分) ‎ have_no_difficulty_communicating_with_them ‎5．(2014·北京高考书面表达)不久之后，通往停车处有两个入口，使得我们在那儿存放自行车更加容易。(make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do)‎ Soon after, there are two entrances to the parking place, making_it_easier_for_us _to_park_our_bikes_there.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．have ...in common 有相同的特点 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)have a lot/much/a great deal in common with ‎　　　　　　　　　 与……有很多共同之处 have nothing/little in common with ‎ 与……没有/很少有共同之处 ‎(2)in common with 与……一样 ‎(3)common sense 常识 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) They had nothing in common with me.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ ‎②In common with other middleaged people, I like jogging in the morning.‎ 补全句子 ‎③Anyone who_has_common_sense is able to make the right decision when facing the situation.‎ 当面对这种情况时，任何有常识的人都会做出正确决定。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们几乎没有共同之处。‎ Although_they_are_good_friends,_they_have_little_in_common_with_each_other.‎ ‎2．lead to 引起；导致；通向 ‎[记牢]‎ lead sb.to do sth.　　　　　 使某人做某事 lead sb.to/into ＋n. 带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出(观点)‎ lead a ...life 过……的生活 lead the way 引路，带路 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I want to know what led you to_take (take) up acting as a career.‎ ‎②The new evidence led to the high official being_arrested (arrest)．‎ 补全句子 ‎③With a guide leading_the_way,_we arrived at a village in Tibet, where we found the local people leading_a_happy_life.‎ 由一位向导带路，我们到达了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④好的习惯经常带来高效率，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 ‎ Good_habits_always_lead_to_high_efficiency,_while_bad_ones_bring_the_opposite.‎ ‎[联想]　除lead to外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause, result in, bring about, contribute to等。‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ‎[教材原句]　A Londoner has_more_difficulty_understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Such a person has_great_difficulty_in_waking_up in the mornings.‎ 这样的人在早晨醒来方面存在着很大的困难。‎ ‎(2)Whenever we have_trouble_with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.‎ 无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心地帮助我们。‎ ‎(3)Knowing the size of our globe, one would think that there_was_no_difficulty _in_determining its weight.‎ 也许有人认为，只要知道了地球的大小，确定它的重量是不成问题的。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等修饰，difficulty还可以用trouble, problems, a hard time等替换。‎ ‎(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth.在某事上有难处 ‎(3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事/在某事上没有困难 注意事项 ‎(1)在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.时，difficulty往往提前作为主句中的先行词，定语从句中谓语成为“have＋doing”形式；‎ ‎(2)在have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficulty是不可数名词。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)We should try our best to help those who have difficulty in studying English.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)However, I have some trouble in collecting the materials relevant and using of the language.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)You can't imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 have ...in common， get around， be similar to， lead to， pick up， in favour of， make a difference， thanks to ‎1．Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads_to greater success in one's life.‎ ‎2．We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have_in_common.‎ ‎3．The government calls on people to get_around by using public transport.‎ ‎4．Judging from his expression, I knew he was not in_favour_of my plan.‎ ‎5．My teacher told me that by just focusing my attention on small things, I can make_a_difference.‎ ‎6．My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.‎ ‎7．What they performed during the finals is_similar_to their ordinary training.‎ ‎8．Thanks_to modern science and technology, people lead a more comfortable and richer life.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．专家们正在努力地弄清楚许多青少年和父母交流有困难的原因。(have difficulty in doing sth.)‎ The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have_difficulty_in _communicating_with_their_parents.‎ ‎2．在一些地区，妇女出去挣钱而男士干家务、抚养孩子。(while)‎ In some places women go out to earn money while_men_do_the_housework _and_raise_their_children.‎ ‎3．我们转过身来时发现小女孩在湖中挣扎，大声呼救。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ We turned around and found_the_little_girl_struggling in the lake, crying for help.‎ ‎4．他们两个人之间的误解使得他们很难交流。(make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do)‎ The misunderstanding between the two made_it_difficult_for_them_to _communicate_with_each_other.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信说学中文遇到了一些困难并向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据要点写一封建议信。内容包括：‎ ‎1．参加中文学习班；‎ ‎2．看中文书刊、电视等；‎ ‎3．学唱中文歌曲。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的建议信，时态以一般将来时为主，人称以第二人称为主。文章可分为三个层次：开头应简要陈述对方在信中提到的问题和要求，为后文提出建议做铺垫。主体部分应依据题目所给的三个要点进行构思，但是要点只是提纲，还要在此基础上增加细节，不能逐字逐句进行翻译；在表达要点时应尽量采用不同的句式，切忌使用太多的祈使句。结尾应表达希望和祝愿。‎ 开头语：你在信中说学中文遇到了一些困难并向我咨询如何才能学好中文。(have difficulty in doing sth.)‎ In_your_letter_you_said_that_you_had_some_difficulty_in_learning_Chinese_and_asked_for_my_advice_on_how_to_learn_it_well.‎ 要点1：你应该参加中文学习班。‎ You_should_take_a_Chinese_course.‎ 要点2：尽可能看中文电视、读中文书、报纸和杂志也会有帮助。(it作形式主语)‎ It_also_helps_to_watch_TV_and_read_books,_newspapers_and_magazines_in_Chinese_whenever_possible.‎ 要点3：你会发现学唱中文歌曲是一个好主意。(find＋宾语＋宾补)‎ You_will_find_it_a_good_idea_to_learn_and_sing_Chinese_songs.‎ 结尾语：希望我的建议对你有所帮助。‎ I_hope_my_advice_will_be_of_help_to_you.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使内容更充实，并且符合词数的要求，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。当你听到朋友来信说学中文遇到了一些困难，你首先应想到的是感到抱歉(I'm sorry to ...)；拟定的三个要点出现得非常突兀，需要一个承上启下句进行过渡，可在三个要点前加上一句“这里有一些建议”；三条建议都已经给出了，那么这样做有什么具体的好处？因此，要点1可以拓展“能够从老师那里学到知识并与同学一起训练”；要点3也可以添加“可以很容易地学会并记住汉字”；结尾处添加“如果你有其他任何问题，不要犹豫让我知道”会让朋友感觉更满意。‎ 升级开头语：很抱歉收到你的信，你在信中说学中文遇到了一些困难并向我咨询如何才能学好中文。(用I'm sorry to ...开头，并用分词短语作定语)‎ I'm_sorry_to_receive_your_letter_saying_that_you_have_some_difficulty_in_learning_Chinese_and_ask_for_my_advice_on_how_to_learn_it_well.‎ 补充衔接句：这里有一些建议。‎ Here_are_a_few_suggestions.‎ 拓展要点1：你应该参加中文学习班，因为你将能够从老师那里学到知识，并与你的同学一起训练。(用as引导原因状语从句)‎ You_should_take_a_Chinese_course,_as_you'll_be_able_to_learn_from_the_teacher_and_practice_with_your_fellow_students.‎ 拓展要点3：你会发现学唱中文歌曲是一个好主意，因为通过这样做，你可以很容易地学会并记住汉字。(用because引导原因状语从句)‎ You_will_find_it_a_good_idea_to_learn_and_sing_Chinese_songs,_because_by_doing_so,_you'll_learn_and_remember_Chinese_words_easily.‎ 补充结尾语：如果你有其他任何问题，不要犹豫让我知道。(用if引导条件状语从句)‎ If_you_have_any_problems,_don't_hesitate_to_let_me_know.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文写作有三个层次，每个层次可独立成段，这就形成了英文写作中最常见的“三段式”作文。注意开头语之后紧跟补充的衔接句，以使文章过渡自然。第二段可用first， then， besides等衔接词，使文章更加条理、顺畅；最后可用Best wishes！表达祝愿。‎ Dear_Peter,_‎ I'm_sorry_to_receive_your_letter_saying_that_you_have_some_difficulty_in_learning_Chinese_and_ask_for_my_advice_on_how_to_learn_it_well.Here_are_a_few_suggestions.‎ First,_you_should_take_a_Chinese_course,_as_you'll_be_able_to_learn_from_the_teacher_and_practice_with_your_fellow_students.Then,_it_also_helps_to_watch_TV_and_read_books,_newspapers_and_magazines_in_Chinese_whenever_possible.Besides,_you_will_find_it_a_good_idea_to_learn_and_sing_Chinese_songs,_because_by_doing_so,_you'll_learn_and_remember_Chinese_words_easily.‎ I_hope_my_advice_will_be_of_help_to_you.If_you_have_any_problems,_don't_hesitate_to_let_me_know.Best_wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清句间结构之(三)　递进 句子间的递进关系是指在阐述中心论点时，各层次之间是环环相扣、逐层深入的关系，前一部分论述是后一部分论述的基础，最后推导出文章的结论。递进标志词有：besides, furthermore, in addition to ..., even, more than that等。利用递进关系可推出文段大意并准确解题。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五 When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. __38__. It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.‎ A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not ‎[分析]　空前一句说“当有人试图打扰你时，提出新的沟通时间，让他们在预约时间过来或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮助你消除未来受到打扰的可能”；空格前后构成递进关系。选E。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017·江苏卷·B篇 It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens (鹪鹩) also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中In addition为递进关系的标志词；其前说明了一种研究成果；其后说明了另外一种研究方式。‎ ‎ [高考典例3]　2015·浙江卷·阅读理解第二节 ‎61．________ No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions.Believe it ornot, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you're going to ask will set the record for stupidity.‎ A．Come in with something to say.‎ B．Prepare general comments.‎ C．Bring materials with you.‎ D．Don't make them wait.‎ E．Have no fear.‎ F．Go it alone.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中besides为递进关系的标志词；其前叙述了教授喜欢见到你，也喜欢回答你的问题；其后叙述了教授见到过许多比你笨的学生；这种层层递进的叙述方式是在支撑该段的主题：“不要害怕”(Have no fear.)，即61题。故选E。‎ ‎[高考典例4]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41(jumped_at) the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to 42(save) a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't 43(excited) enough about free credits, news about our 44(instructor) was appealing enough to me. He was an international ‎ grandmaster, which 45(meant) I would be learning from one of the game's 46(best). I could hardly wait to 47(meet) him.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中More than that为递进关系的标志词，表明作者学习这门功课的心情在逐步增强。‎