【英语】2020届二轮复习语法新创板块2第2讲　形容词、副词和比较级学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法新创板块2第2讲　形容词、副词和比较级学案

第2讲　形容词、副词和比较级 ‎[全国卷考情分析]‎ 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语 法 填 空 ‎1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are.‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.‎ ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Her years of hard work have finally(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely (huge)popular with tourists.‎ ‎1.考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法；‎ ‎2．考查词类转换。‎ 考点一　形容词和副词的基本用法 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much________(quiet)，cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ quieter　[考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。]‎ ‎2．(2019·唐山第一次调研)Al's adult son, Ernie, however，is one of the_________(kind) men I have ever known.‎ kindest　[考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。]‎ ‎3．(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)My dad was 90 years old.He could hardly see very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit at the first table that was_________(convenient) than others.‎ more convenient　[考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知，空处用形容词的比较级。]‎ ‎4．(2019·淮北模拟)The more you think about it, the__________(hard) you will fall asleep.‎ harder　[此题考查“the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”结构。]‎ ‎1．形容词的基本用法 ‎(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。‎ Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try.‎ 尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。‎ Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.‎ 天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。‎ ‎(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。‎ Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.‎ 她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　以ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。‎ ‎2．副词的基本用法 ‎(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，‎ 表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。‎ They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.‎ 他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。‎ ‎(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。‎ The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.‎ 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。‎ The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.‎ 这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　易用错的几类副词 ‎(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。‎ ‎(2)有些副词有两种形式：以ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。‎ 考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the__________(much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.‎ most　[考查形容词的最高级。该处指“最常见的”，故用最高级。]‎ ‎2．(2019·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the__________(fast) you will move toward your goal.‎ faster　[句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。]‎ ‎3．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third__________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world's population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.‎ largest　[考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。]‎ ‎1．比较级和最高级的构成 ‎(1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节的词一般在后 面加er和est tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest 以“辅音字母＋e”结尾 的词，在后面加r和st late→later→latest pale→paler→palest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的 词，将y改为i，再加er和est early→earlier→earliest heavy→heavier→heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节词，则双写这个 辅音字母，再加er和est thin→thinner→thinnest hot→hotter→hottest 其他双音节和多音节的词 都在前面加more和most careful→more careful ‎→most careful ‎[易错提醒]　有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。‎ ‎(2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best；bad/ill→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；‎ far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest/eldest；little→less→least ‎2．比较等级的用法 ‎(1)同级比较 ‎①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”‎ Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。‎ ‎②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：‎ as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...‎ as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...‎ as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...‎ I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。‎ ‎(2)比较级 ‎“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。‎ I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.‎ 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是语法填空中常出现的错误之一。‎ ‎(3)最高级 ‎①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。‎ Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.‎ 安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。‎ ‎②最高级的其他表达法 a．否定词＋比较级 b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。‎ The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用，如be senior to等。‎ ‎(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ‎①“the＋adj./adv.er，the＋adj./adv.er” “越……，越……”‎ ‎②“adj./adv.er＋and＋adj./adv.er”“越来越……”‎ ‎③“the＋adj.er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”‎ ‎④no more than“仅仅”，not more than“至多；不超过”‎ ‎⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”‎ ‎⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”‎ ‎⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”。‎ ‎⑧倍数句型 a．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B b．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B c．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared.‎ 一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被大众分享。‎ The electronic waste is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。‎ More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language ‎ well.‎ 越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。‎ 考点三 形容词和副词的词性转换 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·河南郑州一中测试)________(sad), people can no longer visit the cave.‎ Sadly　[考查副词。句意：很遗憾，人们不能再参观那个洞穴了。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子，故用副词形式；根据提示词可推知用sadly，且位于句首，其首字母要大写。]‎ ‎2．(2019·山西孝义实验中学二模)As the last name became_________(wide) accepted, the first letter was capitalized.‎ widely　[考查副词辨析。句意：随着姓氏被广泛接受，其首字母被大写。设空处作状语，修饰accepted，故填副词widely。wide也可作副词，但表示“充分张开”，因此此处不能填wide。]‎ ‎3．(2019·重庆第一次调研)The lava stone areas are_________(color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.‎ colorful　[考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。]‎ 形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记形容词变副词的规则(可参见第三讲构词法)，是解答此类题目的关键。‎ ‎【技法点拨】‎ 在语法填空中：‎ ‎1．准确理解句意，分析句子结构，判断空格处要填的词在句中作什么成分。如果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表语，应为形容词；如果用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子，则为副词。‎ ‎2．观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词than，表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句、或含有比较级的固定句式，如“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构等，以此判断是否需要填形容词或副词的比较等级。另外，解题时还需注意上下文提供的一些暗示信息。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·陕西西工大附中模拟)We can never expect a__________(blue) sky unless we create a__________(little) polluted world.‎ bluer; less　[第一空是“can＋否定词 ... ＋形容词/副词比较级”结构，表示最高级含义；第二空根据全句的语境可知填比较级。]‎ ‎2．(2019·沈阳二中模拟)Fabien is__________(current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31.‎ currently　[空格前为be动词is，后为实义动词，故应填副词修饰动词。]‎ ‎3．(2019·山西太原模拟)I think you'll get a bit_________(fat) by then. By the way, is there anything I can do for you?‎ fatter　[根据系动词get可知，填形容词作表语。a bit修饰比较级，故填fatter，注意拼写规则。]‎ ‎4．(2019·山东济宁模拟)If the patient was extremely fat, it was__________(possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.‎ impossible　[根据语义可知，此处表示“不可能的”。故填possible的反义词，在其前加前缀“im”。]‎ ‎5．(2019·江西上饶模拟)In many countries, it is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together._________， in the US, this idea may still be considered odd.‎ However　[根据上下文逻辑关系可判断，此处表转折，且由逗号与句子隔开，故填However。]‎ ‎6．(2019·黑龙江大庆月考)It is the_________(old) and only surviving ‎ nodam irrigation system in the world.‎ oldest　[根据后面的in the world属于比较的范围，因此用最高级的形式。句意：这是世界上最古老的而且是仅存的无坝灌溉系统。]‎ ‎7．(2019·河南平顶山模拟)Imagine how much_________(happy) you would be if you stopped complaining?‎ happier　[指不抱怨时和抱怨时相比，要用形容词比较级。]‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·广州综合测试二)Throughout history，people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food.Yet today there is clear evidence that the ocean has a limit.Most of the big fish in our ocean are now 1.________(go)．One major cause is overfishing.People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace 2.________(they)．‎ For centuries，local fishermen caught only enough fish for their own and their community's needs.However，from the early 20th century，people around the world became interested 3._________consuming proteinrich foods.People began 4.________(catch) large quantities of fish for profit and selling them to worldwide markets.In a very short period of time，commercial fishing 5.________(great) reduced the number of large predatory fish，such as cod and tuna.‎ Today，there are still plenty of fish in the sea，6.________they're mostly just the little ones.Small fish，7.________include sardines and anchovies，have more than doubled in number—largely because there are not enough big fish 8.________(eat) them.‎ Such large fish 9.________(be) necessary，because they hunt and kill the sick and weak smaller fish.Without this weeding out，or survival of the fittest，ecosystems become less stable.As a result，fish are less able to survive 10.________(difficult) such as pollution，environmental change，or changes in the food supply.‎ ‎1．gone　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，故填形容词gone，意为“不在了，不见了”。注意：此处为非被动的含义。]‎ ‎2．themselves　[考查代词。根据该从句的主语为many species可知，‎ 此处应用其反身代词，表示“自我替换”。]‎ ‎3．in　[考查介词。be/become interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定用法，故用介词in。]‎ ‎4．catching　[考查非谓语动词。begin doing/to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，是固定用法，又由句中的“and selling”可知，此处与selling是并列关系，形式应相同，故填catching。]‎ ‎5．greatly　[考查副词。修饰动词一般用副词，故用副词greatly修饰动词reduced，在句中作状语。]‎ ‎6．but　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示转折，故用连词but。]‎ ‎7．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Small fish，故用which。]‎ ‎8．to eat　[考查非谓语动词。enough...to do sth.意为“足够的……去做……”，为固定用法，故用不定式。]‎ ‎9．are　[考查主谓一致。根据本句中的they可知，Such large fish表示复数概念，故谓语动词用复数。]‎ ‎10．difficulties　[考查词性转换。根据语境中所列举的各种困难可知，此处用名词的复数形式，故用difficulties。]‎