【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之二：句法六个方面学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之二：句法六个方面学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之二：句法六个方面 一 主谓一致性 这里的主谓一致性，主要讲的是在一个句子里就可以看出其中的错误；但是有的主谓一致需要通过上下文判断。‎ 例1：【2014四川】 I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.‎ 答案与分析：go改为goes。因为主语是第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ 例2：【2014辽宁】 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.‎ 答案与分析：have改为has。主语the early morning barking为单数，所以谓语动词也应为单数形式。‎ ‎2并列词和并列句 并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子。做题时，需要分析句子，确定词、短语和句子是否用并列连词，并根据意思选择合适的并列连词。‎ 例1：【2015课标I】 There the air is clean or the mountains are green.‎ 答案与分析：or改为and。此处是并列关系。‎ 例2：【2014陕西】 We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.‎ 答案与分析：but改为and。此处是并列关系。‎ 例3：【2014课标I】 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.‎ 答案与分析：删掉but。although和but只能用一个。‎ ‎3定语从句的关系词 定语从句是一个跟在名词或代词后（先行词）对其进行修饰限定的句子。连接先行词与定语从句的那个词称为关系词，关系词在从句中要作句子成分。从句中谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。做这类题时，首先确定名词或代词后是否有定语从句，然后判断定语从句的关系词是否合适，这要根据在定语从句中使用关系词的规则而定。还要注意限定性与非限定性定语从句使用关系词的区别。‎ 例1：【2009辽宁】 One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. ‎ 答案与分析：that改为which。这里的a second-hand bicycle是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，因为是非限制性定语从句，因此关系代词只能用which。‎ 例2：【2013课标II】 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.‎ 答案与分析：that改为which。这里的dinner是先行词，后面是一个定语从句，因为是非限制性定语从句，因此关系代词只能用which。‎ ‎4名词性从句的连词 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。根据名词性从句在句中与主句的关系来确定用什么样的连接词。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】 After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ 答案与分析：where改为that或者去掉 where。句子的动词found后面有个宾语从句，从句中需要用that引导，或省略。句意是“他看了会儿玩具，扭过头来，发现父母不见了”，因此可以判断错用了where。‎ 例2：【2014四川】 If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your ‎ teacher immediately.‎ 答案与分析：删掉when。连接词使用重复，that引导宾语从句，所以when多余，而且不符合语境。‎ ‎5状语从句的连词 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。‎ 例1：【2015浙江】 If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.‎ 答案与分析：If改成Although/Though。在这里是状语从句用于句首，根据句子的意思可以判断出前面的从句是让步状语从句。‎ 例2：【2015陕西】 My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ 答案与分析：after改成when/while。首先分析句子结构，在was后面有个表语从句“that I dropped some on the floor when/while I was packing them up”，表语从句还可以再分，在表语从句里有主句“I dropped some on the floor”和时间状语从句“when/while I was packing them up”。句意是“我唯一的错误是在我打包的时候，一些掉在了地上”。‎ ‎6特殊句式等 例1：【2011陕西】 I couldn’t believe my luck — not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!‎ 答案与分析：had改为have。以not only开头的句子用倒装句。有助动词did，动词用原形。‎ 例2：【2014课标Ⅱ】 They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.‎ 答案与分析：They改为There。这是个表示“存在”意思的句子，应该用“there be...”句型。‎ 总之，除了掌握词法外，还要掌握好句法。学会分析句子的结构，无论句子多么复杂，都能看得很透彻，不被迷惑，这样就能把句中的错误挑出来，加以改正。‎ 典题演练 ‎【一】‎ One day, I happened to watch a program about traditional villages on TV. 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