【英语】2020届二轮复习主谓一致讲解学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习主谓一致讲解学案

‎2020届二轮复习 主谓一致讲解学案 ‎　　主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.‎ ‎　　(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:‎ ‎　　1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.‎ ‎　　如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.‎ ‎　　No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。‎ ‎　　2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:‎ ‎　　The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)‎ ‎　　A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)‎ ‎　　用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎　　3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:‎ ‎　　Serving the people is my great happiness.‎ ‎　　为人民服务是我最大的幸福.‎ ‎　　When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.‎ ‎　　我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。‎ ‎　　4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.‎ ‎　　Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.‎ ‎　　No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.‎ ‎　　Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。‎ ‎　　5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:‎ ‎　　Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。‎ ‎　　6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:‎ ‎　　Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.‎ ‎　　More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 ‎　　More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。‎ ‎　　7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:‎ ‎　　None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。‎ ‎　　None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。‎ ‎　　8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:‎ ‎　　His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:‎ ‎　　A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。‎ ‎　　9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎　　10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:‎ ‎　　Only one and a half apples is left on the table.‎ ‎　　注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:‎ ‎　　One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。‎ ‎　　(二) 内容一致原则:‎ ‎　　1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:‎ ‎　　The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。‎ ‎　　60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。‎ ‎　　Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。‎ ‎　　Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。‎ ‎　　2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:‎ ‎　　A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。‎ ‎　　A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。‎ ‎　　3. 加减乘除用单数.如:‎ ‎　　Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。‎ ‎　　4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:‎ ‎　　Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。‎ ‎　　5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:‎ ‎　　The British police have only very limited powers.‎ ‎　　(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.‎ ‎　　(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:‎ ‎　　The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。‎ ‎　　6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:‎ ‎　　The injured were saved after the fire.‎ ‎　　(三) 就近原则 ‎　　1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:‎ ‎　　Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.‎ ‎　　Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。‎ ‎　　Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?‎ ‎　　你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?‎ ‎　　2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：‎ ‎　　Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.‎ ‎　　He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。‎ ‎　　注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：‎ ‎　　Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。‎ ‎　　The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。‎ ‎　　Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。‎ ‎　　主谓一致练习 ‎　　1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.‎ ‎　　A. are/is B. are/are　 C. is/are D. are ‎　　2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.‎ ‎　　A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age ‎　　3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.‎ ‎　　A. play B. are playing　 C. plays D. is playing ‎　　4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.‎ ‎　　A. are B. has　 C. have D. is ‎　　5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.‎ ‎　　A. are B. is C. were D. be ‎　　6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.‎ ‎　　A. is B. are C. was D. has ‎　　7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.‎ ‎　　A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech ‎　　8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor.‎ ‎　　A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their ‎　　C. will buy the book/one's D. wants to have the book bought/her ‎　　9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.‎ ‎　　A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left ‎　　10. Having arrived at the station, _____.‎ ‎　　A. it was found that the train had left &nb, sp; B. th, e trai, n had left ‎　　C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left ‎　　11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".‎ ‎　　A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand ‎　　12. Either of you _____ going there tonight.‎ ‎　　A. will B. was C. is D. are ‎　　13. You as well _____ right.‎ ‎　　A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are ‎　　14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.‎ ‎　　A. are B. is C. were D. was ‎　　15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours?‎ ‎　　--Yes. Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.‎ ‎　　A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough fo, , , , , r you ‎　　C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you ‎　　16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.‎ ‎　　A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed ‎　　C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed ‎　　17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.‎ ‎　　A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are ‎　　18. Every student and every teacher _____.‎ ‎　　A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting ‎　　C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting ‎　　19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.‎ ‎　　A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was　 C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was ‎　　20. This pair of shoes _____.‎ ‎　　A. is her B. is hers　 C. are hers D. are her ‎　　21.There ______ no life on the moon.‎ ‎　　A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be ‎　　22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill ‎　　A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves ‎　　C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs ‎　　23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.‎ ‎　　A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles ‎　　24.What he says and what he does_______.‎ ‎　　A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree ‎　　25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.‎ ‎　　A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own ‎　　26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.‎ ‎　　A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write ‎　　27.The railway station is ______from our school.‎ ‎　　A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive ‎　　28.Mike and John`s ______.‎ ‎　　A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers ‎　　C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher ‎　　29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.‎ ‎　　A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur ‎　　30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.‎ ‎　　A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and ‎　　31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.‎ ‎　　A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished ‎　　32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England.‎ ‎　　A. is B. was C. are D. be ‎　　33. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard ‎　　A.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many ‎　　34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.‎ ‎　　A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out ‎　　35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.‎ ‎　　A. has B.have C.is D.are ‎　　36. “All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.‎ ‎　　A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are ‎　　37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.‎ ‎　　A.is B.was C.are D.were.‎ ‎　　38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.‎ ‎　　A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study ‎　　39.The rich______ not always happy.‎ ‎　　A.are B.is C.will D.may ‎　　40. ______can be done ______done.‎ ‎　　A.All, have been B.All that ,have been C.All has D.All that ,has been ‎　　41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.‎ ‎　　A.are B.is C.has D.have ‎　　42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.‎ ‎　　A.is searching B.were searching for ‎　　C.are searching D.was searching for ‎　　43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.‎ ‎　　A.is it B.are it C.are them D.is them ‎　　44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.‎ ‎　　A.is years B.are years C.is year D.are year ‎　　45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.‎ ‎　　A.are B.have C.has D.is ‎　　46. ______a good enough price for this book ‎　　A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D.Two yuan is ‎　　47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island ‎　　A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees ‎　　48.Every means ______prevent the water from______‎ ‎　　A.are used to polluting B. get used to polluting ‎　　C.is used to , polluted D.is used to ,being polluted ‎　　49.Each of the ______in the ship.‎ ‎　　A.passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room ‎　　C.passenger have their own room D.sengers has his own room ‎　　50.What we need ______good textbooks.‎ ‎　　A.is B.are C.have D.has ‎　　51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing.‎ ‎　　A.have something B.has something C.had something D.was something ‎　　52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.‎ ‎　　A.is B.are C.are going D.have ‎　　53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese.‎ ‎　　A.are has B.are have C.is have D.is has ‎　　54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party.‎ ‎　　A.wish B.wishes C.hope D.are hoping ‎　　55._______ has been done.‎ ‎　　A.nety—nine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised ‎　　C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business ‎　　答案：‎ ‎　　1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB ‎　　21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD ‎　　41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB 51-55 BAABB