【英语】2018届二轮复习熟记固定搭配，击破语法改错学案（12页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习熟记固定搭配，击破语法改错学案（12页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 熟记固定搭配，击破语法改错 不论是语法填空，还是短文改错，都常常考查固定搭配。如果考生熟练掌握好固定搭配，这类考点，可以在句，甚至是词的层面就可以轻易解决。但事实上，即便是优秀考生，有时也会失分。据他们说，主要是固定搭配涉及面广，种类多，易混淆，运用起来张冠李戴。基于此，为了帮助考生提高语法填空和短文改错固定搭配方面的得分率，笔者结合自己多年的高三教学经验，特意对全国卷该部分的常见考法及高频考点归类整理如下。‎ 一、考生须熟记以下常考的固定搭配 ‎1.冠词的固定搭配。全国卷英语高考对冠词的考查，并非仅仅局限于区分“特指”和“泛指”那般简单，在固定搭配中考查冠词也是很常态的考法。以下冠词的固定搭配就是高频考点：‎ 含不定冠词的固定词组：in a mess 乱七八糟in a hurry 匆匆忙忙in a …condition 处于……状态have a gift for 在……有天赋at a loss 不知所措all of a sudden 突然once in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前go on a diet 节食keep a diary 写日记do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 give sb. a lift 给某人提供顺风车as a result 结果keep an eye on 照看have a word with 和某人谈话a waste of 浪费at an end 接近尾声a series of 一系列 含定冠词的固定词组：‎ make the most / best of 充分利用on the spot / scene 在现场at the moment 此时此刻take the place of 取代；替代in the daytime 在白天 in the distance 在远方in the end 最终on the whole 总体上on the left / right 在左/右边at the same time 同时in the air / sky 在空中for the time being 暂时in a word 总之in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代all over the world 全世界in the beginning 起初by the way 顺便说一下 必须注意的是，有了短文改错作为载体，与零冠词有关的一些固定搭配，也开始“大行其道”，成为考查对象。如：at noon 在中午at night 在晚上at dawn 在黎明at dusk 在黄昏in public 当众by bus 坐公共汽车make great progress 取得很大的进步 ‎2.介词的固定搭配。‎ 全国卷英语高考对介词的考查，主要是“形容词+介词”和“介词+名词”这两种搭配。但在语法填空或短文改错中，譬如apart from和according to这类词组，往往也会被考查，故考生们千万不可掉以轻心。由于介词种类繁多，且不同的介词又有不同的搭配，因此不少考生都感到介词短语的记忆比较散乱，难记易忘。鉴于此，笔者建议考生最好把同一个介词的相关搭配放在一起记忆。拿with为例，如下：‎ be angry with sb.  因某事而生某人的气   be filled with    装满；充满be strict with sb.   在……对某人严格  be crowded with  拥挤be connected with  连接   be flooded with   充斥；涌入be familiar with  对……熟悉/ 不熟悉     be compared with  比较be popular with  流行；受欢迎   be covered with   覆be patient with  对……有耐心   be faced with   面临be frank with   对……坦白  be concerned with 关于be busy / occupied ‎ with 忙于      be infected with  感染  be pleased / satisfied / content with  对……满意     be fed up with        厌倦 ‎ 如此一来，记忆起来就不容易遗漏，而且能起到举一反三的连锁反应。‎ ‎3.连词的固定搭配。‎ 除了对连词的常规用法进行考查外，有时也会考查固定搭配。以下是连词常用的固定搭配：‎ either… or… 要么……要么……neither…nor… 既不……也不……whether…or… 是/不论……还是……not only…, but (also)… 不但……而且……when it comes to… 当涉及到……was / were doing sth. when… 正在做某事，突然……be about to do sth. when… 正要做某事，突然……be on the point of doing sth. when… 正要/即将做某事，突然……There was a time when… 有一段时间；曾经 ‎4.代词的固定搭配。‎ 全国卷英语高考对代词的考查也是五花八门，细致入微。以下列举一些考生容易失分的关于代词的固定搭配：‎ take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然make it a rule that…    把……作为规定make it clear that…     声明make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. 令得某人做某事很……find / think / consider it+adj. to do sth. 发觉/认为做某事很……make oneself +过去分词  使自己被……‎ ‎5.动词的固定搭配命题者也常常在短文改错中用以下的方式考查考生：‎ 少一副词：不及物动词后+宾语  (如：belong to sb.写成belong sb.)‎ 多一副词：及物动词+介词+宾语 (如：visit sb.写成visit to sb.)‎ 张冠李戴：用错动词或副词 (如：把put out误用作put off，turn on用成了take on ‎6.非谓语的固定搭配。‎ 为也应对语法填空，考生除了掌握最基础的非谓语语法知识外，也不可忽略特殊搭配的积累。如：judging from / by 由……判断generally speaking 笼统来讲all things considered 全盘考虑；整体看来be worth doing 值得做某事only to see/ find/ discover 结果却看见/发现to tell you the truth 实话实说to make things worse 更糟糕的是weather permitting 天气允许的话 ‎7.名词为复数形式的固定搭配。‎ 考生们在做语法填空时，凡涉及到固定搭配中的名词时，要注意其单复数形式；同理，命题者极有可能在短文改错中也会将其设为考点。常见的固定搭配有：‎ shake hands with  和……握手make friends with 与……交朋友make preparations for 为……做准备be in high / low spirits 情绪高涨/低落to make things / matters worse  更糟糕的是be as follows  如下    have effects on / have an effect on    对……有影响make efforts to do /  make an effort to do  努力做某事 make contributions to / make acontribution to 为……做贡献 ‎8.固定的特殊句型。‎ There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事 There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有意义It is no use / good doing sth. 做某事没用/不好 It is / was…that / who…  正是……It was not long before…  很快……It’s (high) time that sb. did sth 该是某人做某事的时候了It is / was the+序数词+time that sb. has / had done sth.  某人第……次做某事 ‎9.易混的词或词组。‎ before (用完成时态) / ago (用过去时态)because (接句子) / because of (接名词/词组)‎ have been to (到过) / have gone to (去了)ten years ago (用一般过去时) / since ten years ago (用现在完成时)long before (很久以前) / before long (不久之后)make sense of (理解) / make sense (有意义，说得通)take advantage of (利用) / take advantage over (比……有优势)‎ be tired of (对……厌倦) / be tired from(因……而疲惫)pay in cash(用现金支付) / pay by check(用支票支付)in 1990 (在1990年) / in the 1990s（在二十世纪九十年代）‎ in the morning (在早上) / on the morning of last  Monday(上周一早上)in summer (在夏天) / in the summer of 1997(在1997年夏天)in the past(在过去，用于一般过去时态) / in the past few years (在最近几年，用于现在完成时态)with time going by = as time goes by (随着时间的推移，with是介词，而as是连词)in charge of (负责……)/ in the charge of ‎ (由……负责)at table(在吃饭) / at the table (在桌子旁边)at a time(一次) /  at onetime (曾经，同时) / at the time(当时；那时)a number of (许多) / the number of(……的数目)a most + adj. (一个非常……的) / the most +adj. (最……的)a second time (又一次) / the second time (第二次)take place (发生) / take the place of (取代；替代)charge sb. with sth.(因某事指控某人) / charge sb. for sth. (因某事收费)be proud of = take pride in (引以为豪)be confident of = have confidence in (对……有信心)‎ 二、高考真题分析 ‎1.  语法填空  在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。‎ ‎(1)________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. (2015 课标卷 II)‎ ‎ (2) It took years of work  ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014 课 ‎ (3) I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.( 2014 课标卷 ‎ ‎ (4) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused  ________ (stop) until…(2014课标卷 II)‎ ‎ (5) Still, the boy kept ________ (ride). (2014课标卷 II)‎ ‎ (6) Nick said, “ The only reason a man would sell salt  ________ a low price would be because he was desperate for money. (2013广东卷)‎ ‎ (7)  I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation. (2014广东卷)‎ ‎ (8) One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.(2015‎ ‎1. At  考查固定搭配at the same time“同时”。2. to reduce 考查固定句式It takes+时间+to do sth.“做某事花……时间”。3. to  考查固定搭配next to“紧邻；紧接”。4. to stop 考查固定搭配refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。5.riding 考查固定搭配keep doing sth.“继续/持续做某事”。6.at  考查固定搭配at a low / high price.“以低 / 高价”。7. for 考查固定搭配charge sb. for(doing) sth.“因(做)某事而收费”。8. when  考查固定句型was / were doing…when…“正在做……突然……”。‎ ‎2.  短文改错  以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。‎ ‎(1) In other words, we would be separated for long time. (2010大纲)‎ ‎ (2) In a fact, he even scared my classmates away…(2013课标卷 I)‎ ‎ (3) As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014课标卷 I)‎ ‎ (4) …and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. (2014‎ ‎ (5) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listen music.(2014‎ ‎ (6) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. (2015课 ‎(7) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (2015课标卷 I)‎ ‎(8) My best friend, Aigulie, used to share her Nang to me. (2015课标卷 I)‎ ‎1.在long前面加a，因为for a long time是固定词组，“很长一段时间”。2. 把a去掉，因为in fact是固定词组，“实际上”。3.在as后面加a，因为as a result是固定词组，“结果”。4.把by改为of，因为with the help of是固定词组，“在……的帮助下”。5.在listen后面加to，因为listen to是固定词组，“听；倾听”。6. 在in后面加the，因为in the countryside是固定词组，“在农村”。7.  把on改为with，因为with the development of是固定词组，“随着……的发展”。8. 把to改为with，因为share…with是固定词组，“和……分享”。‎ 三、实战演练 ‎(一)语法填空在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。‎ ‎1. He is always responsible ________ whatever he does.‎ ‎2. She spoke in such ________ low voice that she couldn’t make herself heard.‎ ‎3. The students are busy making ________ (prepare) for the coming exams.‎ ‎4. He was absent from the lecture ________ some reason. ‎ ‎5. People were sleeping soundly ________ the destructive earthquake occurred.‎ ‎6. Strictly ________ (speak), what you said just now is not exactly correct.‎ ‎7. I’d appreciate it ________ you could do me a favor and help me out.‎ ‎8. He had no choice but ________ (wait) aimlessly for another two hours.‎ ‎9. If  you go on behaving like that,you’ll risk ________ (lose) your job.‎ ‎10. When he woke up, he found himself lying in ________ open air.‎ ‎(二)单句改错以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。‎ ‎1. So busy am I that I spend little time on my son every week.‎ ‎2. The other day, she paid visit to the Summer Palace and enjoyed herself.‎ ‎3. His parents forced him choose the major he wasn’t interested in.‎ ‎4. We’re supposed to exchange our study methods to each other.‎ ‎5. The project is now in charge of Mr. Green, our close friend.‎ ‎6. Old as he is, the man is in a good health.‎ ‎7. I’ll take you up as soon as you arrive at the train station.‎ ‎8. As students, we should make effort  to realize our dreams.‎ ‎9. Tom got up, dressed him and went to work in a hurry.‎ ‎10. I don’t make sense what you said just now. Can you explain it in detail?‎ 答案与解析(一)语法填空 ‎1. for  因be responsible for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。2. a  因in a low voice “低声地”。3. preparations  表示“为……做准备” ，用固定搭配make preparations for。4. for  因for…reason 是固定搭配，意为“出于……原因”。5. when  因was / were doing… when… “正在做某事……突然”。6. speaking  因Strictly speaking 是独立主格结构，意思是“严格来说”。7. if  固定句型I’d appreciate it if…意为“假如……的话，我会不胜感激”。8. to wait  特殊句型have no choice but to do意为“除了做……外，别无选择”。9. losing  因risk doing sth.，是固定用法，意为“冒险做某事”。10. the  因in the open air是固定词组，意为“在户外”。‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎1. 把on改为with ，因此处是表示“花时间陪某人”而不是“花时间在……上”。2. 在visit前面加a，因为pay a visit to“拜访；参观”是固定搭配。3. 在choose前面加to，因“强迫某人做某事”用force sb. to do sth.是固定句式。4. 把to改为with，因“和……交流/交换……”用exchange…with…。5. 在charge前面加the，因此处指“由……负责/掌管”，用词组in the charge of。6. 去掉a，“身体健康”可用固定词组be in good health来表示。7. 把take改为pick，因为“用车接载某人”用pick sb. up这一词组。8. 在effort前面加an，或把effort改成efforts，因为“努力做某事”可以用词组make an effort to do sth.或者make efforts to do sth.来表示。9. 把him改为himself，因dress oneself 意为“某人自己穿衣服”。10. 在what前面加of，因为make sense of表示“理解”，而make sense则是“有意义；说得通”之意。‎ ‎ Day 40改错题常考的错误 短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：‎ ‎1.‎ ‎ 形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。名词的单复数误用。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。Many 与much的区别 much修饰不可数名词或动词，many修饰可数名词复数。常考的不可数名词有progress进步,time(时间)，1.water 水 2.paper 纸 3.exercise 锻炼 4.information 信息 5.news 新闻6.food食物 7.fruit水果 8.mutton羊肉 9.beef牛肉 10. snow雪11.chicken鸡肉 12.salad沙拉 13.housework家务 14.juice 果汁15.ice 冰冻食品16,tea茶 17.waste废物18.powder 粉19.rain 雨水20.wind 风21.hair 头发22.rice米饭 23.population人口 24.bread面包 25.milk 牛奶26.coke 可乐27.money 钱28.jam 果酱29.honey 蜂蜜30.chocolate 巧克力31.fish鱼肉 32.meat 肉33.space 空间34. advice 建议35.ink 墨水36.salt 盐37.cake 蛋糕38.change 找零39.homework家庭作业40.traffic 交通41.peace 和平42.anger 愤怒43.courage 勇气44.energy 能量45.fear 恐怖 46.fun 有趣 乐趣47.health 健康48.time 时间 49.sand 沙子50.weather天气51.pressure压力 ‎3. 代词的误用。如you与your，he与she,it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格（如me）与反身代词（如myself）等的误用。4.介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。because 加从句，because of 加名词、代词或者动名词。‎ Because you,I made progress.要在because和you之间加of 5.时态的错误。看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。E.g. Yesterday was wonderful. I watch a movie and played football.要把watch改成watched。6.连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，however 与therefore的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。‎ 连词 and改成but I don’t want to go with them, and I’m afraid that I will lose their friendship. but改成and I want to play football, but I also want to play basketball.‎ 第三人称单数后的动词形式。E.g. She have a plan to study. 主语是she所以谓语动词have要改成单数has8.一些固定结构的误用。如so.。。that被误用作very.。。that，too.。。to被误用very.。。to，as.。。as被误作so.。。as等。还要注意so...that..与such..that的区别啦。I am very excited that I can’t say a word now.怎么改呢？9.定语从句中，which，who, that，when，where等混淆不清。She is a singer, which sings many songs.怎么改呢？10.一些常用词，如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆。 what修饰名词，how修饰adj./adv. 11.非谓语动词 to do, doing ,done，to be done, having done