【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空专题10篇训练之五学案（18页word版含有解析）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空专题10篇训练之五学案（18页word版含有解析）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空专题10篇训练之五 ‎【1】‎ Summer is almost here,and the weather is heating up.1.you drink enough water every day?Many kids don’t,according to a new study 2.　　　　　　　　(publish) in the American Journal of Public Health. ‎ Erica Kenney,a 3.　　　　　　　(science) at Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health,originally planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks that kids were consuming in schools.However,4.she was doing the research,she noticed that many kids were 5.　　　　　　　(simple) not drinking enough water. ‎ Kenney and her team examined figures from a group of 4,000 children aged from 6 to 19,between the years of 2009 and 2012.While looking through the survey results,she 6.(find) that more than half of the kids were dehydrated(脱水的).‎ A lack 7.　　　　　water can lead to health problems such as headaches,poor physical performance,and even more serious problems.Your body needs more water when you are in hot climates,when you are physically active,and when you have a fever. ‎ Kenney said,“8.　　　　　is good news that this public health problem has a simple solution.If we can focus on encouraging kids 9.(drink) more water — a low-cost,sugar-free drink — we can improve their drinking habits,which may allow many kids to feel 10.　　　　　　　　(great) throughout the day and do better in school.” ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,一项调查表明,许多在校的孩子没有喝足够的水,超过半数的孩子处于脱水状态。‎ ‎1.Do　考查一般疑问句和时态。根据该句中的“you drink enough water every day”可以判断,该句为一般疑问句,且问的是经常发生的动作,故用一般现在时,故可知答案。‎ ‎2.published　考查过去分词。a new study和动词publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3.scientist　考查名词。根据该句中的不定冠词a可知,该处用名词,表示“一位科学家”。‎ ‎4.when/while/as　考查状语从句的引导词。根据该句中的进行时态“she was doing the research”并结合语境可以判断,此处表示“当她进行研究时,她注意到许多孩子根本没有喝足量的水”。when/while/as都表示 ‎“当……时候”。‎ ‎5.simply　考查副词。空处修饰动词,故用副词形式。‎ ‎6.found　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“the kids were”并结合语境可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎7.of　考查固定搭配。a lack of为固定搭配,意为“缺乏”。‎ ‎8.It　考查代词。分析该句结构可知,该句为包含that引导的主语从句的主从复合句,It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎9.to drink　考查动词不定式。encourage sb.to do sth.为固定搭配,故此处用动词不定式。‎ ‎10.greater　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知,空处与此对应,应用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎【2】‎ My husband and I were paying a visit 1.　　　　　my parents in Tucson.We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together.My husband went to the counter 2.　　　　　　　(order) dishes and I stood with my parents. ‎ My dad was 90 years old.He could hardly see very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant,3.(wait) to sit at the first table that was 4.(convenient) than others.A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her.With a 5.(puzzle) look on my face,I pointed to myself and said,“Me?”She 6.　　　　　　　(nod) and said,“Yes,you.”I walked to the table and she said,“Bring your family here.I can finish eating at the counter.My son is in 7.　　　　　hurry to leave anyway.”My eyes 8.(fill) with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat. ‎ I always believe that there are 9.　　　　　　　　(nature) kind people in this world.This woman has set a good example to her son,10.　　　　　is a really lucky guy. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫以及“我”的父母在一家饭店准备就餐,“我”的父亲九十高龄,行动不便,一位女士主动让座,这让“我”感到了世界的美好。‎ ‎1.to　考查介词。句意:我和我的丈夫去Tucson拜访我的父母。pay a visit to sb.为固定搭配,意为“拜访某人”。‎ ‎2.to order　考查动词不定式。“我”的丈夫去柜台订餐,我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的,故用动词不定式。‎ ‎3.waiting　考查动词-ing形式。分析该句结构可知,空处和句子谓语动词之间无连词,应用非谓语动词;I与wait之间为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎4.more convenient　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知,空处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎5.puzzled　考查形容词。空处修饰“look”,表示人的表情,故用形容词puzzled。‎ ‎6.nodded　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“said”可知,这里陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎7.a　考查不定冠词。in a hurry为固定搭配,意为“匆忙”,故用不定冠词。‎ ‎8.were filled　考查时态和语态。该句主语为My eyes,和动词fill之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9.naturally　考查副词。空处修饰形容词kind,故用副词naturally。‎ ‎10.who　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为her son,故用who。‎ ‎【3】‎ Many of Van Gogh’s paintings were inspired by warm,yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways.His painting Sunflowers,for example,1.(fill) with vivid yellows and browns.These colors give 2.　　　　　painting a feeling of warmth and well-being.However,the sunflowers are actually dead and dying. ‎ The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved 3.　　　　　the feelings of sadness that were all around him.It is a painting that is warm,beautiful and sad all at the same time. ‎ Van Gogh’s most famous painting,The Starry Night,takes this 4.　　　　　　　(mix) of joy and sadness one step further.It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows 5.　　　　　　　represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he 6.　　　　　　　　(paint),rather than what he was actually seeing. ‎ This is why Van Gogh’s 7.　　　　　　(image) in his painting ‎ look more imagined than real.The stars and moon in The Starry Night are 8.　　　　　　　　(unusual) bright,9.(they) light swirling(旋动) above the darkening hills.A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night,10.　　　　　　　　　(interrupt) its beauty. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了凡·高作品的艺术特点。‎ ‎1.is filled　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句缺少谓语,主语是His painting Sunflowers,谓语动词应用单数,且此处表示一种客观事实,应用一般现在时,再结合固定搭配be filled with可知,填is filled。‎ ‎2.the　考查冠词。前面提到了Sunflowers这幅画,此处表特指,应用the。‎ ‎3.with　考查介词。固定搭配combine...with...意为“把……和……结合”,符合语境。‎ ‎4.mixture　考查名词。动词后面接名词作宾语。‎ ‎5.which/that　考查定语从句。本句是定语从句。先行词是物,且从句中缺少主语。‎ ‎6.was painting　考查时态。下文的“rather than what he was actually ‎ seeing”表明此处也应该用过去进行时。‎ ‎7.images　考查名词的数。他作品中的形象不止一个,且根据谓语动词look可知,应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎8.unusually　考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词。‎ ‎9.their　考查代词。名词前需要使用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎10.interrupting　考查动词-ing形式。interrupt与句子主语是主谓关系,且空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接,所以用动词-ing形式作状语。‎ ‎【4】‎ We all know that the Friday after Thanksgiving means a mad dash to the shopping centre for ridiculous sales.But how did this bargain shopping get 1.　　　　　(it) start? ‎ The first Black Friday actually had nothing 2.(do) with Thanksgiving or shopping.The origin of Black Friday as we know it today started in Philadelphia during the 1950s and 1960s.Crowds of people would come to town the day after Thanksgiving for the annual Army-Navy football game 3.　　　　　　　(hold) the following ‎ Saturday.Streets and 4.　　　　　　(store) were always crowded,which was great for business but made easy-pickings for shoplifters(行窃者).Local police called this“Black Friday”.Not only did they have to deal with extra traffic 5.shoplifting,but they had to work extra hours and couldn’t request the day off. ‎ The term didn’t go national 6.　　　　　　the late 1980s,but the 7.　　　　　　　　(explain) changed.While shopkeepers 8.　　　　　　　　(general) suffered financial losses most of the year,the increase of holiday shoppers marked the first day of real profit.In traditional accounting(会计)practices a few years ago,losses 9.(record) in red ink,and profits in black ink.And so,the day after Thanksgiving,10.companies go“into the black”and make a profit,became Black Friday. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了黑色星期五的起源。‎ ‎1.its　考查代词。根据空后的名词start可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎2.to do　考查固定用法。have nothing to do with意为“与……没有关系”,为固定用法。‎ ‎3.to be held　考查非谓语动词。game与hold之间是动宾关系,故此处可用to be held。‎ ‎4.stores　考查名词复数。store作“商店”讲时,为可数名词,根据前面的Streets可知,空处用复数形式。‎ ‎5.and　考查连词。extra traffic与shoplifting是并列的,所以用and连接。‎ ‎6.until　考查固定用法。not...until...表示“直到……才”。‎ ‎7.explanation　考查名词。因为前面是the且空处作主语,所以用名词形式。‎ ‎8.generally　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎9.were recorded　考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语a few years ago可知,应用一般过去时;record与losses之间是动宾关系,所以应用被动语态。‎ ‎10.when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填when。‎ ‎【5】‎ Located in the northwest of Hunan Province,about 300 kilometers away from Changsha,capital of Hunan,Zhangjiajie,1.covers a total area of 9,563 square kilometers,is a tourist city for its unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources.Zhangjiajie 2.　　　　　　　　(award) the title of“World Geological Park”in 2004.3.(actual),Zhangjiajie,honored as“the most fantastic mountain under heaven”and“a walking Chinese landscape painting”,is also widely praised as “4.enlarged potted landscaping”“a mini fairyland”and“a maze(迷宫)of nature”,attracting a growing number of tourists 5.home and abroad. ‎ Since it was discovered in the 1980s,tourism industry 6.(become) the leading industry in Zhangjiajie,which has stimulated the development of other industries 7.(relate) to tourism.At the same time,eco-tourism has been developed rapidly in Zhangjiajie.When you come to Zhangjiajie,you can fully appreciate 8.(it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist 9.　　　　　　　(activity),and you will be deeply impressed by 10.　　　　　　is performed by the minorities there. ‎ It must be an exciting,joyful and unforgettable tour to Zhangjiajie.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了湖南张家界的地理位置、荣誉称号、旅游业的发展等情况。‎ ‎1.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Zhangjiajie,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which。‎ ‎2.was awarded　考查动词的时态和语态。主语Zhangjiajie和动词award之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据该句中的时间状语“in 2004”可知,应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3.Actually　考查副词。空处修饰整个句子,故用副词形式。‎ ‎4.an　考查冠词。根据语境可知,该处泛指“一幅放大的缩略风景画”,空后的enlarged的读音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎5.from/at　考查介词。这里指“吸引了来自国内外的大量游客”,故用from或at。‎ ‎6.has become　考查时态。根据该句中的“Since”可知,空处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。‎ ‎7.related　考查非谓语动词。名词industries和动词relate 之间是动宾关系,且be related to为固定搭配,故用过去分词作名词的后置定语。‎ ‎8.its　考查代词。根据该句中的“magnificent natural scenery”可知,应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎9.activities　考查名词的数。张家界景点的旅游活动有多种,故用复数形式。‎ ‎10.what　考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作介词by的宾语,且空处在从句中作主语,故用what。‎ ‎【6】‎ In my early twenties,I worked in Kuwait(科威特)for several years.One day,a local workmate warned us of a 1.(come) sandstorm.I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like 2.　　　　　　I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.I received an 3.(amaze) look because he thought I was crazy.A Chinese workmate joined me.We stepped off our factory building 4.　　　　　our eyes half closed,our mouths closed and our faces covered.We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even 5.(far). ‎ Passing through several streets,we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later,I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes 6.　　　　　(wide) open.It was time for dinner and 7.was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.So we went inside a small shop,8.I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food.I was happy that 9.sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory,safe.This was the first time I 10.(experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者和一位中国同事不顾其他同事的劝告走出工厂去体验沙尘暴的经历。‎ ‎1.coming　考查形容词。空处修饰名词sandstorm,故用形容词形式,此处表示“即将到来的沙尘暴”。coming为形容词,意为“即将来临的”。‎ ‎2.so/and　考查连词。句意:我从来没有看过沙尘暴是什么样子,(所以)我告诉他我要出去亲自看看。根据空处语境可知,空处前后句之间为并列关系或因果关系。‎ ‎3.amazed　考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”,形容人的表情,故用amazed。‎ ‎4.with　考查介词。根据空后的“our eyes half closed,our mouths closed and our faces covered”可以判断,该句使用了with的复合结构“with sth.done”。‎ ‎5.farther/further　考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断,此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”,故用far的比较级。‎ ‎6.wide　考查副词。空处修饰形容词open,故用副词形式;wide本身就有副词词性,意为“完全地”。注意:此处不能填widely,widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。‎ ‎7.it　考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知,句中that引导的从句为真正的主语,空处是形式主语,故用it。‎ ‎8.where　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为shop,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。‎ ‎9.the　考查冠词。该处特指上文提及的sandstorm,故用定冠词the。‎ ‎10.had experienced　考查动词的时态。根据“This was the first time”可知,从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎ 【9】‎ Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes 1.she didn’t ‎ even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.The woman from Baipu County,Jiangsu Province,2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(make) shoes since she was 19 years old,and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes. ‎ She spends the entire day in her tiny studio,which 3.(measure) less than 10 square meters altogether,filled with cloth shoes in 4.　　　　　　　(variety) stages of completion. ‎ Nowadays,many stores make cloth shoes 5.　　　　　　(use) machines,but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely 6.　　　　　hand.She says the shoes 7.(produce) by machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones.The handmade cloth shoes are more durable(耐用的)and comfortable,8.　　　　　　　(soft),and absorb sweat better. ‎ Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia(怀旧),while others trust 9.　　　　　　(they) quality.Making shoes isn’t a profitable job,but Qiang still insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation. ‎ Handmade cloth shoes are also called qiancengdi (shoes with a thousand layers),10.　　　　　　can date back to the ancient Zhou ‎ Dynasty.In 2009,the making technique of qiancengdi was listed as the national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产). ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文通过讲述江苏的Qiang Shuping在端午节期间忙着做布鞋的故事向我们介绍了已经被列入国家非物质文化遗产的手工布鞋的特点和历史。‎ ‎1.that　考查固定句型。句意:Qiang Shuping忙着做布鞋以至于甚至在端午节假期期间她都没有休息。so...that...为固定句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ ‎2.has been making　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“since she was 19 years old”并结合语境可知,她从19岁开始做布鞋,一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎3.measures　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“She spends the entire day”可知,空处应用一般现在时;which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为studio,且measure在此处用作连系动词,应用主动形式表被动意义,故用measures。‎ ‎4.various　考查形容词。空处修饰名词stages,故用形容词形式。‎ ‎5.using　考查动词-ing形式。主语many stores和动词use 之间为主谓关系,use的动作伴随make的动作而发生,故用动词-ing形式。‎ ‎6.by　考查介词。此处指“完全用手工制鞋”,by hand意为“用手工”,为固定用法。‎ ‎7.produced　考查过去分词。名词shoes和produce之间是动宾关系,该处表示动作已经完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8.softer　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“more durable (耐用的) and comfortable”及空后的“absorb sweat better”可知,此处应用比较级。‎ ‎9.their　考查代词。根据空后的的名词“quality”可知,空处修饰该名词,故用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎10.which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为qiancengdi,故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎ 【10】‎ We want everyone to respect us.Do we respect everyone around us?The answer is a big NO!We don’t respect 1.we think is better than us,we don’t respect poor and old people,and we don’t respect who we feel is less better 2.　　　　　　us.So how can we win respect?The easiest way 3.　　　　　　(gain) respect is by giving respect. ‎ Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible.Don’t use bad ‎ language.Being 4.　　　　　　　(help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and 5.(win) respect as well.With patience and practice,you can get any kind of virtue. ‎ Flowers are the main 6.　　　　　　　　　(attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.Life is terrible 7.　　　　　　　　respect.Just think whenever you go to a party,everyone there is not treated equally.Do you know why?Because of 8.(they) manners. ‎ Why are we not treated sometimes as 9.(expect)? Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us.Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect.‎ Without respect,you can’t live.You need respect everywhere,in life,in work,in society or in family.A respected person 10.(speak) politely.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文,探讨了尊重与被尊重之间的关系并告诉我们应该如何赢得他人的尊重。‎ ‎1.who　考查连接词。空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,‎ 且主语是人,we think是插入语,不影响句子结构,故应填who。‎ ‎2.than　考查介词。根据空前的“better”可知,此处为比较级,故应填介词than。‎ ‎3.to gain　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作后置定语,修饰名词way,故填to gain。‎ ‎4.helpful　考查形容词。由“Being”可知,此处应填一个形容词,故填形容词形式helpful。‎ ‎5.winning　考查动词-ing形式。介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语,故此处用winning作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎6.attraction　考查词性转换。根据空前的the main和空后的of可推知,此处应填一个名词,故用名词形式attraction。‎ ‎7.without　考查介词。根据上文的“respect is the beauty of life”可推知,没有尊重的生活是可怕的,故用介词without,后跟名词respect,表示“如果没有尊重”。‎ ‎8.their　考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词manners,在句子中作定语。‎ ‎9.expected　考查固定搭配。as expected为固定搭配,意为“正如所想的那样”。‎ ‎10.speaks　考查时态和主谓一致。全文时态为一般现在时,故此处也用一般现在时,且主语A respected person为第三人称单数,故用speaks。‎