【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题3完形填空文体3说明文

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题3完形填空文体3说明文

第一编　专题三　文体3　(二)‎ 真题题组 ‎1‎ ‎(2015·安徽)‎ In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one. The __1. D__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2. B__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. ‎ How did we __3. B__ a throwaway society？ First of all，it is now easier to __4. C__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. __5. A__ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and __6. C__ . ‎ Another cause is our __7. A__ of disposable (一次性的) products. As __8. D__ people，we are always looking for __9. A__ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies __10. C__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few. ‎ Our appetite for new products also __11. D__ to the problem. We are __12. B__ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that __13. A__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we __14. D__ useful possessions to make room for new ones. ‎ All around the world，we can see the __15. D__ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To __16. C__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17. B__ ，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. __18. A__ ，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. ‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions __19. D__ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20. A__ . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. ‎ 文章大意：本文是说明文。本文讲述了为什么我们的社会变成了一个垃圾成山、一次性物品充斥的社会，同时指出要保护环境、解决这一问题，除了回收资源以外，人们更应该改变的是消费习惯。‎ ‎❶　A．key B．reason C．project D．problem 解析：下文语境题。根据第一段末句中的“because people. . . than ever before”可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的问题。‎ ‎❷　A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products 解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的原因状语从句“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知答案。‎ ‎❸　A．face B．become C．observe D．change 解析：下文语境题。文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。‎ ‎❹　A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw 解析：下文语境题。因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide“隐藏”；control“控制”；replace“取代”；withdraw“提取”。‎ ‎❺　A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of 解析：下文语境题。由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。‎ ‎❻　A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful 解析：上文语境题。由上一句中的“produce products quickly and inexpensively”可知。‎ ‎❼　A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division 解析：下文语境题。由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。‎ ‎❽　A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy 解析：语义逻辑题。为什么要节约时间？是因为人们比较忙。‎ ‎❾　A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends 解析：语义逻辑题。忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法。‎ 　A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve 解析：语义逻辑题。公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产一次性产品。‎ 　A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes 解析：下文语境题。由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to“适应”；return to“返回”；respond to“对……作出反应”；contribute to“有助于……”。‎ 　A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for 解析：上文语境题。根据前句“我们对新产品的欲望也会引起这个问题”，以及后句“we will be happier with the latest products”推理可知。‎ 　A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger 解析：下文语境题。根据空后的“we will be happier with the latest products”可知此处表示“越新越好”。‎ 　A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away 解析：固定搭配题。make room for new ones“为新东西腾出空间”，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢？‎ 　A．advantages B．purposes ‎ C．functions D．consequences 解析：下文语境题。根据后句“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger”可知此处指的是“这种抛弃型的生活方式造成的后果”。‎ 　A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure 解析：下文语境题。根据后句中的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”和文章最后一句中的“. . . to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment”可知。‎ 　A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands 解析：参见上题解析。‎ 　A．However B．Otherwise ‎ C．Therefore D．Meanwhile 解析：下文语境题。根据下一段内容以及空格后的“this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem”推理可知空格前后应为转折关系。‎ 　A．by B．in favour of ‎ C．after D．instead of 解析：语义逻辑题。维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此可知答案。‎ 　A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising 解析：上文逻辑题。根据前句中的“to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away”以及后句中的“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits. . . ”可知。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2015·浙江)‎ Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I’ve watched one friend after another land high－ranking，high－paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员)with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now __1. D__ on their way to impressive careers. By society’s __2. B__ ，they seem to have it made. ‎ On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind，many had a __3. A__ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with longtime roommates，and __4. B__ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __5. C__ a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. ‎ The thing is，a number of them have __6. C__ that despite their success，they aren’t happy. Some __7. A__ of unfriendly co－workers and feel sad for eight－hour workweeks devoted to tasks they __8. B__ . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and __9. D__ . However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the __10. C__ to which they have so quickly become __11. A__ . ‎ People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and __12. A__ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they __13. D__ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：it’s __14. C__ . They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款)to __15. D__ ，retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something __16. A__ in their lives，but it’s __17. A__ to step off the track. ‎ In a society that tends to __18. A__ everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our __19. D__ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs __20. B__ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. ‎ 文章大意：本文讲述了金钱不能代表一切，享受高薪的人并不一定幸福。‎ ‎❶　A．much B．never C．seldom D．well 解析：副词词义辨析。根据上文 I’ve watched one friend after another land high－ranking，high－paying Wall Street jobs. 可知我的朋友都有了很好的工作。故这里意为“他们作为银行、顾问公司等的高级管理人员，在令人钦佩的职业生涯中走得很顺利(well)”。be well ‎ on one’s way 意为“在……的路上进展顺利”。much “很多”，never“从不”，seldom“很少”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎❷　A．policies B．standards C．experiments D．regulations 解析：名词辨析。由上文可知“我”的朋友们在很多领域担任要职，有很好的工作。故这里意为“从社会的标准(standards)看来，他们似乎很成功”。policy“政策”，experiment“实验”，regulation“规则，规章”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎❸　A．last B．least C．second D．best 解析：考查语境理解。根据前文 As they left student life behind 和后面的 shook hands with longtime roommates 可知这里在描述当他们离开学生生活时候的场景，即他们会在当地的热情待客的廉价酒吧喝最后的(last)一杯酒。least“最少的”，second“第二的”，best“最好的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。 ‎ ‎❹　A．cycled B．moved C．slid D．looked 解析：动词词义辨析。由上文 As they left student life behind 可知这里在讲述他们离开学生生活的情景，故这里意为“他们从小公寓搬(moved)出，住到高楼大厦里”。cycle“循环”，slide“滑”，look“看”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎❺　A．shared B．paid C．equaled D．collected 解析：考查语境和动词词义辨析。根据后文 They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. 可知这里在对比离开校园前后的生活。这里意为“他们会预定酒店，在那里一瓶酒的价格和大学时期一个月的租金相等(equaled)”。share “分享”，pay “支付”，collect “收集”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎❻　A．advertised B．witnessed C．admitted D．demanded 解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. 可知这些人在表面上看起来很幸运。根据本段内容可知这里是在转折。本句意为“问题是，他们中的许多人都承认(admitted)尽管他们成功，但他们并不开心”。advertise“通知”，witness“目击”，demand“要求”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎❼　A．complain B．dream C．hear D．approve 解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 they aren’t happy 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人抱怨(complain)同事的不友好”。dream“梦想”，hear“‎ 听到，听说”，approve“证明”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎❽　A．distribute B．hate C．applaud D．neglect 解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文 they aren’t happy 和 feel sad 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人会对八小时的工作时间都致力于他们讨厌(hate)的任务感到难过”。distribute“分配”，applaud“赞同”，neglect“忽视”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎❾　A．calm B．guilty C．warm D．empty 解析：形容词词义辨析。根据前文 they aren’t happy 可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。and 连接两个并列的成分，故划线处应和 tired 意思相近。本句意为“一些人不尊重他们为之工作的公司，感到累和空虚(empty)”。calm “冷静的”，warm “温暖的”，不符合文意。guilty “愧疚的”，这里不能推断出他们感到愧疚，只是对自己的工作不满意，故不正确。故正确答案为D。‎ 　A．family B．government C．lifestyle D．project 解析：名词词义辨析。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们会花高价去餐厅，买很贵的车，他们并不是因为热爱而投入到工作中，而是用工作来支撑这种生活方式(lifestyle)。government “政府”，project “项目”，不符合文意。family“家庭”，本文并没有提到工作对家人的意义，“来支撑家庭”不符合文意。故正确答案为C。‎ 　A．accustomed B．appointed C．unique D．available 解析：考查语境理解。accustomed “习惯的”，appointed“指定的，约定的”，unique“独特的”，available“有效的，可获得的，可利用的”。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们并不是因为对工作的热情而工作，而是用工作来支撑一种生活方式，这种方式他们已经习惯(accustomed)了，A项符合文意。故正确答案为A。‎ 　A．yet B．also C．instead D．rather 解析：副词词义辨析。结合空格处前半句“People often speak of trying a more satisfying path”可知，很多人想要尝试新的生活方式，而后文中提到“always leads them to the same conclusion. . . They have loans，bills. . . ”可知，最终他们的期望落空，前后句之间是转折关系，yet “然而”符合文意。also“也”，instead“相反”，rather“宁可”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。‎ 　A．let out B．turn in ‎ C．give up D．believe in ‎ 解析：动词词义辨析。他们尝试更令人满意的途径，也就是他们想要为一些自己坚信(believe in)的东西而努力，或者换一份能够有更多时间与家人相处的工作。let out“释放”，turn in“上交，归还”，give up“放弃”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。‎ 　A．fundamental B．practical C．impossible D．unforgettable 解析：考查语境理解。结合后一句“They have loans，bills，a mortgage”可知，尽管他们想要放弃在华尔街的工作，想要过自己喜欢的生活，但由于贷款账单等等问题，想要换工作的想法最终是不可能的(impossible)。fundamental“根本性的”，practical “实用的”，unforgettable“难忘的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。 ‎ 　A．take off B．drop off C．put off D．pay off 解析：动词词组辨析。take off “起飞，脱下”；drop off“减少，睡着”；put off“延期”；pay off“偿还，付清”。结合空格前的“loans，bills，a mortgage”可知，此处意为“他们还有贷款和账单要(偿还)”。故正确答案为D。‎ 　A．missing B．inspiring C．sinking D．shining 解析：考查语境理解。结合前文所述，这些华尔街的工作者们虽然过着外表光鲜的生活，然而他们却不开心，有些人想要“leaving their jobs to work for something they believe in or finding a position that would give them more time with their families”，却最终失败。因此可推知，此处意为“他们意识到在他们的生命中，有些东西缺失了(missing)”。inspiring“鼓舞人心的”，sinking“下沉的”，shining“闪烁的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。‎ 　A．harmful B．hard C．useful D．normal 解析：形容词词义辨析。此处意为“虽然他们发现自己的生命中缺少了某些东西，但是想要脱离现状去追求却很难(hard)”。harmful“有害的”；useful“有用的”；normal“正常的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。‎ 　A．measure B．suffer C．digest D．deliver 解析：考查语境理解。结合后半句中的“in terms of dollars and cents” 即“以美元和美分计算”，可推知此处意为“在一个倾向于用美元和美分来衡量(measure)一切的社会中”。suffer“遭受，忍受”；digest“消化”；deliver“配送”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。 ‎ 　A．disasters B．motivations C．campaigns D．decisions 解析：名词词义辨析。结合这一段第一句 “In a . . . everything in terms of dollars and cents” 可知，此处意为“我们很小的时候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们的决定(decisions)所带来的得失”。disaster “灾难”；motivation“动力”；campaign “运动，战役”；均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。‎ 　A．assessed B．involved C．covered D．reduced 解析：动词词义辨析。前一句提到“我们很小的时候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们所做出的决定会带来的得失”，由后句开始的 But 一词可知前后两句形成对照关系。故可推知，后句意为“那么，为了追逐金钱超过追求人生意义本身而涉及到的(involved)个人代价和社会代价是怎样的呢？”assess“评估”；cover“覆盖，涵盖”；reduce“减少”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎3‎ ‎(2015·广东)‎ How long can human beings live？Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is __1. A__ to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is __2. D__ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years！Yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce __3. C__ . They wear out，and as a result，we get old and __4. A__ die. ‎ Even though we can’t live forever，we are living a __5. B__ life than ever before. In 1900，the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years，but today it is 75 years！‎ When does old age begin then？Sixty－five may be out－of－date as the __6. D__ line between middle age and old age. After all，many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental __7. C__ until after age 75. ‎ People are living longer because more people __8. A__ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature，many children died of common childhood __9. D__ . Now that the chances of dying __10. B__ are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. ‎ On the whole，our population is getting older. The __11. A__ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse，while some see __12. B__ ，not disaster. Today，many men and women in their “golden years”are healthy，still active，and young in __13. A__ if not in age. ‎ As our society grows old，we need the __14. C__ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them，they need to __15. D__ active and be devoted. ‎ 文章大意：‎ 这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。‎ ‎❶　A．designed 　 B．selected C．improved D．discovered 解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed设计；selected选择，挑选；improved提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。‎ ‎❷　A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely 解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命——如果他/她非常健康和幸运。completely完全地；generally一般地；apparently显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110 岁。故选D。‎ ‎❸　A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately 解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境地再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly无害地；endlessly无止境地；separately分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。‎ ‎❹　A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately 解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：它们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎❺　A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier 解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久地活着，但我们的寿命比以前更长了。busier更忙的；longer更长的；richer更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。‎ ‎❻　A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing 解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当作中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。‎ ‎❼　A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰弱。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰退的，故选C。‎ ‎❽　A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value 解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长是因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value重视，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。‎ ‎❾　A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前，人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，导致平均寿命比较短。故选D。‎ 　A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet 解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更大了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。‎ 　A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will. . . 可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。‎ 　A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 优点，长处；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。‎ 　A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，活动积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻。故选A。‎ 　A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。由结尾处的devoted(献身的)可推测出本题答案。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。故选C。‎ 　A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay 解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像，出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。‎ 模拟题组 ‎1‎ ‎(2018·甘肃省兰州市诊断考试)‎ When your child is supposed to be doing homework are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games？ Many studies have shown that multitasking—doesn’t __1. D__ ， __2. B__ your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things __3. A__ ！ Many people believe that they can __4. C__ two or more tasks at the same time，but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is __5. A__ . The reality is that multitasking __6. A__ poor job performance. ‎ New handheld __7. C__ such as smartphones，iPads，games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and __8. D__ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task __9. A__ ，such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “ __10. B__ ，the brain actually __11. B__ kids for multitasking even though your child’s performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don’t know that they are doing __12. D__ because they feel better when they multitask，”says Dr. Edward Hallowell. __13. A__ the appearance of handheld devices and social networking sites，teachers have noticed a difference in __14. D__ performance，critical thinking skills and how information is __15. B__ . “ Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and __16. A__ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的)，to tune out and switch __17. D__ to Facebook or ‎ using their cell phones __18. B__ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long __19. A__ ，multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do __20. C__ on tests，resulting in lower grades. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响。‎ ‎❶ A．play B．understand C．use D．work 解析：根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并没有什么效果。work“有效，起作用”。‎ ‎❷　A．only if B．even though C．so that D．no wonder 解析：根据语境可知，空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，even though“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。‎ ‎❸　A．at once B．right away C．in no time D．at random 解析：根据下文中的“Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once“一起，同时”。‎ ‎❹　A．advocate B．deal C．perform D．prefer 解析：根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform“做，执行，履行”。‎ ‎❺ A．impossible B．important C．impatient D．impolite 解析：根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的。故A项正确。‎ ‎❻　A．results in B．results from C．exists in D．exists from 解析：根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in“导致，造成”。‎ ‎❼ A．designs B．discoveries C．equipment D．evidence 解析：根据空后的“smartphones，iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文 __13__ 空后的“handheld devices”也是信息提示。‎ ‎❽　A．attract B．draw C．pay D．share 解析：根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。‎ ‎❾　A．at hand B．on time C．on schedule D．at times 解析：根据空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand“在手边”。‎ 　A．Uncertainly B．Unfortunately C．Universally D．Undoubtedly 解析：根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。‎ 　A．remains B．rewards C．regards D．reflects 解析：根据空后的“even though”可知，空处与worse形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward“奖赏，报答”。‎ 　A．better B．well C．bad D．worse 解析：根据上文中的”gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。‎ 　A．Since B．Before C．When D．While 解析： 结合空后现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导状语从句。‎ 　A．accidental B．accurate C．accessible D．academic 解析：根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic“学术的”。‎ 　A．produced B．processed C．possessed D．promoted 解析：根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这 些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process “处理”。‎ 　A．tend B．attend C．intend D．pretend 解析：根据空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a difficult to understand’‎ ‎ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth. “往往会发生某事”。‎ A．out B．on C．off D．over 解析：根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to“转向”。‎ 　A．except for B．rather than C．more than D．apart from 解析：根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than“而不是”。 ‎ 　A．run B．walk C．journey D．distance 解析：in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”，符合语境。‎ A．hardly B．successfully C．poorly D．mildly 解析：根据空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2018·陕西省教学质检二)‎ As farm kids，my siblings(兄弟姐妹) and I were expected to work hard and do our jobs. We knew no better，so didn’t really __1. A__ it—at least until we were young teenagers and wondered why our friends had so much more __2. C__ time than us. ‎ That ability to depend on myself has __3. D__ me very well through life. The independence and self－reliance not only __4. B__ my physical abilities，it also came to shape me __5. A__ ，too. However it can at times，also be a huge __6. C__ to bear. ‎ As my physical strength has been affected by rheumatoid arthritis，a(an) __7. B__ that causes pain and swelling in one or more joints of the body，there have been many lessons for me in learning how to receive help. My health is now much improved compared to __8. D__ it was a couple of years ago，or even last year. Daily challenges do still exist，but I have learned that it is OK to __9. C__ help. ‎ The joy that others receive in lending __10. D__ has made me realize that it is almost selfish not to receive help！ __11. A__ is no need to deny others the pleasure of helping. If we are __12. B__ need，it is __13. B__ OK to ask for assistance. Physical and emotional __14. A__ are strengths，certainly，when used well. But the __15. C__ of independence is unhealthy，unbalanced and unnecessary. ‎ ‎ __16. C__ being a mum，too，I’ve been given lots of lessons on the need to connect，and ‎ to acknowledge that I am __17. B__ and need others to rely on. There are certainly times like this in all of our lives，whether a parent or not. Sometimes life does just get too much. ‎ If we can __18. D__ our need for independence，though，and grow into more interdependence，ease and space do grow. The __19. A__ we are to reach out and be open，the easier life is. It not only gives us emotional __20. C__ ，but it brings joy and stronger connections in our relationships. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。自立自强、不依靠他人的确非常重要，但是当我们遇到困难时，也没有必要硬撑。向他人求助不仅可以让我们的生活更加容易，也为他人带来了帮助别人的乐趣。‎ ‎❶　A．question B．support ‎ C．remember D．forget 解析：考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“why”可知，此处指我们并没有质疑。question意为“询问，质疑”，符合语境。support意为“支持”；remember意为“记住”；forget意为“忘记”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎❷　A．happy B．hard ‎ C．free D．busy 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据第一句“As farm kids，my siblings(兄弟姐妹)and I were expected to work hard and do our jobs. ”可知，我们兄弟姐妹几人被期望努力学习和工作。因此我们的疑问是为何我们的朋友比我们有更多空闲的时间。free意为“空闲的”，符合语境。happy意为“高兴的”；hard意为“难的”；busy意为“忙的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎❸　A．refused B．received ‎ C．found D．served 解析：考查动词辨析。根据下文内容可知，自立自强对“我”的人生很有帮助。serve意为“对……有用”，符合语境。refuse意为“拒绝”；receive意为“收到”；find意为“找到”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎❹　A．astonished B．affected ‎ C．punished D．realized 解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自立自强不仅影响了“我”的体能，还从情感上塑造了我。affect意为“影响”，符合语境。astonish意为“使惊讶”；punish意为“惩罚”；realize意为“实现，意识到”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎❺　A．emotionally B．logically C．physically D．magically 解析：考查副词辨析。由上文中的“physical abilities”和逻辑连词“not only. . . also”可知，此处指还从情感上塑造了“我”。emotionally意为“情感上”‎ ‎，与上文呼应，符合语境。logically意为“逻辑上”；physically意为“身体上”；magically意为“魔法般地”。故答案选A。‎ ‎❻　A．width B．height ‎ C．weight D．depth 解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，它(自立自强)有时也是一种要承受的重担。weight意为“重任，重担”，符合语境。width意为“宽度”；height意为“高度”；depth意为“深度”，均与语境不符，故答案选C。‎ ‎❼　A．accident B．disease ‎ C．disaster D．argument 解析：考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“that causes pain and swelling in one or more joints of the body”可推知，“rheumatoid arthritis”是一种疾病。disease意为“疾病”，符合语境。accident意为“事故”；disaster意为“灾难”；argument意为“争论”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎❽　A．that B．which ‎ C．when D．what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的宾语从句作介词to的宾语；且从句中缺少“was”后的表语，所以应用本身有词义的what来引导此从句。故答案选D。‎ ‎❾　A．give out B．hand out ‎ C．ask for D．hope for 解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据上文的“learning how to receive help”及语境可知，此处指每天的挑战的确仍然存在，但是“我”已经知道可以寻求帮助。ask for意为“请求(给予)”，符合语境。give out意为“分发，用尽”；hand out意为“分发”；hope for意为“希望”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ 　A．a favor B．a chance ‎ C．a room D．a hand 解析：考查固定搭配。根据下文中的“deny others the pleasure of helping”可知，人们在帮助他人时得到的快乐已经让“我”意识到不接受帮助是自私的。lend a hand为固定搭配，意为“帮助”，符合语境。故答案选D。‎ 　A．There B．This ‎ C．It D．That 解析：考查固定句型。固定句型There is no need to do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事”。故答案选A。‎ 　A．on B．in ‎ C．at D．with 解析：考查介词辨析。固定短语in need意为“需要帮助，处于困境”，与下文的“ask for ‎ assistance”相呼应，符合语境。故答案选B。‎ 　A．less than B．more than C．better than D．worse than 解析：考查短语辨析。根据上文可知，如果我们处于困境中，寻求帮助是非常好的。more than意为“非常”，符合语境。less than意为“少于”；better than意为“好于”； worse than意为“坏于”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ 　A．self－reliance B．self－confidence C．self－judgment D．self－defense 解析：考查名词辨析。根据第二段内容可知，自立自强不仅影响了“我”的体能，还从情感上塑造了“我”。由此可知，此处说明身体上和情感上的自力更生是长处。self－reliance意为“自力更生”，符合语境。self－confidence意为“自信”；self－judgment意为“自我判断”；self－defense意为“自卫”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ 　A．overcome B．overestimate C．overuse D．oversleep 解析：考查词义辨析。根据转折连词“But”以及本句中的“unhealthy，unbalanced and unnecessary”可知，此处指过度的自立自强是不健康的、失衡的和不必要的。overuse意为“过度的使用”，与上文中的“when used well”形成对比，符合语境。overcome为动词，意为“克服”；overestimate意为“过高的估计”；oversleep为动词，意为“睡过头”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ 　A．If B．Unless ‎ C．Since D．Until 解析：考查连词辨析。根据语境并结合主句时态可知，此处应用since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”。if意为“如果”；unless意为“除非”；until意为“直到”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ 　A．positive B．weak ‎ C．strong D．honest 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“need others to rely on”可知，此处指承认“我”是脆弱的，需要依赖别人。weak意为“弱的”，符合语境。positive意为“积极的”；strong意为“强壮的”； honest意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ 　A．strengthen B．widen ‎ C．increase D．decrease 解析：考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“grow into more interdependence”可知，此处指减少我们对独立的需要。decrease意为“减少，减小”，符合语境。strengthen意为“加强”；widen意为“变宽”；increase意为“增加”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ 　A．braver B．ruder C．healthier D．more modest 解析：考查形容词辨析。根据上下文可知，此处指我们越是敢于伸出手，开阔心胸，生活就会越惬意。braver意为“更勇敢的”，符合语境。ruder意为“更无礼的”；healthier意为“更健康的”；more modest意为“更谦虚的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ 　A．nervousness B．belief C．relief D．burden 解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指这不仅给了我们情感上的安慰，还给我们带来欢乐并让我们的人际关系更紧密。relief意为“安慰”，符合语境。nervousness意为“紧张”；belief意为“信任，信念”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎3‎ ‎(2018·广州市二模)‎ The way in which children learn is an ever－growing area of research. It is __1. C__ that children differ from adult learners in many ways，but what is interesting is that there are also quite a number of unexpected __2. D__ across learners of all ages. ‎ For much of the 20th century，most psychologists __3. A__ the traditional theory that a newborn’s mind is a(n) __4. B__ sheet of paper upon which the record of experience is gradually impressed. During that time，scientists believed that oral __5. B__ was necessary for abstract thought. In its __6. A__ scientists assumed that a baby could not have __7. C__ of abstract concepts. As babies are born with a(n) __8. C__ range of behaviours and spend most of their early months sleeping，they certainly appear passive and __9. D__ . Therefore，it was commonly thought that babies __10. C__ the ability to form complex ideas. Until recently，there was no obvious way for babies to prove anything to the __11. A__ to the researchers. ‎ In time，however，challenges to this __12. D__ arose. It became clear that with __13. B__ designed scientific procedures，psychologists could find ways to __14. D__ rather complex questions about how much infants and young children know and what __15. B__ they have. Psychologists began to employ new methods to __16. A__ a large amount of data about the remarkable abilities that young children __17. B__ . Their research findings stood in great contrast to the earlier __18. C__ in the field that focused almost __19. A__ on what young children lacked. The __20. D__ of young children came to life through this research. It became clear that very young children are both competent and active when it comes to their mental development. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了关于婴儿和幼儿思维和能力的研究。‎ ‎❶　A．doubtful B．necessary ‎ C．obvious D．surprising 解析：根据语境和常识可知，孩子和成年人的学习方式显然是不同的，故选C。‎ ‎❷　A．examples B．personalities C．possibilities D．commonalities 解析：根据上文中的differ和but可推知，此处表示不同年龄段的学习者之间尽管差异性很大，但也有许多共性(commonalities)。‎ ‎❸　A．accepted B．resisted ‎ C．studied D．replaced 解析：根据下文中“During that time，scientists believed that oral __5__ was necessary for abstract thought”可推知，20世纪大部分时期，大部分心理学家是接受(accepted)这种传统观念的。‎ ‎❹　A．accessible B．blank ‎ C．concrete D．dark 解析：根据下文中的“paper upon which the record of experience is gradually impressed”并结合空前的“a newborn’s mind”可推知，新生儿的大脑是一张白纸，会被经历逐渐填充。故选B。‎ ‎❺　A．agreement B．communication C．suggestion D．treatment 解析：根据空前的“oral”可推知，此处表示口头交流，故选B。‎ ‎❻　A．absence B．disappearance C．return D．sense 解析：此处承接上文“During that time，scientists believed that oral __5__ was necessary for abstract thought”，并结合空后的“scientists assumed that a baby could not have __7__ of abstract concepts”可推知，那些科学家认为，没有口头上的沟通和交流，婴儿是不能理解抽象概念的。absence“缺席，缺乏”符合语境。‎ ‎❼　A．adaption B．imagination C．comprehension D．satisfaction 解析：参见上题解析。comprehension“理解”，符合语境。‎ ‎❽　A．average B．unexpected C．limited D．reasonable 解析：根据下文中的“spend most of their early months sleeping”可推知，婴儿早期的行为是有限的，大部分时间都在睡眠中。limited“有限的”符合语境。‎ ‎❾　A．confident B．unbelievable C．lovely D．unaware 解析：根据空处与passive的并列关系可推知，此处表示婴儿早期因大部分时间都在睡眠中而表现为被动和无意识性。故选D。‎ 　A．learn B．require ‎ C．lack D．remember 解析：根据语境可知，婴儿因为早期睡眠多而呈现出被动和无意识性，因此他们被普遍认为缺乏形成复杂概念的能力。此处与上文中的“In its __6__ ，scientists assumed that a baby could not have __7__ of abstract concepts”和下文中的“Their research findings stood in great contrast to the earlier __18__ in the field that focused almost __19__ on what young children lacked”呼应。lack“缺乏”符合语境。‎ 　A．contrary B．good ‎ C．equal D．truth 解析：根据下文中的“In time，however，challenges to this __12__ arose”可知，先前的这种研究观点一直没有被推翻，因为没有相反的证据，故选A。此处与下文中的“Their research findings stood in great contrast to the earlier __18__ in the field that focused almost __19__ on what young children lacked”呼应。evidence/statements etc. to the contrary“相反的证据/陈述等”为固定搭配。‎ 　A．action B．proof ‎ C．problem D．view 解析：此处表示出现了另外一种与上文提到的不同的观点。view“观点”符合语境。‎ 　A．automatically B．carefully C．naturally D．similarly 解析：根据空后的“designed scientific procedures，psychologists could find ways”可推知，这是精心设计的程序。故选B。‎ 　A．take away B．show off C．turn down D．put forward 解析：根据上文中的“Until recently，there was no obvious way for babies to prove anything to the __11__ to the researchers” “In time. . . arose”可推知，通过精心设计的程序，心理学家可以提出—些复杂的问题。put forward“提出”。‎ 　A．advantages B．abilities C．feelings D．reasons 解析：根据上文中的“Therefore，it was commonly thought that babies __10__ the ability to form complex ideas”和下文中的“abilities that young children __17__ ”可知，心理学家们可以提出一些关于婴儿和幼儿认知程度和其具有(possess)的能力的复杂问题。故选B。‎ 　A．collect B．mark ‎ C．restrict D．support 解析：根据空后的data可推知，此处表示数据的收集。collect“收集”。‎ 　A．find B．possess ‎ C．recognize D．lose 解析：参见第15题解析。possess“具有”。‎ 　A．scientists B．questions ‎ C．studies D．traditions 解析：此处与上文中的“Therefore，it was commonly thought that babies __10__ the ability to form complex ideas”呼应，因此可推知，这一研究与早期的研究结果相反，早期的研究关注的几乎完全(entirely)是幼儿缺乏的方面。故选C。‎ 　A．entirely B．highly ‎ C．relatively D．slightly 解析：参见上题解析。根据almost可推知，entirely“完全地”符合语境。‎ 　A．difference B．focus ‎ C．idea D．mind 解析：根据上文中的“For much of the 20th century，most psychologists __3__ the traditional theory that a newborn’s mind is a(n) __4__ impressed”和下文可知，这一研究证明了婴儿大脑的活跃性。come to life“变得活跃”符合语境。‎