2020届二轮复习七选五阅读指导之三：解题必备能力与答题要领

2020届二轮复习七选五阅读指导之三：解题必备能力与答题要领

‎ 特别关注 | 解题必备能力与答题要领 高考七选五阅读理解一旦出错，往往一错错一串，是特别容易丢分的题型。与完形填空相比，补全短文空缺的是5个句子，无法从句子层面寻找线索，所以分析语篇结构和理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系显得异常重要。‎ 一、解题必备能力 ‎●分析篇章结构的能力 分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前(后)句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。‎ ‎●辨别语境线索的能力 语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段和逻辑关系，如词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。‎ ‎1.词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read，reading，reader，readers。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。‎ ‎2.逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。‎ ‎3.连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and，however(并列关系、转折关系)等。‎ ‎4.指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he，she，they，it。‎ ‎5.同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式结构。‎ 二、解题步骤及要领 ‎●速读文章，了解3类文章基本结构 从近三年全国卷高考试题来看，七选五阅读理解主要为“总—分”结构，少数为“总—分—总”结构，考查文体主要是说明文，议论文和记叙文涉及较少，其基本框架结构为：‎ 文体 结构 说明文 主题段(一般为第1段)→如何做(分条的方法或建议)‎ 议论文 主题段(一般为第1段)→分析现象或问题(分条分析)‎ 记叙文 主题段(一般为第1段)→描述经过→结论段 做题时不要急于作出选择，要花一分钟左右的时间，了解文体和文章的基本结构，这有助于下一步的解题。‎ ‎●根据文章和选项特点，3法缩小答案范围 七选五阅读理解，有七个选项，每个空格就可能有七种选择，这无疑加大了解题的难度，如何缩小答案范围，把待选项范围变少，就显得尤为重要。‎ ‎1.根据文章结构特点，圈定段落主旨句或小标题的答案范围 由于文章基本为总分结构，而且在分条论述的段落中往往都有主旨句或小标题，可以根据主旨句或小标题结构一致的原则，选定大体的选择范围，例如分条论述每段的主旨句都是祈使句，而其中某段的主旨句挖空，那么可以据此判定此空也应该是祈使句。‎ ‎2.根据选项特点，确定某些空格的选项范围 在近几年高考中，有一些试题的部分选项采用从句或介词短语的“非完整句”，考生可以充分利用这一点，迅速圈定某些选项的范围。如某个选项缺少状语从句，那么答案肯定从几个状语从句的选项中选出。‎ ‎3.根据代词指代的特点，含有人称代词的选项一般不能放在段首 段落首句一般不含人称代词(everything，someone等不定代词除外)，根据这一特点可以缩小选择范围。‎ ‎【即时训练】‎ A What happens when you want to go from one place to another，but there’s water in the way？That’s the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City.In the city，there is a natural canal (运河) called the Narrows，separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on the other.‎ But the Narrows isn’t really so narrow.The water is almost a mile wide，and it’s more than 100 feet deep. 1 When they wanted to talk to each other，they climbed into their boats and sailed across.‎ By the late 1800s，circumstances had changed dramatically.Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work. 2 ‎ Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas. 3 Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy.‎ Finally，after World War Ⅱ，there were so many people living in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection.Since tunnels were too expensive，they decided to build a bridge.The design selected had two separate roadways stacked (叠放) on top of each other. 4 Construction，which took five years，was completed in 1964 and cost $320 million.Today about 190，000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day.‎ ‎ 5 But in the case of the Narrows，figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years.‎ A.Sometimes getting from one place to another is very easy.‎ B.Both were quickly abandoned however due to the high costs involved.‎ C.Neither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands.‎ D.It was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster.‎ E.Taking a boat every time was very slow，expensive and，in bad weather，unreliable.‎ F.Both would hang in the air from thick steel cables，supported by two giant steel towers.‎ G.For a long time that wasn’t a problem，because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要讲了纽约市the Narrows两岸的交通问题的解决。‎ ‎1.G　[根据空前一句“The water is almost a mile wide，and it’s more than 100 feet deep”和空后一句“When they wanted to...and sailed across”可推知，G项“很长时间以来那不是一个问题，因为只有一些人住在Brooklyn和Staten Island”符合语境，所以选G项。]‎ ‎2.E　[空前一句是说人口增长意味着有许多人为了工作奔波于两地之间，根据空处下一段可知，人们想要建造一个火车隧道来连接两地；由此可推知，空处应是说乘船往返于两地的缺点，所以选E项。]‎ ‎3.B　[根据空前一句中的“two major efforts”和空后一句“Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy”可知，空处应该是讲两次努力都没有成功，故选B项。]‎ ‎4.F　[根据空前一句中的“two separate roadways stacked(叠放) on top of each other”可知，F项中的“Both”与之呼应，且F项的句意与语境相符，故选F项。]‎ ‎5.A　[根据空后的转折句“But in the case of the Narrows，figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years”可知，空处句子的意思应与此句形成逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“有时从一个地方到另一个地方是很容易的”符合语境。]‎ B ‎(2019·银川高三质量检测)Word travels quickly in the small fishing village of Port Washington，Wisconsin.So when Mardy McGarry wanted to build a playground for kids with special needs，she knew it wouldn’t take long to create interest in the project.But she never expected that a third of the town people would join in it. 1 ‎ ‎“A lot of learning comes through play，” says McGarry，a special education teacher for 28 years.She’d seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks.‎ When a piece of land became available，the city council agreed to choose a part for a playground. 2 She asked many kids for their wish list.She also asked experts for help.And she brought on board her friend Sue Mayer，whose eight-year-old son，Sam，has a serious disease.‎ Her Kiwanis Club chapter came through with $7，000，and that’s when the grassroots movement really got started.One woman gave $25，000 and had her company donate the same amount. 3 There were silent auctions (拍卖) and T-shirt sales.The local Pieper Family Foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170，000 balance if McGarry could raise the rest.The $450，000 covered materials，but the actual construction would cost an additional $900，000.Not a choice.But the community could build it.‎ On September 16，2008，the first day of construction，they came.Two women heard about the project on the radio on the way to work and took the day off to help. 4 Ten-year-olds sanded surfaces.‎ Today，Possibility Playground is one of the most popular destinations in Ozaukee County.There’s a giant pirate ship，a sandbox，monkey bars，swings and so on.‎ ‎ 5 It’s exactly what McGarry wanted.People used to ask why she wanted to build a playground just for children with disabilities.“They didn’t get it.It’s only when you build a playground for children with disabilities that you build one for all children，” she said.‎ A.Soon smaller businesses were helping.‎ B.All children play shoulder to shoulder.‎ C.But her students were too often left out.‎ D.Everyone thought it was really a great wonder.‎ E.A couple in their 80s operated their own trucks.‎ F.McGarry started researching play equipment and contacting design firms.‎ G.They rolled up their sleeves and used their weekdays to bring her idea to life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Mardy McGarry打算为残疾儿童建造一个操场的消息传开后，镇上有三分之一的人过来帮忙。最后在社会各界的帮助下，操场顺利完工。‎ ‎1.G　[根据空前一句可知，她没有料到，镇上有三分之一的人会加入其中，即为孩子们建造一个操场。据此可推知，空处应是继续说明镇上的人帮助她把想法变为现实，故G项符合语境。]‎ ‎2.F　[根据空前一句可知，市政会为操场选址；根据空后一句可知，McGarry询问学生的愿望。据此可推知，空处应是说明她开始调查所需设备，并联系设计公司，故F项正确。]‎ ‎3.A　[根据本段介绍的拍卖会、资金会的捐款等活动可知，A项“很快一些更小型的公司也来帮忙”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.E　‎ ‎[空前一句是说在听到这个消息后，两位女士请假过来帮忙；空后一句是说孩子们也帮忙打磨地面。据此可推知，空处与此对应，应是介绍人们过来帮忙的具体例子，故E项符合语境。]‎ ‎5.B　[根据空处下文中的“you build one for all children”可推知，空处介绍McGarry建造操场想要看到的一幕：所有孩子肩并肩地一起玩耍，故B项正确。]‎ A ‎(2019·东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟)‎ Can creativity be taught？That’s a question without a simple yes or no answer.Creativity may not be able to be taught directly，but what you can get better at is frequently targeting at the circumstances of life which bring the greatest chances for true creative expression. 1 ，but more like something which manifests(显现)itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.‎ Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. 2 .You’ll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.‎ Learn how to be resourceful. 3 .Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well.Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones.You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.‎ Don’t listen to feedback (反馈)and keep following your own path.The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person’s past experience.Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best. 4 .Just don’t let criticism destroy your creativity during the creative process.‎ ‎ 5 .Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that.The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.‎ A.Creativity is not like a lightning strike B.Having a routine is actually not a bad idea C.You can literally do anything you like with them D.Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with E.The more limited your set of tools is，the more creative the output will be F.This is done with good intentions，but it actually hurts your natural creativity G.While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is good ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养创造力的一些方法。‎ ‎1.A　[根据空后的“but more like something which...conditions for it”可知，空处和后面的句子构成一个“not...but...”句型，故A项符合语境。]‎ ‎2.E　[由空前一句“Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital”可知，E项符合语境，承接上文。故选E项。]‎ ‎3.D　[空前一句“Learn how to be resourceful”中的“resourceful”和D项中的“Resourcefulness”相呼应。故选D项。]‎ ‎4.F　[根据该段的主题句“Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path”并结合空前一句“Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best”可知，其他人的反馈意图是好的，但会伤害你的创造力，故选F项。]‎ ‎5.B　[根据文章的结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。本段主要讲的是有一个固定的程序实际上不是一个坏主意。故选B项。]‎ B ‎(2019·山西六校第二次阶段性测试)‎ Schools consume a large amount of energy，which has a bad effect on the environment. 1 ，there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy.Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect.‎ ‎ 2 .Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help to save energy.Turn off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas，such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi-purpose rooms.‎ Use natural light when the sun is bright.It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom.There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. 3 .‎ Set up a recycling station at your school.Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. 4 ，then ask your school principal if you can set one up.‎ Get others involved. 5 .Either as an individual or as a team，you can create and put up signs around your school.Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.‎ A.Post signs about conserving energy B.Whether you are a teacher or a student C.If your school does not have one D.Turn off your computer when it’s not used E.Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use F.Other times of day you might only need half of the lights G.If your school’s garbage company offers recycling services ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，从四个方面阐述学生在校园中如何节约能源、保护环境。‎ ‎1.B　[考查上下文的衔接。根据句子的结构判断，本句是一个从句，七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生，总有许多可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。]‎ ‎2.E　[考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲述在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的一些提示词，如“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也暗示了本题的答案。]‎ ‎3.F　[考查细节支撑句。本段主要讲述当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的“times of day”与F项中的“Other times of day”形成对应关系。]‎ ‎4.C　[考查上下文的衔接。本段谈论在学校内设置回收站回收可循环使用的材料。C选项中的one指代主题句中的a recycling station。]‎ ‎5.A　[考查承上启下句。根据下文的“put up signs”“using signs”“some signs”提示词可以判断答案为A。]‎ C It’s very common these days for people to take some sort of regular exercise each week.But if you’ve never done it before，what’s the best way to go about it？ 1 He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims.‎ However，each hourly session can be steep considering you have to pay both the ‎ personal trainer and membership of the gym，too.So what’s left？Well，if you have the courage to do it，you can make your own plan.It’s relatively easy to do if you have the know-how. 2 ‎ First，keep your fitness goal in mind.Are you looking to slim down or increase your abilities？Whatever it is，make sure the things you choose to do are achieving that goal.Next，do your research. 3 Watch as many of these as possible，but make sure to be a little critical of them—everyone has a different physique and what works for one may not work for another.Finally，keep your feet on the ground. 4 It takes at least three months to see any realistic body changes.And don’t be overzealous(过度热衷的)—never work in pain—a good workout is difficult and challenging，but never painful.Pain means you are damaging yourself.‎ If nothing else，focus on calisthenics(健身操). 5 Do as many of one exercise as you can without stopping，and then try and repeat that number twice more—make sure you sweat，and don’t forget to rest for a minute in between each activity!‎ A.Be patient with yourself and set realistic goals.‎ B.But before you do，here are some basic pointers.‎ C.Well，many people make use of a personal trainer.‎ D.They just don’t want to design their own workout plan.‎ E.These days，social media is full of fitness videos and advice.‎ F.Find a way to make each exercise more difficult as you get in shape.‎ G.These are the basic body movements which everyone can do anywhere.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。如果你想设计一套适合自己的锻炼计划，却没有足够的资金雇用私人教练，该怎么办呢？本文将教给大家几个自主健身的小贴士。‎ ‎1.C　[结合上文中的what’s the best way to go about it？和下文中的He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims可知，C项“许多人会请私人教练”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。]‎ ‎2.B　[结合上文中的It’s relatively easy to do if you have the know-how和下文的几点小贴士可知，B项“在你做之前，来看看这几条建议”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。]‎ ‎3.E　[根据下文中的Watch as many of these as possible可知，E项“现在的社交网站上有很多健身的视频和建议”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.A　[结合上文中的keep your feet on the ground和下文中的It takes at least three months to see any realistic body changes可知，A项“对自己要有耐心，同时要制定切实可行的目标”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.G　[根据上文中的calisthenics可知，G项“这些是任何人在任何地方都可以做的基本的肢体动作”符合语境，是对calisthenics的解释和说明。]‎ D ‎(2019·济南高三模拟)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1 Remember，just because you can do something does not mean it is required.Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”.Here are some specific tips.‎ Give yourself permission to say no.Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor.Keep in mind，you are never required to say “Yes”.It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes.Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2 ‎ Set up your personal boundaries. 3 However，that reason does not have to be concrete.Many people think if they can do something，they should.Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries.Think about what boundaries you have，and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.‎ ‎ 4 People often won’t take “No” for an answer.If you say “No” to people，they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind.Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.‎ Practice saying “No”.It may sound silly，but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5 Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words.Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety.Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.‎ A.This will help you say “No” with ease.‎ B.Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.‎ C.Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.‎ D.It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.‎ E.Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.‎ F.It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.‎ G.If someone asks you a favor，you may feel you have to say “Yes”.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。我们可以通过设定边界、不断训练等方式，勇敢地向他人说“不”。‎ ‎1.G　[根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是在苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”。故选G。]‎ ‎2.A　[本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”，这是你的权利。记住这一点，将帮助你轻而易举地拒绝别人。故选A。]‎ ‎3.D　[根据空后一句“However，that reason does not have to be concrete”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说‘不’总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D。]‎ ‎4.B　[空后三句讲述的是，人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由劝你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧。故选B。]‎ ‎5.E　[本段讲述的是要训练自己去说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”。由此可知E项“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文。]‎ E Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car.For many people，bicycling is not just an easy way of getting around town but also an exciting sport. 1 .‎ One kind of race is the time trial.Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line.The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. 2 ，because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.‎ Another kind of race is more difficult.A few city blocks are closed to traffic.Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. 3 .The race ‎ requires more than speed.It also requires skilful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles.The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.‎ ‎ 4 .Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles.The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country.The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line.‎ Between races cyclists stay in good condition by doing exercise that builds up their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. 5 ，they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers.Then they can enter special races all over the country.If you’re a cyclist，keep practicing.You could become a star.‎ A.As cyclists become more experienced B.A time trial is a very safe race for beginners C.Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races D.Road races are usually the longest cycling contests E.Most people will seize possible chances to get around town F.They cover many laps(一圈)，going around and around the city blocks G.When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文详细介绍了几种骑自行车的比赛。‎ ‎1.C　[根据空处所在的位置可知，该句承上启下；由下文介绍的几种骑自行车比赛可知，C项“热衷骑自行车的人经常筹备参加骑自行车比赛”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.B　[根据空后的“because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other”可知，由于自行车是分散的，不太可能互相碰撞；故对于新手来说这种比赛是安全的，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3.F　[根据空处上下文可知，空处承接上文，继续介绍这种难度较大的骑自行车比赛具体的比赛内容，故F项正确。且F项中的“the city blocks”与该段中的“A few city blocks”呼应。]‎ ‎4.D　[根据空后一句“Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles”可知，参赛者必须骑35英里到近3 000英里的路程；又结合本段第三句的内容可知，D项“道路比赛通常是路程最长的骑自行车比赛”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A　[根据空后的“they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers”‎ 可知，他们经常参加自行车团体，并成为有执照的参赛者；据此可推知，空处是说这些骑自行车者越来越有经验，故A项正确。]‎ A ‎(2019·唐山质量检测)I did not go on my first hike until my mid-30s.I could blame it on the fact that I grew up on the Great Plains of South Dakota and North Dakota. 1 Having never gone，I didn’t see the value and always shook my head when asked.‎ ‎ 2 At the urging of my wife，and with my two young kids，we walked a beautiful forest path on a cool August morning.I carried a small backpack with water and snacks(小吃).When we reached the top，we ate lunch together overlooking a perfectly still pond and a scenic Vermont.‎ A few weeks ago，my 11-year-old son，my 61-year-old dad，and I hiked Camelback Mountain in Phoenix.Last weekend，I hiked down the Grand Canyon with my son along the South Kaibab Trail.And later this week，my wife and daughter will join us to walk the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains. 3 ‎ Now，just to be clear，by no means would I classify myself as an expert hiker. 4 And I have no plans to climb Mount Kilimanjaro or walk the Appalachian Trail.But waking early on a Saturday morning to walk 3-5 miles along a forest path with lunch in the backpack is a journey I’d recommend to anyone.‎ It is healthy physical exercise that creates wonderful memories. 5 And given the chance，hiking teaches us important truths about life.‎ A.Most of our hikes only last 2 hours.‎ B.I’ve fallen in love with climbing mountains.‎ C.I love the stillness and calm of an empty path.‎ D.But mostly，to be honest，I just wasn’t interested.‎ E.If you can climb a mountain，you can do anything.‎ F.It provides an opportunity to slow down and disconnect.‎ G.I went on my first hike a few years back while living in Vermont.‎ ‎【语篇解读】‎ ‎　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者直到35岁左右才开始第一次远足而后喜欢上爬山的经历，作者认为这种锻炼方式提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会。‎ ‎1.D　[前一句讲到，“我”可以把35岁左右之前从未远足过归咎于“我”生活在大平原上，结合空后一句可知，此处隐含的意思是：真实原因并非如此。故选择D项“但是老实说，我主要是不感兴趣罢了”。]‎ ‎2.G　[第一段讲“我”对远足不感兴趣，本空之后讲的是“我”的一次远足经历，因此空处应涉及一次远足的内容，故答案为G。]‎ ‎3.B　[上一段讲第一次远足的经历，本段讲其后的远足经历和计划，故本空为总结句，应表示经过了第一次远足后，“我”爱上了爬山，故选B。]‎ ‎4.A　[前一句讲到“我”不认为自己是一个专业远足者，后一句讲“我”并没有计划去爬世界高峰或挑战高难度的远足，因此本空应该讲“我”远足的运动强度不高，故选A项。]‎ ‎5.F　[前后两句都在讲远足的好处，故此处也应是同样的，故选F项“它(远足)提供了一个让生活慢下来、脱离尘世的机会”。]‎ B Eldridge Roberts couldn’t drive his car yesterday morning because it needed new brakes. 1 Carrying his lunch in a brown bag，he hurried to the bus stop and caught Bus 54 to Paterson，New Jersey.He did not want to be late for his new job.‎ Mr.Roberts sat down four seats behind the driver.He looked at his watch and he looked at the road. 2 A few minutes later，the bus was going about 35 miles per hour down Jersey Avenue.‎ Suddenly Mr.Roberts saw that something was wrong with the bus driver.He was face down on the steering wheel(方向盘).Apparently，the bus was not being steered by him any more. 3 He tried to put his foot on the brakes，but the driver’s feet were in the way.So Mr.Roberts sat next to him and tried to steer the bus，which was going straight toward a big stone wall.‎ The frightened passengers started screaming.Mr Roberts turned the steering wheel toward the right. 4 It went onto a big empty field.Then it went through a fence and into someone’s backyard.Mr.Roberts saw a house coming closer.Fortunately，the bus stopped six feet from the house.Mr.Roberts and the other passengers got out of the bus ‎ through the emergency door.‎ The police and ambulances came to take them to a nearby hospital.The bus driver had died of a heart attack.No one else was seriously hurt. 5 When he finally got to work it was almost noon.His new boss treated him to lunch，since his own lunch was still on the bus.‎ A.The passengers were terrified.‎ B.He had to take the bus instead.‎ C.So he was actually late for work.‎ D.Mr.Roberts ran to the front of the bus.‎ E.Fortunately，there was not a lot of traffic.‎ F.The bus missed the wall and went off the street.‎ G.Mr.Roberts got a ride from one of the policemen.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。机智的罗伯茨先生在危急关头挽救了一车的乘客。‎ ‎1.B　[根据设空前一句Eldridge Roberts couldn’t drive his car yesterday morning because it needed new brakes可知，B项“他不得不坐公交车”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.E　[E项“幸而，路面上车不多”是设空前一句中的he looked at the road的结果。]‎ ‎3.D　[设空后一句中的He指代的是D项中的Mr.Roberts；D项中的ran to the front of the bus与设空后一句中的put his foot on the brakes是按时间顺序先后发生的两个动作。]‎ ‎4.F　[F项中的the wall指代的是上一段末的a big stone wall；设空后一句中的It指代的是F项中的The bus。]‎ ‎5.G　[G项中的got a ride from one of the policemen与设空后一句中的got to work是按时间顺序先后发生的两个动作。]‎ C ‎(2019·安徽五校联盟第二次质检)‎ About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries.Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1 There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language.Why is this?‎ ‎ 2 One of them is that English has become the language of business.Another important reason is that popular American culture (like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3 ‎ Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly？ 4 It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another.On the other hand，English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it.Do we really need that?‎ Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn’t too difficult and doesn’t include any group’s culture.It is called Esperanto. 5 Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either.There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language.Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.‎ A.People like English.‎ B.But it hasn’t become popular.‎ C.It has brought its language with it.‎ D.There is no doubt about the question.‎ E.This is why English was widely spoken.‎ F.It has become the new international language.‎ G.There are many reasons why English has become so popular.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了英语作为国际语言流行的原因及对未来可能流行的语言的预测。‎ ‎1.F　[根据第一段的前两句可知，大约一百年前很多有学问的人学习法语，并且在见到来自其他国家的人时说法语，现在大部分人见到外国人时说英语。由此可推知，英语已经成了新的国际性语言。故选F项。]‎ ‎2.G　[承接上文“Why is this？”，并结合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英语流行有诸多原因，故选G项。]‎ ‎3.C　[承接上文美国文化在全球的流行可知，它的语言也随之而来，故选C项。]‎ ‎4.D　[承接上文的疑问句，并结合下文的肯定陈述“It’s important to have a language ‎ that the people of the earth have in common”可知，此处是表示英语在全世界的传播是一件好事，故选D项。]‎ ‎5.B　[结合下文“Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either”可知，B项“但是它并没有流行起来”符合语境，衔接上下文。]‎ D Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is？ 1 True friendship is the one，in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other.Sharing true friendship is the situation，when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members，when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you don’t correspond for some time，your friendship remains unchanged.‎ The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble，the other will not think twice to help.If the bond between two friends is strong，true friends can tolerate even long distances. 2 It would not affect their friendship.‎ ‎ 3 They would face it together and support each other，even if it is against the interests of the other person.Best friends don’t analyze each other and they don’t have to do so.They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 4 They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses.One would not overpower the other.They would respect each other’s individuality.In fact，they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.‎ True friendship is marked by selflessness.Best friends support each other，even if the whole world opposes them. 5 If you have even one true friend，consider yourself lucky.‎ A.True friendship never fades away.‎ B.Nothing is hidden between true friends.‎ C.It is not easy getting true friends for the lifetime.‎ D.For them，geographical separation is just a part of life.‎ E.True friends don’t desert each other when one is facing trouble.‎ F.Remember，all the best friends are friends，but not all friends can be the best friends.‎ G.People talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，朋友彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。‎ ‎1.G　[空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正的含义吗；后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正的友谊的含义。故选G。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据前一句中的“long distances”可知，此处叙述的是地理分离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographical separation”相呼应。故选D。]‎ ‎3.E　[根据后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并互相支持，这与E项中的“don’t desert each other”相联系。故选E。]‎ ‎4.B　[根据后一句中的“They know each other’s strengths as well as weaknesses”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故B项符合语境。]‎ ‎5.C　[根据空后的“If you have even one true friend，consider yourself lucky”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境。]‎ E ‎(2019·南昌一模)College life is colorful. 1 .However college students have a burden of studying.How do they manage to complete a huge number of assignments and still find the time to have fun？Here are some effective time management tips that can be used outside of college.‎ ‎ 2 .Let’s say，your friend is sick and misses a very important class.You can help him by telling something you’ve learned there and lending him your notes.Next time you have no time to read a book you need to read and this very friend can retell it to you highlighting the key points.‎ Use technologies.Many modern students can back up the fact that technologies make studying easier and faster.You don’t always have to waste time to go to a library when you can find everything online.You can save time on calculating things and solving different problems. 3 .Using technologies for work is also a must if you want to ‎ improve your productivity.‎ Give yourself a treat. 4 .For example，if you have a task for an hour，promise yourself to have coffee and biscuits if you manage to do that in time. 5 .‎ All in all，college time is a very special period when you learn a lot of things including time management techniques.If you take them seriously，you can use them in your future and make your work and life more productive and organized.‎ A.Help each other B.Help to take notes C.There are many fun things to do D.You can see many colorful things E.There are now many apps for that F.It is a nice motivation to be productive G.You can give yourself some small treats for finishing small tasks ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大学生有效管理时间的技巧。‎ ‎1.C　[根据空前一句“College life is colorful”可知，大学生活是丰富多彩的，并由与下文中的“How do they manage to complete a huge number of assignments and still find the time to have fun？”呼应可知，C项“有很多有趣的事情可以做”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.A　[根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句，通读该段可知，本段主要讲的是大学里朋友间互相帮助的行为，故A项“互相帮助”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.E　[根据本段主题句“Use technologies”，并结合该段中的“You don’t always have to waste time to go to a library when you can find everything online”可推知，利用网络科技可以解决不同的学习问题，与选项E呼应，故选E项。]‎ ‎4.G　[由与本段主题句“Give yourself a treat”呼应可推知，选项G符合语境。]‎ ‎5.F　[承接上文“For example，if you have a task for an hour，promise yourself to have coffee and biscuits if you manage to do that in time”可推知，此处应表示犒劳自己是使工作高效的好动机，故选F项。]‎ A ‎(2019·湖北省黄石等六市高三联考)‎ Sleeping well is important to your physical and mental health.However，you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep.Here are some habits you can adopt to encourage better sleep.‎ Stick to a sleep schedule. 1 .The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours.Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal.‎ Pay attention to what you eat.Don’t go to bed hungry or full.In particular，avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 2 .‎ ‎ 3 .Create a room that’s ideal for sleeping.Often，this means cool，dark and quiet. 4 .Avoid long use of screens just before bedtime.Consider using room-darkening shades，earplugs，a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.Doing calming activities before bedtime，such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques，might promote better sleep.‎ Include physical activity in your daily routine.Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. 5 .Spending time outside every day might be helpful，too.‎ A.Work out a good plan B.Stick to a balanced diet C.Create a restful environment D.Your discomfort might keep you up E.Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep F.Avoid being active too close to bedtime，however G.Exposure to light might make it more challenging to fall asleep ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保证良好睡眠的几个好习惯。‎ ‎1.E　[根据下文“The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours”可推知，此处表示所需要的睡眠时间，与选项E呼应，故选E项。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据上文可知，要避免睡前吃得过饱或饿着肚子，或是睡前几个小时吃油腻的食物或大餐，这会让人不舒服，自然就睡不好了，与选项D呼应，故选D项。]‎ ‎3.C　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句；根据该段内容可知，该段介绍了营造舒适的睡眠环境的重要性，故选C项。]‎ ‎4.G　[根据空前一句“Often，this means cool，dark and quiet”可推知，在灯亮着的情况下是不利于睡眠的，故选G项。]‎ ‎5.F　[与上文“Regular physical activity can promote better sleep”形成呼应可推知，此处表示睡前太活跃反而不利于睡眠，故选F项。]‎ B ‎(2019·合肥第二次教学质量检测)‎ Last week after my motorcycle crashed on the freeway，I wanted only two simple things from technology: to call 911 and to tell loved ones where I could be found. 1 When she opened Google Maps，she could see precisely where I was.‎ For years，tech companies have offered different ways for people to tell one another where they are. 2 If used carelessly，location tracking may hurt your privacy.But used thoughtfully，it can be a powerful and efficient communication tool. 3 ‎ ‎■When you make plans to meet friends somewhere like a movie theater，get in the habit of sharing your location for a short duration，like an hour.This way you can skip saying things like “I’m on my way” or “I’m running a few minutes behind” because people can simply follow you on the map.‎ ‎■ 4 Location sharing can be useful for being considerate of your partner’s time and space.For example，I am less likely to text my partner when I see she is at the office or driving on a freeway，but I will text when I see she is at the grocery store to ask her to pick something up.‎ ‎■Next time you plan an event at a large outdoor space，do your friends a favor： 5 Wandering around aimlessly in a crowded open space can be annoying.‎ A.Here are my suggestions for the best times to use it.‎ B.For safety reasons，avoid sharing your location publicly.‎ C.Use an app to share your current location so they can find you.‎ D.Consider sharing your location occasionally with your partner.‎ E.There are many ways for third parties to find out where we are.‎ F.Yet location tracking has caused controversy for the last decade.‎ G.Before calling 911，I texted my partner who was already tracking my location with an app.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。科技的发展使得共享位置成为可能，但什么情况下适合共享呢？这是一个问题。‎ ‎1.G　[根据本空前面的call 911 and to tell loved ones可以锁定G项中的calling 911，I texted my partner。代入后，“在打救援电话前，我给已经在使用应用程序跟踪我位置的爱人发了信息”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.F　[根据本空后面的If used carelessly...But used thoughtfully...可知，F项“然而在过去的十年，位置跟踪引发了很大的争议”符合语境，是对后面两句话的概括。]‎ ‎3.A　[下文提出了三点关于共享位置的建议，故A项“在此我将就什么时候共享位置最好提出我的建议”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.D　[根据本空后面的partner可以锁定D项中的partner。代入后，“考虑偶尔和你的爱人共享位置”符合语境，该句也是本段的主题句。]‎ ‎5.C　[根据本空前面的Next time you plan an event at a large outdoor space，do your friends a favor可知，C项“使用应用程序来共享你的当前位置，这样他们就可以找到你”符合语境，是对前面内容的解释说明。其中的they指代your friends。]‎ C ‎(2019·桂林等三市联合调研)‎ Feeling relaxed in the morning seems to be a thing which only a few people get to experience. 1 However，in many cases，it is the outcome of living in inefficient environments.Here are some bedroom decorating ideas to help you get back to the time when sleeping was a satisfaction，and waking up made you feel more energetic.‎ ‎ 2 Remember that at night，a messy bedroom will have an effect on you.Even if you don’t notice it，you know the mess is there.Don’t leave items around or under your bed，and allow the area to breathe.Throw away those things that don’t have any real purpose.‎ What’s the “magic” color when it comes to bedroom colors? Believe it or not，people whose rooms are painted blue tend to sleep longer than those who get their shut-eye in ‎ rooms with different colors. 3 It helps reduce blood pressure and heart rate，which helps you receive a solid night’s sleep.‎ A comforting room that helps you sleep faster must be dark or with soft lighting.Get special switches that will enable you to manage the light in your room and switch them off when you’re getting ready for bed. 4 Use thick curtains to keep light from interrupting your sleep.‎ You always bring your phone with you even when you’re on your dining tables eating your meal，but you should keep any distractions away by removing all electronics inside your bedroom. 5 Electronics like televisions，smartphones and computers produce blue light，which suppress (抑制) natural melatonin.Melatonin helps us sleep，and delaying its release (释放) means more time spent awake and greater difficulty getting sleepy.‎ A.Sleep loss can be a medical condition.‎ B.Reduce lighting coming from the outside.‎ C.The color blue is related to feelings of calm.‎ D.Remove the mess to give yourself a clear mind.‎ E.Your bedroom should be the most personal area in your home.‎ F.The warm atmosphere in your bedroom can make you very relaxed.‎ G.Using electronics before bedtime can only make your sleep problems worse.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。如何才能拥有高质量的睡眠？卧室的装修很关键。‎ ‎1.A　[设空下一句中的it指代的是A项中的Sleep loss；A项“睡眠不足可能归为疾病”与设空下一句However，in many cases，it is the outcome of living in inefficient environments揭示了睡眠不足的两个原因。]‎ ‎2.D　[D项中的mess与设空下一句中的messy为同根词。]‎ ‎3.C　[C项中的blue原词复现了设空上一句中的blue；设空下一句中的It指代的是C项中的blue。]‎ ‎4.B　[设空下一句中的Use thick curtains to keep light from interrupting your sleep为B项“减少外部光源”的具体操作。]‎ ‎5.G　[设空下一句中的Electronics like televisions...greater difficulty getting ‎ sleepy具体解释了G项的内容“睡前使用电子设备会使睡眠问题变得更严重”。]‎ D Hunting for nature in an urban setting Public parks aside，getting a view of nature can be a tricky task during an urban escape. 1 The following are some tips on incorporating (包含) nature into your city vacation.‎ Head to the flower market.‎ Midsize and large cities usually have flower markets that sell a large variety of plants and flowers from around the world. 2 Take a nice easy walk and let your senses be engaged (吸引).‎ Check out a community garden.‎ Thanks to a growing number of community gardens in cities all over the world，you don’t have to head for the big city parks to get a bit of nature.These gardens grow everything from herbs (香草) and vegetables to fruits and flowers. 3 Each garden is different，and you’ll likely meet locals and learn about what they are most interested in growing.‎ Take a garden tour.‎ ‎ 4 Do a web search for garden tours in your destination，and you’re likely to find a range of options.In Washington，the Smithsonian museums on and near the National Mall have 13 picturesque gardens spread over nine acres around the museums，and the area has more than two dozen other gardens.‎ ‎ 5 ‎ Check out local farmers’ markets when you travel because they often sell native flowers and plants that are far less grown than ones produced on a larger scale (规模).Buy some and take them back to your hotel，where you can request housekeeping to put them in a vase for you.They’ll brighten up your room and your stay.‎ A.Go to a farmers’ market.‎ B.Book a room with a view.‎ C.Check one or more out in your destination.‎ D.It can help you get in touch with the outdoors.‎ E.You’ll be treated to different smells and colors.‎ F.But nature should and can fit into that city vacation.‎ G.Many cities have large gardens that you can visit on your own or see via tours.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几个在城市中感受大自然的好去处。‎ ‎1.F　[根据本空后面的incorporating nature into your city vacation可知，F项But nature should and can fit into that city vacation符合语境。]‎ ‎2.E　[结合本空前面的a large variety of plants and flowers和本空后面的let your senses be engaged可知，E项“你可以闻到不同的香气并看到多彩的颜色”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.C　[结合本段小标题Check out a community garden和本空后面的Each garden is different可知C项“在你的目的地可以选择参观一个或多个社区公园”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.G　[根据本段小标题Take a garden tour和本空后面的garden tours可以锁定G项中的gardens和tours。代入后，“许多城市都有大公园，你可以自己欣赏，也可以跟团去参观”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.A　[其他标题都是祈使句，所选答案也应该是祈使句。最后一部分主要介绍了去农贸市场购买鲜花装饰自己住的酒店房间，故A项作标题最符合本段主旨。]‎ E ‎(2019·重庆七校联考)No matter who you are，you need sleep.It is something all animals and humans must get in order to survive. 1 Throughout the day，we push our bodies to work as much as we need.At night，sleep allows our bodies to take over.Our organs take turns resting，and our bodies fight off illness.In addition，our brains create dreams so that we can let go of mental stress. 2 ‎ Sleeping disorders are common.Some sleeping disorders are serious enough to interfere with (干扰) normal body functioning.The most common one is snoring (打鼾). 3 Snoring is not a serious problem，but it can disturb the sleep of the snorers and their bed partners.Although snoring cannot be cured，it can get better with lifestyle changes and the use of proven techniques.‎ Trouble falling or staying asleep is called insomnia (失眠).Like snoring，it is very ‎ common. 4 Reasons for insomnia can be varied but whatever the causes are，learning to relax helps people sleep better.‎ Stress，being overweight，and poor sleeping habits are common reasons people develop sleeping disorders.Staying calm，avoiding food before bedtime，and keeping a regular sleep schedule are all simple ways of prevention. 5 We all know that a person who doesn’t get enough sleep usually has a harder time enjoying what life has to offer.‎ A.While sleeping，the body recovers and rests.‎ B.However，not everyone is able to sleep soundly.‎ C.In fact，everyone at some point in their lives snores.‎ D.It occurs when the brain fails to tell the body to breathe.‎ E.Working nontraditional hours requires a different approach to getting enough sleep.‎ F.Serious insomnia may stop a person from sleeping completely and is always deadly.‎ G.What’s more，sleep specialists should be consulted if the problems start seriously affecting one’s life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了常见的睡眠障碍及其应对办法。‎ ‎1.A　[根据本空前面的It is something all animals and humans must get in order to survive和后面的Our organs take turns resting，and our bodies fight off illness...let go of mental stress可知，A项“睡觉的时候，身体会得到恢复和休息”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.B　[本空后面两段分别介绍了打鼾和失眠两种睡眠障碍，故B项“然而并不是每个人都能睡得好”符合语境，在文章中起承上启下的作用。]‎ ‎3.C　[根据本空前面的The most common one is snoring可知，C项“事实上，每个人在自己生命的某个时刻都会打鼾”符合语境，是对上一句的进一步说明。]‎ ‎4.F　[本段主要介绍了失眠的问题，故F项“严重的失眠可能会让一个人完全无法入睡，而且造成生命危险”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.G　[根据本空前面的Staying calm，avoiding food before bedtime，and keeping a regular sleep schedule are all simple ways of prevention可知，G项“而且，如果睡眠问题开始严重影响一个人的生活时，就应该去咨询睡眠专家”符合语境，二者都是应对睡眠障碍的办法。]‎ A ‎(2019·成都毕业班摸底)Art galleries are places in which artists can display all types of works of art，including paintings，drawings，photographs，sculptures，etc. 1 At the same time，however，each artwork must be protected from exposure to too much light since that can cause works to fade and therefore get ruined. 2 ‎ The most common form of lighting used to light up artwork is indoor spotlights on tracks attached to the ceiling near where the work is being displayed. 3 It permits the lights to be moved more easily when the light patterns require adjusting.Recessed (被嵌入墙壁的) lights in walls and ceilings can be useful so long as they are not fixed in place but can instead be easily moved to create ideal light patterns.Most art gallery directors state that a combination of tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights focus directly on the artwork while the recessed lights are used on the nearby walls to provide a surrounding light source. 4 ‎ How to angle the lights depends upon the height of the ceiling and the size of the artwork.Caution must be taken to avoid creating too many areas with shadows or to have the lights cause a glare on the artwork.Besides，the lights should not be bare bulbs (电灯泡) burning directly on the artwork but should be made in some way to make the lighting softer.According to experts，low voltage (电压) bulbs are the best to use when lighting artwork. 5 Thus artwork should be placed in a room where sunlight cannot directly hit it.‎ A.It can make the displays attractive.‎ B.Using tracked lighting is beneficial.‎ C.Light plays a key role in art galleries.‎ D.This light source can better improve the mood surrounding the work.‎ E.To better improve their appearance，the display area needs to be well lit.‎ F.Finding a happy medium between not enough light and too much of it requires considerable skill and experience.‎ G.Above all，natural light should be avoided since direct sunlight will damage artwork，particularly paintings，over time.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。美术馆的灯光设计很有讲究，它不仅需要营造一个氛围，使陈列品看起来更吸引人，而且还需要保护好它们的色泽，以防日久脱色。‎ ‎1.E　[根据下一句中的转折连词however和exposure to too much light可知，这里是说美术馆的光线问题，这里的too much light和E项中的needs to be well lit构成转折。]‎ ‎2.F　[根据上文探讨光线的问题以及下文首句The most common form of lighting used to light up artwork可知，“要让光线既不会太强又不太弱，这需要技能和经验”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.B　[根据上一句中的indoor spotlights on tracks以及下一句中的It permits the lights to be moved more easily可知，B项Using tracked lighting is beneficial承上启下，符合语境。]‎ ‎4.D　[根据上文两种位置的灯光所起的作用的对比以及上一句中的surrounding light source可知，D项中的light source和surrounding是解题关键，符合语境。]‎ ‎5.G　[根据最后一句Thus artwork should be placed in a room where sunlight cannot directly hit it可知，这里是说日光问题，故G项中的direct sunlight will damage artwork阐释了原因，符合语境。]‎ B Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do.But we all make mistakes，so you’ll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize.Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1 .Whatever the reason，apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.‎ ‎ 2 .First，you acknowledge that you did something wrong.With an apology，you take responsibility for your actions，which allows your friend to forgive you.Second，an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3 ，but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize.‎ Now，what are elements of a proper apology？ 4 ，depending on what the offense ‎ was，where it was done，and who you are apologizing to.In general，a good apology should include the following: a request for their attention，an acknowledgment of what happened，sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I’m sorry” or “I apologize”.Here are things never to say when apologizing.Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility.Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. 5 ，you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across.You’ll really need to self-reflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view.‎ A.When you make your apology in person B.If you really believe you did nothing wrong C.Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways D.The way you apologize is going to be slightly different E.Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to F.Apologizing the right way，however，may take a little practice G.Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。‎ ‎1.E　[根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。]‎ ‎2.C　[空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。]‎ ‎3.G　[根据空后的“but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。]‎ ‎4.D　[根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方法要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。]‎ ‎5.B　[根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。]‎ C ‎(2019·湘潭调研考试)‎ SOCIALIZING YOUR DOG Keep it fun and enjoyable Socialization shouldn’t feel like work because it’s really just a natural process dogs must go through to enjoy their time with other dogs and humans. 1 .They’ll help reduce any anxiety produced by an unfamiliar experience.Bringing a few of your dog’s favorite toys along can also help keep your puppy entertained and relaxed while visiting a new place.‎ Your dog should lead the way, not you ‎ 2 .When introducing them to another puppy，let both dogs smell each other (that’s their way of saying hello) while holding onto their leash (狗链).If one becomes fearful or aggressive, gently pull him away. 3 .‎ Start socializing your puppy early Dogs have a sensitive period between the ages of 7 and 12 weeks when their surroundings make a huge impression on them. 4 .Use this early courage to expose them to a variety of people, places, animals and sounds so they form positive associations with those things.‎ ‎ 5 ‎ Between weeks 8 and 11, your puppy may display signs of fear when faced with unfamiliar situations.If you start noticing sudden, negative reactions from your puppy (e.g.hugging your legs)，do your best to protect him from frightening or painful meetings.‎ A.Fears can occur at other times B.Be careful of a sudden fear period C.Keep social activities pleasant by bringing along a few dog treats D.Like children, puppies at this age are eager and unafraid to meet new things E.Pains at this stage can be more lasting than fears that occur at other times in their lives F.A common mistake pet parents make is forcing their dogs into uncomfortable situations G.The same should be done when you’re introducing them to humans or other types of pets ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了小狗交际应该注意的事项。‎ ‎1.C　[由下文中的Bringing a few of your dog’s favorite toys along can also...可知，设空处是说给狗带玩具的好处之一，C项符合语境。]‎ ‎2.F　[由空后一句可知，空格处应该是说一种错误的做法，F项符合语境。]‎ ‎3.G　[前面说了介绍自己的狗与别的狗认识的时候怎么做，接下来说将自己的狗介绍给人类或者其他动物时应该怎么做。]‎ ‎4.D　[由下文中的Use this early courage可知，空格处应该是说狗在一定的时期不惧怕外界的事物。]‎ ‎5.B　[本段有两句话。第一句是说狗在特定时期会有恐惧的迹象，第二句是说主人要对这个时期的狗格外关注，B项总结了这两个方面。]‎ D Building trust inside your team A team without trust isn’t really a team: it’s just a group of individuals，working together，often making disappointing progress. 1 So how can you，as a leader，help your team to build the trust that it needs to develop? In this article we’ll look at the issue of trust within teams and what you can do to build it.‎ Lead by example.‎ If you want to build trust within your team，then lead by example，and show your people that you trust others.This means trusting your team，your colleagues，and your boss. 2 They are taking cues(提示) from your behavior.Take the opportunity to show them what trust in others really looks like.‎ Know each other personally.‎ One way to build trust is to encourage your team members to know each other.Think about creating situations that help them to share personal stories，and to bond. 3 Start by sharing some personal information about yourself，and then ask someone else about a hobby，or a musical interest.‎ ‎ 4 ‎ When people work together，there will be honest mistakes and disappointments，and it’s easy to blame someone for these.However，when everyone starts pointing fingers，an unpleasant atmosphere can quickly develop.This lowers trust，and is finally unproductive.‎ Discuss trust issues.‎ If you manage a team that has trust issues，it’s important to find out how these problems originate，so that you can come up with a strategy (策略) for overcoming them.Consider giving team members a questionnaire to fill out anonymously (匿名地). 5 Once you’ve read the results，get everyone together to talk about these issues.‎ A.Do not place blame.‎ B.Try to avoid mistakes and disappointments.‎ C.Ask them about the reasons for their lack of trust.‎ D.Do this by asking sensitively about their family or hobbies.‎ E.Never forget that your team members are always watching you.‎ F.Instead，encourage everyone to think about the mistake positively.‎ G.However，when trust is in place，the group can achieve truly meaningful goals.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。作为团队负责人，如何建立团队成员间的信任感？文章提出了一些具体操作方法。‎ ‎1.G　[G项中的when trust is in place与设空处上一句中的A team without trust构成反义；G项中的achieve truly meaningful goals与设空处上一句中的making disappointing progress也构成反义。]‎ ‎2.E　[设空处下一句中的They指代E项中的your team members；E项中的watching you与设空处下一句中的taking cues from your behavior为词汇同现关系。词汇同现是指词义上有一定联系的词汇在上下文中出现，词汇同现为一种词汇衔接方式，将语篇连贯起来。]‎ ‎3.D　[设空处上一句中的personal stories与D项中的their family or hobbies为整体与局部的关系。]‎ ‎4.A　[设空处为段落小标题。根据该段中出现的blame，pointing fingers等信息可知，A项“勿归咎”符合语境。]‎ ‎5.C　[设空处上一句中的questionnaire与C项中的Ask及设空处下一句中的the results为词汇同现关系。]‎ E ‎(2019·绵阳一诊)Did you make financial decisions last New Year’s Eve? Did they fall by the wayside? If so，you are not alone. 1 .‎ Make a smart budget Did you plan to make a budget and fail to do so? This is a perfect time to start，as you are heading into the new year.You may be able to stop yourself from overspending if you realize how overextended you are.If you’ve taken no other financial steps this year，start by setting a realistic budget. 2 .‎ Control your spending Even if you had a budget，were you able to stick to it？ 3 .Use it as a psychological advantage—you have less to spend so you need to shop harder for bargains and research prices.Impulse buying (即兴购买) will be less likely to attract you and your spending should be more focused as a result.‎ ‎ 4 ‎ You had a savings goal，didn’t you? If you didn’t have a specific goal，it may be why your savings effort failed.Set a smaller savings goal now，and use that to build a larger savings goal for the upcoming year.Make sure that you equate (使等同) your savings with a specific goal.‎ Reduce your debt Debt reduction is an important goal，especially in the case of high-interest debt such as credit cards.It’s easy to get into an unrecoverable increase of debt if you have no plan to keep debt in check.It is a longer-term goal，but one you need to start right away. 5 .That may be a tall task，which is all the more reason to start immediately.‎ A.Increase your savings B.Have a clear goal for your debt C.You will go on with your new decisions D.Most other financial improvements will follow E.Start small by setting a spending budget for your shopping F.But this year，you can make some progress on your financial goals G.Attack the debt with the highest interest rate，and control your spending ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何管理好自己的经济问题。‎ ‎1.F　[根据上文的Did you make financial decisions last New Year’s Eve？和第二段的This is a perfect time to start，as you are heading into the new year可知，上文讲的是去年发生的事情，那今年会有什么变化呢？故F项中的转折连词But承上启下，符合语境。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据小标题Make a smart budget和上文的If you’ve taken no other financial steps this year，start by setting a realistic budget可知，先从实际预算开始，然后进行其他方面的改进，故选D项。]‎ ‎3.E　[根据小标题Control your spending和下文中的shop harder for bargains and research prices可知，先从购物这个小的开支预算开始，然后再控制自己的其他花销，故选E项。]‎ ‎4.A　[此处考查段落小标题。根据本段的内容可知，要管好自己的经济，那你要增加自己的存款，故选A项。]‎ ‎5.G　[根据小标题Reduce your debt和下文中的It’s easy to get into an unrecoverable increase of debt if you have no plan to keep debt in check可知，这里应该讲的是跟债务有关的内容，故G项符合语境。]‎ A ‎(2019·福建省三校联考)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues.Fortunately，psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues.The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1 .Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.‎ Don’t force cheer At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand，you tend to put on a happy face.Indeed，that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama，no ‎ conflict.But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers，looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers.The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood，their actual moods got worse. 2 .‎ Let out sadness The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers，who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3 .We don’t like contradictory behavior.‎ Respond cautiously Recently，scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution.When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger，you pause rather than react at once. 4 .Besides，it is associated with less anxiety，and may even carry physiological benefits.‎ ‎ 5 ‎ Of course，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows，but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.In other words，sadness，anger，and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear.Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences.And don’t forget to give yourself a break.‎ A.Relax your mind B.Enjoy a mix of emotions C.We tend to deny the important function emotions serve D.Instead，they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life E.So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects F.A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience G.We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。‎ ‎1.D　[承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday ‎ season”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。]‎ ‎2.E　[结合本段小标题Don’t force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。]‎ ‎3.G　[根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。]‎ ‎4.F　[根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides，it is associated with less anxiety，and may even carry physiological benefits”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。]‎ ‎5.B　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题，要选择与其他标题相似的选项；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。]‎ B ‎(2019·湖南省六校联考)Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19，000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. 1 .‎ So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce(强化) the behavior that they want repeatedly—in this case，to get the whale to go over the rope. 2 ，in a position where the whale can’t help but do what’s expected of it.Every time the whale goes over the rope，it’s given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish.But what will happen when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing—no criticism，no warnings and no feedback. 3 .‎ Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results.And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often，the trainers begin to raise the rope.It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn’t starve.‎ ‎ 4 .Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.Secondly，under-criticize.People know they need help when they mess up. 5 ，people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.‎ So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can’t fail.Over-celebrate，under-criticize...and know how far to raise the rope.‎ A.This is a great challenge B.And the whale stays right where it is C.If we figure out a way to motivate the whale D.They start with the rope below the surface of the water E.If we under-criticize，punish and discipline less than expected F.Whales are taught that their negative behavior won’t be acknowledged G.The simple lesson learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。在驯兽师的训练下，体型庞大的鲸能跃出水面进行跳绳表演。驯兽师训练鲸的秘诀是：如果鲸完成被要求的动作，则给它奖励；如果没有完成被要求的动作，则不给出任何反馈，以此让它知道这样的行为是得不到认可的。‎ ‎1.A　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处起着承上启下的作用；由空处上文可知，在驯兽师的训练下，鲸能跃出水面22英尺进行跳绳表演；据此可推知，这是一个很大的挑战，故A项正确。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据空前一句可知，驯兽师训练鲸的第一步是反复强化他们想要让鲸做的动作，在这种情况下，让鲸跳绳；由此可推知，此处表示开始时，他们会将绳子放在水中，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3.F　[根据上文可知，如果鲸完成被要求的动作，则会得到鱼作为奖赏；如果鲸没有完成被要求的动作，则不批评、不警告，也不给它反馈，由此可推知，这样做是为了让鲸知道，如果它没有完成被要求的动作就得不到认可，故F项正确。]‎ ‎4.G　[根据空后一句“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently”和尾段第二句中的“Over-celebrate”可推知，在训练鲸的过程中，当它完成了被要求的动作时我们应当多赞扬，故G项正确。]‎ ‎5.E　[根据上文中的“Secondly，under-criticize”可知，该处讲的是从驯兽师那里学到的第二个道理：少批评；据此可推知，此处讲的应是“少批评”的好处，故E项符合语境。]‎ C ‎(2019·山西省八校联考)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter.There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and，importantly，not doing more harm than good.‎ Warm up，cool down ‎ 1 .Your muscles need some time to warm up when it’s cold，so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you’re finished.‎ Drink water You might not feel hot，but that’s because sweat evaporates (蒸发) more quickly into the chilly，dry air.So be sure to drink water before，during and after cold-weather workouts. 2 .A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you don’t have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.‎ ‎ 3 ‎ Running in cotton is a bad idea.Wear thin，breathable layers of synthetic(合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow，but still let out heat and moisture.Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head.Wear a hat，or beanie (无檐小便帽)，and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4 .‎ Run into the wind ‎ 5 .Obviously，it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature.But，more importantly，you won’t have the wind in your face for the second half of your run，when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.‎ A.Dress right B.Keep warm C.Don’t go too fast，too soon D.Start and finish in the same way E.Don’t wait to drink water until you feel thirsty F.Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back G.On really cold days，wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face ‎【语篇解读】　‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。‎ ‎1.C　[根据该段小标题Warm up，cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up”可知，C项符合语境。]‎ ‎2.E　[根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before，during and after cold-weather workouts”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝水”符合语境，衔接上文。]‎ ‎3.A　[根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。]‎ ‎4.G　[空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎5.F　[根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在你背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。]‎ D Graduation is an extremely important time in one’s life.Class members love to capture this special day in various photos. 1 ，you can arrange them into a beautiful slide video to show your friends and classmates.Sometimes you can make them into an album and share it as a gift.‎ ‎ 2 .You must have had a particular study group that you really bonded with.Consider getting a picture with the members directly.This can help you remember your professional connections and your most treasured group working experiences.Also，don’t forget to bring in your extracurricular stuff. 3 ，take a picture with mates with your instrument or holding a football to show your graduation day.You can add in some humor as well.Think of something humorous that you could throw into graduation photos，such as putting on a silly hat or posing with your class members in a fun way. 4 .Visit some of your favorite spots throughout the campus.If there was a green space that you frequented or even a particular landmark like a statue or hall，you could consider taking pictures there.Capturing areas where you felt most at ease will help you preserve that very spot in memory.‎ Last，the most popular shot to capture is the moment you shake hands with your headmaster on stage while receiving a diploma. 5 .It can help you remember how you were feeling on that day.It can also remind you of the proud sense of ‎ accomplishment for finishing part of your schooling.‎ A.He would be happy to show it off B.As long as you like after-school activities C.If you are in a band or play in a sports club D.Preserving the memories from your graduation E.This symbolizes the actual time when you graduate F.Including extra personality can make you apart from others G.Remember that your education is definitely a team’s effort ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在毕业时应该跟同伴们拍照留念，可以与自己喜欢的社团拍照留念，也可以在毕业典礼上被授予学位的时候与校长合影留念等。‎ ‎1.D　[根据空后的“you can arrange them into a beautiful slide video to show your friends and classmates”可知，你可以把它们做成一个美妙的幻灯片视频，展示给你的朋友和同学们，故D项“保留毕业时的记忆”符合语境。]‎ ‎2.G　[根据空后一句“You must have had a particular study group that you really bonded with”可知，你一定有一个与你关系非常密切的特别的学习团队，故可推知，此处表示“记住，你的教育一定是一个团队的努力”，故G项符合语境。]‎ ‎3.C　[根据空后的“take a picture with mates with your instrument or holding a football to show your graduation day”可知，此处与你曾经参加的社团有关，故C项符合语境。]‎ ‎4.F　[根据空前的“such as putting on a silly hat or posing with your class members in a fun way”可知，此处指的是用一些搞笑的方式来使自己与众不同，故F项符合文意。]‎ ‎5.E　[根据上文可知，当你在台上被授予学位与校长握手时，这个时刻是最需要去纪念的，故E项“这标志了你毕业的真正时刻”符合语境。]‎ E ‎(2019·长沙四校高考模拟)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card.For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life. 1 If you’re considering joining your local library，now is the time to do so.And if you need any more encouragement，here are several reasons why you should.‎ Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they ‎ like. 2 You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free，although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.‎ ‎ 3 Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card.There are lots of modern ones，as well as original ones，and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.It’s a priceless experience，especially for kids，and also a great way to level the educational playing field.‎ Libraries develop with times.They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4 Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases.There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.‎ Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 5 ‎ A.Libraries help people learn.‎ B.Libraries help educate the kids.‎ C.They create a great sense of community.‎ D.You can go in，settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.‎ E.Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.‎ F.Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.‎ G.For others，particularly the homeless and people in poverty，a lifeline to the world.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。‎ ‎1.G　[根据空前一句“For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。]‎ ‎2.D　[根据空后一句“You can also take out...for late returns”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。]‎ ‎3.A　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones...all the time”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。]‎ ‎4.E　[根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎5.C　[根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of...feel like a community”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社会意识，故C项正确。]‎