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2020届二轮复习语法突破考点十一特殊句式课件(广东专用)
考点十一 特殊句式 - 2 - - 3 - 第 1 步 技法探究 一、强调句 1. 强调句型 强调句型由 “ It+is /was+ 被强调部分 +that/who...” 构成 , 可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语 ; 被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用 who 和 that 均可 , 其他情况一律用 that 。 (1) 强调句的一般疑问句式 Is/Was it+ 被强调部分 +that/who...? 例 :Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket? (2) 强调句的特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词 ( 被强调部分 )+is/ was+it+that /who...? 例 :Why was it that you didn ’ t attend the meeting? What was it that made her so upset? - 4 - (3) 对 not...until.... 进行强调 It is/ was+not until...+that... 例 :It was not until I failed in the exams that I realized I had not studied hard. 2. 使用助动词 do( does,did ) 强调 强调句子谓语动词时 , 将助动词 do( does,did ) 置于动词原形之前 , 用来加强语气。 例 :Do be careful! 一定要细心 ! 例 :He does enjoy drawing. 他确实喜欢画画。 - 5 - 二、倒装句 1. 部分倒装 部分倒装指的是只将 be 动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前面。 (1) 表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时句子用部分倒装。常见的这类词或短语有 not,never,hardly,seldom,rarely,by no means,in no way,in no case,at no time 等。 例 :Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person. At no time should you touch it or get it hurt. (2)not only...but(also)... 连接两个分句 ,not only... 置于句首时 , 前一个分句用部分倒装。 例 :Not only do I enjoy less spare time,but I find myself even busier than before. - 6 - (3) 在 no sooner...than...,hardly(scarcely)...when... 结构中 ,no sooner/hardly(scarcely) 置于句首时 , 主句部分用部分倒装 , 且用过去完成时 ,than/when 后的句子用一般过去时。 例 :Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. No sooner had she seen him than she smiled. (4) 在 not...until... 结构中 , 当 not until... 置于句首时 , 主句 / 句子用部分倒装。 例 :Not until then did he know he lost his way. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (5)only 强调状语置于句首时 , 主句 / 句子用部分倒装。 例 :Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. - 7 - (6) so,neither,nor 置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时。 例 :We saw the film last week.So did they. I have never been abroad.Neither has he. (7) 在 so/such...that... 句型中 ,so/such... 置于句首时 , 主句用部分倒装。 例 :So moved was she that she could not say a word. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. (8) 虚拟条件句中如果有 were/had/should, 省略连词 if 时 ,were/had/should 要提到主语之前 , 构成部分倒装。 例 :Were they here now,they could help us. Had you come earlier,you would have met him. (9)neither...nor... 连接并列的句子 , 前后两个分句都要倒装。 例 :Neither do I know what has happened,nor do I care about it. - 8 - 2. 完全倒装 完全倒装指的是将谓语部分全部放在主语前面。 (1) 表示地点、方位的词 ( 短语 ), 或 there,here,now,then 等置于句首 , 且主语是名词时用完全倒装结构。 例 :Down came the rain. Here comes the train to Beijing. In the deep forest lies a lake,with a variety of fishes in it. On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple. (2) 主系表结构中的表语置于句首时。 例 :Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and many other guests. (3) 直接引语的一部分位于句首时。 例 :“ Exactly,”said my father,shaking the old man ’ s hand. - 9 - 三、省略句 1. 句子成分的省略 为了句子的简洁 , 一部分句子成分 , 如主语、主谓的一部分、表语、宾语、补语等可以省略掉。 例 :(You)Open the door,please . (You come)This way,please . —Do you know Tom? —I don ’ t know(him). My room is on the third floor and his(is)on the fifth (floor). I know that we will have an English competition but I don ’ t know when(we will have an English competition). Work hard when(you are)young or you ’ ll regret. Unless(it is)necessary you ’ d better not refer to the dictionary. If he doesn ’ t want to go there,don ’ t force him to(go there). - 10 - I don ’ t go swimming now but I used to(go swimming). 注意 : 不定式 to 之后的动词是 be 或 have 时 , 要保留 to 后的 be 和 have 。 2. 词的省略 (1) 宾语从句中的连词 that 一般可以省略 ;and 连接两个或两个以上的 that 引导的宾语从句 , 第一个 that 可省略。 例 :I hope(that)you ’ ll be fine soon. He said(that)the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it. (2) 定语从句中的关系代词 , 如在从句中作宾语可省略。 例 :Is this the reason(that)he explained at the meeting for his carelessness? - 11 - 四、祈使句 1. 否定式和强调式 例 :Don ’ t be so sure.( 否定式 ) 例 :Never come late.( 否定式 ) 例 :Please don ’ t forget to take your medicine.( 否定式 ) 例 :Do come on time this evening.( 强调式 ) 2. 带主语的祈使句 (1) 为了加强感情色彩或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时 , 需加主语 “you”, 有时还可同时加称呼语。 例 : Tom,you water the flowers! (2) 命令 / 吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时 , 祈使句需带主语 “you”, 还可同时带称呼。 例 : You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor. - 12 - 3. 祈使句 +and+ 陈述句 =If...,+ 主句 祈使句 +or+ 陈述句 =If...not...,+ 主句 例 :Work hard and you will succeed.(=If you work hard,you will succeed.) 例 :Hurry up or we will be late.(=If you don ’ t hurry up,we will be late.) - 13 - 五、反意疑问句 反意疑问句由两部分构成 : 前一部分用陈述句形式 , 后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。陈述部分用肯定形式时 , 附加问句部分用否定形式 , 反之亦然。附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定 , 而且主语必须是代词。 1. 陈述部分的主语是名词时 , 附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词。 例 :Your parents had a long talk with you last night,didn ’ t they? 2. 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时 , 反意疑问句的主语侧重全部用 they, 侧重个体用 he 。 例 :No one was there that day,was he/were they? 3. 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时 , 反意疑问句的主语用 it 。 例 :Everything that he says is true,isn ’ t it? - 14 - 4. 陈述部分的主语是 one 时 , 反意疑问句的主语在正式的场合用 one, 在非正式场合用 you 。 例 :One should be honest,shouldn ’ t one/you? 5. 陈述部分主语是指示代词时 , 反意疑问句的主语要用 it 或 they 。 例 :This is your car,isn ’ t it? Those are grapes,aren ’ t they? 6. 陈述部分是 there be 结构时 , 反意疑问句仍用 there 。 例 :There was a hospital here,wasn ’ t there? 7. 陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词 must 时 , 反意疑问句的动词与 must 后的动词一致。 例 :They must be sleeping then,weren ’ t they? 注意 : must 后接完成式 , 若表示对过去情况的推测 , 附加问句中动词用 didn ’ t; 若表示对已完成情况的推测 , 用 haven ’ t 或 hasn ’ t 。 - 15 - 8. 陈述部分含有否定词时 , 反意疑问句用肯定式。 例 :He is never late for school,is he? They seldom clean the room,do they? 注意 : 常见的否定词有 no,never,nothing,nowhere,rarely,hardly,seldom,few,little 等 ; 若陈述部分有带否定意义词缀的派生词 , 如 dislike,useless,unfair 等 , 后面的附加问句仍用否定式。 - 16 - 9. 陈述部分是祈使句时 , 反意疑问句用 will you 或 won ’ t you 。 例 :Look at the blackboard,will /won ’ t you? Don ’ t make any noise,will you? 注意 : 以 Let ’ s 开头的祈使句 , 反意疑问句用 shall we; 以 Let us/me 开头的祈使句 , 反意疑问句用 will you; 陈述部分是否定的祈使句 , 反意疑问句用 will you 或 can you 都可以。 10. 陈述部分是并列句时 , 反意疑问句与邻近的分句一致。 例 :She works hard and she is the best one in her factory, isn ’ t she? 11. 陈述部分是复合句时 , 反意疑问句与主句一致。 例 :When the teacher speaks in class,we have to keep quiet, don ’ t we? - 17 - 12. 陈述部分是否定转移句式时 , 反意疑问句与从句一致 , 且用肯定形式。 例 :I don ’ t think he will come,will he? 注意 : 在回答反意疑问句时 , 不管其陈述句部分是肯定的还是否定的 , 如果事实是肯定的 , 回答用 “yes+ 肯定的简略句 ”; 如果事实是否定的 , 回答用 “no+ 否定的简略句 ”, 形式要一致。陈述部分是否定形式时 , 答语中的 yes 译成 “ 不 ”,no 译成 “ 是 ” 。 —They haven ’ t been told the truth,have they? — Yes,they have./ No,they haven ’ t. - 18 - 第 2 步 真题试做 1 .(2017· 天津高考 )It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors. 2 .(2016· 课标高考 Ⅱ )It could be anything— gardening,cooking,music,sports —but whatever it is,____________ (make)sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. that 解析 : 此处是 “It is/was...that...” 强调句式 , 强调的是 when 引导的时间状语从句 , 故填 that 。 make 解析 : 句中动词短语置于句首 , 构成祈使句 , 故用动词原形。 - 19 - 3 .(2016· 天津高考 )You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. that 解析 : 本题考查强调句型 ,at the hotel 是被强调部分 , 缺少强调句式中的 that, 故填 that 。 - 20 - 第 3 步 模拟通关 1 .(2019· 广东佛山模拟 )I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol,and was my friend Mike. 2 .(2019· 广东中山模拟 )Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while (train) him. so 解析 : 根据句意判断 , 所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义 , 故用 so, 构成 “so+ 谓语动词 + 主语 ” 这种倒装结构 , 表示 “ …… 也 …… ” 。 training 解析 : 根据宾语 him 判断 ,train 在此是动词 , 其逻辑主语与句子主语一致 , 且二者为主动关系 , 故填现在分词。 while training him 相当于 while he trained him 的省略。 - 21 - 3 .(2019· 广东珠海阶段检测 )It’s true,but I heard some people find their better half through online dating. did 解析 : 根据主句时态 I heard 判断 ,hear 的宾语从句应该用一般过去时 , 而空格后是动词原形 find, 故空格处应填助动词 did, 一方面起强调作用 , 另一方面与 find 一起构成一般过去时态。 4 .(2019· 广东惠州月考 )It is one’s inner beauty matters. that 解析 : 所填词与句首的 It is 一起构成强调句式 , 被强调的是表示事物的句子的主语 , 故填 that 。 5 .(2019· 广东肇庆月考 )He said,“What a beautiful day! I wish I could go back to sleep!But now I have to go out and find some food.” How 解析 : 根据句子结构可知 , 空格所在句是一个感叹句 , 引导词修饰动词 , 故填 How 。查看更多