2019届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断类型解题指导课件（33张讲解练习答案）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解推理判断类型解题指导课件（33张讲解练习答案）

（ 阅读理解解题技巧 ------ 推理判断题型 ） 2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断类型解题技巧解读 阅读理解解题技巧 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求： 要求考生读懂简易的英语 文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志 中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1. 理解 主旨要义 ； 2. 理解文中 具体信息 ； 3. 根据上下文推断 生词的词义 ； 4. 做出简单 判断和推理 ； 5. 理解文章的 基本结构 ； 6. 理解作者的 意图和态度 ； 因此，有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种： 1. 主旨大意类 2. 事实细节类 3. 词义猜测类 4. 推理判断类 5. 篇章结构类 推理判断题： 高考重头戏， 20 个题中常有 6-8 个，着重考察学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 推理判断类解题要领： 1. 要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思， 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 2. 以原文内容为前提， 根据作者的观点理论 （非考生观点）， 客观的 对文中未说明的现象或事例给与合理的逻辑判断，做出一定解释。 推理判断题分类： 1. 推断 隐含意义 2. 推断 作者观点或态度 3. 推断 写作目的 4. 推断 文章出处或读者对象 一 . 如何推断隐含意义 ( 细节推断题 ) 1. 问题形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that____ (2) From the text we know that... is most likely ____ (3) When the writer talks about..., what the writer really means is____ (4) The writer suggests that____ (5) The story implies that____ (6) We can infer/ conclude from the passage that____ 2. 技巧点拨 考生要根据语篇中的 具体的内容和信息点 惊醒推断不能凭空猜测。 Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant ，“ I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches ( 蟑螂 ) and two spiders.” “ What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “ Well ，” replied the man ，“ I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q ： The passage suggests that when the man moved into the house, it was ______. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord 　　 C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant ，“ I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches ( 蟑螂 ) and two spiders.” “ What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “ Well ，” replied the man ，“ I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it. ” Q ： The passage suggests that when the man moved into the house, it was ______. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord 　　 C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects 例子 2 Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon”? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say: “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it. Q Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue moon”? A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon. B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon. C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in a blue moon. D. Cindy hates to stay up late, but she stays up late every day. Cindy stays up late once in a blue moon. 例子 2 Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon”? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say: “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it. Q Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue moon”? A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon. B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon. C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in a blue moon. D. Cindy hates to stay up late, but she stays up late every day. Cindy stays up late once in a blue moon. (2015·高考天津卷) I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的)experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?_______ A．The author has become a successful writer. B．The author’s mother read the same book. C．The author’s mother rewarded him with books. D．The author has had happy summers ever since. (2015·高考天津卷)I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的)experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?_______ A．The author has become a successful writer. B．The author’s mother read the same book. C．The author’s mother rewarded him with books. D．The author has had happy summers ever since. 【解析】 A 　推理判断题。根据本段的倒数第二句话．..she was proud that her son...authored his own books...可以得知， 作者的妈妈对自己的儿子读了很多书、创作出版了自己写的 书、文章、诗歌和小说等感到很自豪，由此可以推知，作者成为了一名成功的作家，A项所述符合题干要求。B项“作者的妈妈读了同样一本书”、C项“作者的妈妈奖励给他 书”、D项“作者自那之后度过了很多快乐的暑期”均为干扰项。 技巧点拨 对于细节推断题来说，根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力，推断出文章更深层的含义。同时还要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上，设身处地地考虑实际情景，并据此展开合理的想象和推理。主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。 二 说明作者的观点态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点和态度倾向进行分析，识别的能力。 常见的命题形式有： the attitude of the author towards something is ___ the writer of the passage seems to think that ____ what's the writer's attitude towards-----? what is the author's opinion on----? what does the author think about /think of ----? 二 （忘了）说明作者的 观点 态度的常用词语有： positive approval supportive enthusiastic active ； favorable optimistic objective negative inactive/passive pessimistic unfavorable disapproval disgusted critical indifferentdisppointed ironic critical subjective doubtful / sceptical worried / concerned neutral unclear ambiguous humorous uninterested 二 （忘了）说明作者的 观点 态度的常用词语有： positive 积极的 approval 赞同的 supportive 支持的 enthusiastic 热情的 active 活跃的；积极的 favorable 支持的 optimistic 乐观的 objective 客观的 negative 消极的 inactive/passive 不活跃的；消极的 pessimistic 悲观的 unfavorable 不支持的 disapproval 不赞同的 disgusted 厌恶的 critical 批评的 indifferent 漠不关心的 disppointed 失望的 ironic 讽刺的 critical 批判的，善于评论的，挑剔的 subjective 主观的 doubtful / sceptical 怀疑的 worried / concerned 担忧的 neutral 中立的 unclear 不明的 ambiguous 模棱两可的 humorous 幽默的 uninterested 不感兴趣的 Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK ， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them ， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions ； he answers questions. He never says ，“ I don’t know.” Q ： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude to Mr. Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff. D. He does not like Mr. Neff. Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK ， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them ， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask questions ； he answers questions. He never says ，“ I don’t know.” Q ： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude to Mr. Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff. D. He does not like Mr. Neff. ( 全国卷 ) The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素 C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. ( 全国卷 ) The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素 C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. 根据红色部分可以看出作者厌倦了纽约的冬天，因为那里根本没有乐趣同时也厌倦了冬天的根茎类蔬菜，所以可以推断出作者认为纽约的冬天是令人厌烦，枯燥和单调的。 ( 湖北高考 ) On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie eslewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 69. What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? A. Contradictory. B. Supportive. C . Cautious. D. Critical. ( 湖北高考 ) On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie eslewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 69. What is the author’s general attitude towards the book? A. Contradictory. B. Supportive. C . Cautious. D. Critical. 【解析】首先，此题型与上一题类似，是关于作者的态度的。同样，需要去找作者的关于观点或者评论的词语或句子。 On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, some chapters stand out above the rest…… On the whole（总体而言）=general attitude，the book对应 Brooks’s story，众位看官们，我们来瞅瞅后面是啥，acceptable，但是还有一个if…,再看mostly，别停，咱继续找评论，some…the rest,很明显是找抽的节奏啊，你丫的骨头里挑刺呢？critical （挑剔的，批评的）这不是说你的吗？所以答案选D. 技巧点拨 如何解答心思难猜的观点态度类推理判断题目呢？ 1 ，一般来说，作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确，要么反对要么支持，带有中立色彩的词语通常是错误的。 2 ，正确把握文章字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点。 3 ，因为作者往往不直接提出自己的态度或立场，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向，所以考生在读文章是要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，表达情感的语句。 4 ，要区分不同人物的观点，甄别出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语一般是当事人的观点而不是作者的。作者观点一般用 in my view,in my opinion ,personally ,i think , i hold 等引出。 三 . 如何推断写作目的，作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的 事实 ，客观的使读者信服某想法和观点。 1. 问题形式 （ 1 ）考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer's purpose/intention/aim of writing this passage is to____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to ____. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有以下三种： (1) to entertain readers ( 娱乐读者，让人发笑 ) 常见于 故事类 的文章。 to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience (2) to persuade readers ( 说服读者接受某种观点 ) 常见于 广告类 的文章。 to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors/readers/audience (3) to provide some information ( 告知或提供给读者一些信息 ) 常见于 科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类 的文章 （ 2 ）考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example of...to show that____. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to____. C. ....are mentioned in the first paragraph to____. 四 . 如何推断文章出处或者读者对象 1. 问题形式 The passage is most likely to be taken from ____ Where would this passage most probably appear ? The passage is most likely a part of ____. where does this passage probably come from ? 2. 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： （ 1 ）报纸：前面会出现 日期、地点、或通讯社名称 （ 2 ）广告：因其格式特殊容易辨认 （ 3 ）产品说明： 器皿、设备 的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而 药品 的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 （ 4 ）网络：出现点击此处 click here ，点击网址 www.dfyz.com.cn ，在下面评论区留言 leave your comments/share your opinion below 等关键词。 (2015·高考广东卷)When I grew up and entered the business world，I remember hearing my first boss say，“We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn’t completely make sense.My dad never once said，“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was，“You need to think like a fish.” Years later，with great efforts to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me，I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters. This passage most likely comes from ________． A．a fishing guide B．a popular sales book C．a novel on childhood D．a millionaire’s biography (2015·高考广东卷)When I grew up and entered the business world，I remember hearing my first boss say，“We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn’t completely make sense.My dad never once said，“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was，“You need to think like a fish.” Years later，with great efforts to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me，I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters. This passage most likely comes from ________． A．a fishing guide B．a popular sales book C．a novel on childhood D．a millionaire’s biography 【解析】　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是最后一句话“I will show you how in the following chapters.”可知，本文很有可能来自一本有关销售的书。 B 课堂小结 课堂总结： 做推理判断题要注意两点 ：一是推理，二是判断，两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推断题结论要靠推断得出，而不是照搬原文。但是，推理时务必忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的线索和依据，切忌随意揣测，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。 总之 ：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。 课后作业 复习推理判断题的特点 下课了，期待再见！