2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit8Adventure学案(6)

2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit8Adventure学案(6)

Unit 8 Adventure WORDS & EXPRESSIONS ‎ ‎ function ‎【归纳】function既可作不及物动词又可作名词。‎ ‎★ 作不及物动词时，意为：①运转；②起……的作用（常与as连用）。如：‎ The machine won’t function well if you don’t oil it.‎ The sofa can also function as a bed.‎ ‎★ 作名词时，意为“作用，功能”。如：‎ The brain performs a very important function; it controls the nervous system of the body.‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. When her mother was ill, the girl had to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (既当厨师又当护士).‎ ‎2. The new cell phone will ________ ________ ________ ________ (发挥很多功能).‎ 参考答案　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ function ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. function as both cook and nurse ‎ ‎2. perform lots of functions aim ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳aim的意思及用法。‎ ‎1. The main aim of the course is to improve your writing. ‎ ‎2. She started the organisation with the aim of helping local people.‎ ‎3. You will have to work hard to achieve your aim. ‎ ‎4. His aim was terrible and he missed the fox.‎ ‎5. Sally took aim at a bird and fired. ‎ ‎6. Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth.‎ ‎7. Eric said he would aim for the 100 metres world record at the world championships in August.‎ ‎8. We aim to finish by Friday.‎ ‎9. The new measures are aimed at reducing road accidents.‎ ‎【自我归纳】aim既可作名词也可作动词。‎ ‎★ aim作名词时，意为：①________ （常与of连用，常用搭配：with the aim of，achieve one’s aim）（句1-句3）；②瞄准（常用短语：take aim at把目标对准某人或某事物）（句4、句5）。 ‎ ‎★ aim作动词时，意为：①力求达到，力争做到（常与at, for或不定式连用）（句6-句8）；②目的是，旨在（常用搭配：be aimed at）（句9）。‎ ‎【拓展】aimless adj. 意为“无目标的，无计划的”。如：‎ She said that her life seemed aimless after her children left home.‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。‎ ‎1. We ____________________  (应该努力争取) a bigger share of the market. ‎ ‎2. She went to London ____________________ (是为了找工作).‎ ‎3. David’s ____________________  (瞄得准) and he hit the lion with his first shot.‎ ‎4. These measures ____________________  (旨在防止暴力犯罪).‎ 参考答案 aim ‎【自我归纳】目的，目标 ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. should aim for  ‎ ‎2. with the aim of finding a job  ‎ ‎3. aim was good  ‎ ‎4. are aimed at preventing violent crime  ‎ observe ‎【归纳】observe是动词，意为：①观察，注视，监视；② 留心到，注意到，看到（后可接名词、从句、复合结构）；③遵守，遵循；④庆祝，过（某种节日）；⑤说话，评论。如：‎ As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of birds.‎ Then Lucy began to observe a curious phenomenon.‎ I observed that Tom locked the door with the windows open.‎ She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the street.‎ People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.‎ Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? ‎ ‎“Martin is a fine young man,” observed Stephen.‎ ‎【即学即练】写出下面句子中画线部分的中文释义。‎ ‎1. Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. ________‎ ‎2. The police have been observing his movements. ________‎ ‎3. I have very little to observe on what has been said. ________‎ ‎4. So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides. ________‎ ‎5. It was observed as a general holiday by the American people. ________‎ 参考答案 observe ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. 留心到，注意到，看到 2. 观察，监视 ‎3. 评论 4. 遵守，遵循 5. 庆祝，过（某种节日）‎ ‎ stand by ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-c中找出与1-3中的stand by相符合的释义。‎ ‎1. She stood by her decision and nobody could change her mind.‎ ‎2. No matter what happens, I’ll stand by you, so don’t be afraid.‎ ‎3. How could you stand by when such an accident happened?‎ a. 支持，帮助      b. 坚持，遵守 c. 袖手旁观，无动于衷 ‎【自我归纳】 通过观察上面的句子，我们可以知道stand by的意思分别为：1 → __________；2 → __________；3 → __________。‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词，含缩略词）。‎ ‎1. ________ ________ ________ ________ (我们不能袖手旁观) and watch her die. ‎ ‎2. We knew ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (他们都会支持我们) no matter ‎ what we’d done. ‎ ‎3. She still ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (恪守她说过的每一句话).  ‎ 参考答案 stand by ‎【自我归纳】 1. b   2. a   3. c  ‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. We can’t stand by ‎2. they would stand by us ‎3. stands by every word she said break down ‎【归纳】break down意为：①（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉；②失败；③被搞垮，垮掉；④情不自禁地哭起来。如：‎ The printing machines are always breaking down.‎ The talks between the two sides have broken down. ‎ Her health broke down under the pressure of work.‎ Linda broke down in tears when she heard the news.‎ ‎【拓展】常见的含break的短语有：‎ break off 折断；停顿，中断 break out （战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发；逃离（某地），摆脱（某状况）‎ break through 冲破，突破；从云层后露出；克服，战胜 break up 粉碎，破碎；解散；（学校）期终放假；变得虚弱，垮掉 ‎【即学即练】用含break的短语的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. She ________ the glass in her search for money.‎ ‎2. The Second World War ________ in September, 1939. ‎ ‎3. The car ________ just north of Paris, so they were late. ‎ ‎4. He ________ a piece of chocolate and offered it to me.  ‎ ‎5. Scientists hope to ________ soon in their fight against heart disease.‎ ‎6. He ________ and wept when he heard the news.‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 break down ‎【即学即练】1. broke up   2. broke out   3. broke down 4. broke off  5. break through  6. broke down ‎ SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS ‎ 请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。‎ ‎1. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer‎ ‎Palace which he described as “The greatest palace that ever was ... The walls were covered in gold and silver and the Hall was so large it could easily seat 6,000 people for dinner.”  (P26)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句是He was very ... the Summer Palace。which引导定语 从句修饰________，且在从句中作described的宾语。引号中的内容作as的宾语。引号中，‎ that ever was ...是定语从句，修饰先行词palace，且在从句中作主语。The walls ... for dinner 是由and（第二个）连接的并列复合句，其中it could easily seat 6,000 people for dinner是省 略了that的结果状语从句。seat在此作及物动词，意为“可坐……人，能容纳……人”。 ‎ ‎【句意】北京和皇宫给他留下了十分深刻的印象，尤其是夏宫，他称之为“迄今最宏伟的宫殿……它的墙用黄金和白银覆盖，宫殿大到可以容纳6000人同时进餐。”‎ ‎【仿写】这座办公楼给安留下了十分深刻的印象，尤其是餐厅，她称之为“迄今最棒的餐厅……桌子上盖着漂亮的桌布，大厅大到可以容纳300人同时进餐。”‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2. Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco’s stories ‎ about China were too fantastic to be true. (P26) ‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Although 引导________ 状语从句。that引导宾语从句，该 从句用了too … to … 结构表示“太……以致不能/无法……”。‎ ‎【句意】虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可的关于中国的故事太离奇而不足信。‎ ‎【仿写】虽然父母往常都很支持詹妮的决定，但他们认为她还太小不能一个人去周游世界。‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎3. Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied, “I have only told a half of what I saw!” (P26)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Marco was asked the question为主句。“Was it all true?”是________的同位语。Just before he died, aged 70是时间状语从句；to which he replied, ... 是非限制性定语从句，引号中是回答的内容；aged 是形容词，意为“有……岁的”。‎ ‎【句意】马可70岁去世，临终前，有人问他：“你讲的故事都是真的吗？” 他回答道：“我讲的只是我所看到的一半。”‎ ‎【仿写】55岁的亨利辞去了导演的工作，在那之后他开始写作。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎4. We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. (P28)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。前一分句的主句是We knew, that（第一个）引导宾语从句；后一分句中的though引导________状语从句，主句中含有一个由that（第二个）引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎【句意】我们知道可怜的欧茨在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻拦，但我们都知道这是勇敢者的举动，是英国绅士的行为。‎ ‎【仿写】我们知道可怜的马丁正在冒险，尽管我们试图阻拦，但我们知道这是勇敢者的举动，是一位父亲的行为。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________ ‎ 参考答案 ‎1. 【分析】the Summer Palace ‎【仿写】Ann was very impressed by the office building, especially the dining hall which she described as “The greatest dining hall that ever was ... The tables were covered with beautiful cloth and the hall was so large it could seat 300 people for dinner.” ‎ ‎2.【分析】让步 ‎【仿写】Although Jenny’s parents usually supported her decisions, they thought she was too young to travel around the world alone. ‎ ‎3.【分析】question ‎【仿写】Henry, aged 55 quitted his job as a director, after which he started to write.‎ ‎4.【分析】让步 ‎【仿写】We knew that poor Martin was taking a risk, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and a father.‎ GRAMMAR ‎ 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 ‎【语境展示】仔细观察A、B两组句子，并注意它们的不同点。‎ A ‎ ‎1. He is the man who / that lives next door.‎ ‎2. The man (that / who / whom) you met at the school gate yesterday is Tom’s uncle.‎ ‎3. The river which / that runs through the city center brings us lots of pleasure.‎ ‎4. This is the factory where / in which I once worked for 3 years.‎ ‎5. This is the singer whose name is known to all of us.‎ ‎6. Do you still remember the days when / on which we stayed together in the countryside?‎ ‎7. The woman with whom you shook hands just now is the head of the company.‎ ‎8. I don’t know the reason (why / for which / that) he came here.‎ B ‎ ‎1. Bessie is our monitor, who is kind and always ready to help others.‎ ‎2. The students went to the hospital to see Miss Wang, whom they respect greatly.‎ ‎3. The 10:00 train, which is usually on time, was late today.‎ ‎4. The film Life of Pi, which I have seen three times, is well worth seeing again.‎ ‎5. Mr. King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.‎ ‎6. They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw George Bernard Shaw’s My Fair Lady.‎ ‎7. This house, for which he paid $150, 000, is now worth $300,000.‎ ‎8. Mary is very patient with the children, which her husband seldom is.‎ ‎9. My brother wasn’t listening to me, which made me angry.‎ ‎【自我归纳】‎ 通过观察我们可以发现：A组句子中的定语从句都是限制性的，B组句子中的定语从句都是非限制性的。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句主要有以下区别：‎ ‎1. 功能不同 ‎        限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整、不明确或失去意义（A组句子）。‎ ‎        非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整（B组句子）。‎ ‎2. 形式不同 ‎        限制性定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开（A组句子）；非限制性定语从句和主句之间通常用_________分开（B组句子）。‎ ‎3. 关系词不同 ‎        关系词________和________可用于限制性定语从句中（A组句1~句3、句8），通常不用于非限制性定语从句中。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中，关系词一般不可省略。   ‎ 注意：‎ ‎●无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，无论先行词是人还是物，只要关系词在从句中作_________语，都用whose（A组句5；B组句5）。‎ ‎●关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句（A组句4、句6、句7、句8；B组句7）。‎ ‎4. 先行词不同 ‎      限制性定语从句的先行词通常只能是名词或代词（A组），而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词（B组句1~句7），也可以是一个句子的部分或_________（B组句8、句9）。‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ I.‎‎ 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。‎ ‎1. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ (where / which) sight matters more than hearing. ‎ ‎2. His restaurant on Baker Street, ________ (that / which) used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.  ‎ ‎3. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ (for which / of which) had taken more than three years.  ‎ ‎4. My wife, ________ (who / when) is out at the moment, will phone you when she gets back.  ‎ ‎5. Frank’s first visit was in October, ________ (where / when) she opened the new hospital.  ‎ II. 选用方框内合适的关系词填空。‎ that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why ‎1. Do you still remember the days ________ we stayed together in junior school?‎ ‎2. Kevin is reading a book ________ is too difficult for him.‎ ‎3. The boy with ________ John spoke is my brother.‎ ‎4. Mr. Li, ________ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. ‎ ‎5. Mary, ________ children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.‎ ‎6. The city ________ I grew up is a very beautiful place.‎ ‎7. They dislike Tom, ________ is not surprising.‎ ‎8. I went to the old house in ________ my grandmother used to live.‎ ‎9. Please give me the reason ________ you were late again.‎ ‎10. You should apologize to your friend ________ bike you lost.‎ III. 将下面两个句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句。‎ ‎1. The note was left by Tom. He was here a moment ago.‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎2. I’ll never forget those days. I worked together with you.‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎3. Please pass me the book. Its cover is green.‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎4. Jinan is a nice city. It attracts many visitors every year.‎ ‎________________________________ ‎ 参考答案 ‎【自我归纳】 2. 逗号  3. that；why；定  4. 全部 ‎【即学即练】 ‎ I. 1. where  2. which       3. of which  4. who         5. when II. 1. when 2. which / that       3. whom  4. who  5. whose             ‎ ‎6. where 7. which      8. which    9. why / that   10. whose III. 1. The note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.‎ ‎2. I’ll never forget those days when / in which I worked together with you.‎ ‎3. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.‎ ‎4. Jinan, which is a nice city, attracts many visitors every year. / Jinan is a nice city which attracts many visitors every year.‎