2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词课件(共45张PPT)

2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词课件(共45张PPT)

2019 届二轮 复习 语法 专题 Article Do the  exercises  individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1-5 The , a; the; the, a; The, the; a 6-10 an; the, a; a, the; The, a; a 不使用冠词 定冠词 不定冠词 a an the 零冠词 冠词的 分类 考点题例一 1. It was ____cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____night sky. a the 解析：句意：那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空明亮地闪耀着。第一空用不定冠词表示泛指；第二空表示特指： the night sky 夜空。 2. Animals are obviously ____lower form of life than man. a 解析：句意：动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。此处表泛指故用不定冠词 a. 3. Sarah looked at ____finished painting with satisfaction. the 解析：句意： Sarah 满意地看着那副已经完成的绘画。根据句意可知，空格后的名词 painting 在此处表示特指，故用定冠词 the. 泛指 a/an + 单数名词。 A (= One ) horse is enough.( 表数量 ) a/an + 单数名词。 A horse is a large four-legged animal.( 强调类别中任何一个的特点 ) the + 单数名词。 I think the most useful animal is the horse .( 强调整个类别 ) 零冠词 + 复数名词或不可数名词。 Horses are useful animals.( 强调类别中的许多个体 ) 特指 the + 单数名词 / 复数名词 / 不可数名词 The book on the desk is mine.( 表特指 ) 举一反三 1. Laszlo Biro invented ____ballpoint pen. 解析： the+ 单数名词，表示强调整个类别。 2. The biggest whale is ____blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long--the height of ____9-story building. 解析：第一空表示特指；第二空表示泛指。 the the a 考点题 例二 1. People develop ____ preference for a particular style of learning at ____early age and these preferences affect learning. a an 解析：句意：人们在小的时候就会形成一种对特定的学习风格的喜好，这些喜好影响（一个人的）学习。第一空需要填上 a 表示“一种喜好 / 偏好”，而第二空是习惯用法， at an early age “在小时候”。 2. The “Chinese Dream ” is ____dream to improve people’s well-being and ____dream of harmony, peace and development. a a 解析：句意：“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦。 dream 是可数名词，此处用不定冠词 a 表示“一个”的意思。 不定冠词 不定冠词有 a, an 两种形式。 a 用 在以 辅音音素 开头的单词前。 an 用在以 元音音素 开头的单词前。 e.g. ___ book ___ egg a an 2. 基本用法：指人或事物的 某一种类 。 e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩。 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌。 3. 泛指 某人或者某物，但又不具体说明 何人何物。 e.g. I can see a kite. 我能看见一只风筝 。 4. 表示“ 数量 ” ，有“一” 、“每一”的意思。 e.g. We have six classes a day. 我们一天上六节课。 5. 表示 one, the same 或 every 的意思。 e.g. They are of an age.(=the same) 他们年龄相同。 I will return in a day or two.(=one) 我将在一两天后回来。 6. 含有不定冠词的常用短语 have a cold 得了感冒 have a good time 玩得高兴 all of a sudden 突然 你还知道其他不定冠词短语吗？ 举一反三 1. I earn 10 dollars ____hour as ____supermarket cashier on Saturdays. an a 2. The teacher asked us to write ____800-word-long composition. an 考点题 例三 1. Do you know ____girl in the room? the 解析：表示特指的名词前用 the. 2. Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us ____same advantage as making new friends in the real world. the 解析：句意：更严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与现实世界交友同样的益处。 the same …as… 和 …… 一样的。 3. I tried to appear at ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on ____cheek. the 解析：句意：当外宾吻我的面颊以示欢迎时，我努力看上去不拘束。本题考查“动词 + sb.+ on + the+ 身体部位”这一固定结构。 4. We all hold ____view that the director in charge should bear the full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai. the 解析：句意：我们都持有这个观点，即相关负责人应该对上海的那场火灾负全责。根据句意可知 view 在本句中表示特指，故与定冠词连用。 定冠词 1. 基本用法：“ 特指 ”，特指某（些）人 或者 某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物 有 所区别。 e.g. The book on the desk is Jim’s. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的。 　 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里。 2. 指谈话 双方都知道 的人或事物。 e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？ （双方都知道指的是哪只风筝。） 　 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 （双方都知道要打开哪扇门。） 3. 在叙述中， 上文提到过的人或者事物 ， 再次出现时。 e.g. A: I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝。 B: Where is the kite? 这个风筝在哪里？ 4. 用在 姓氏的复数名词前 ，表示“一家人”。 e.g. the Blacks 布莱克一家 5. 用在 宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前 。 e.g. the sun the sky the moon the earth 6. 用在 序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词 only, very, same 前 。 e.g. I live on the second floor. 　　　　 我住在二楼。 　 Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动。 7. 与单数名词连用 表示一类事物 。 e.g. the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 与形容词或分词连用， 表示一类人 。 e.g. the living 生者 the dead 死人 the poor 穷人 8. 用在 表示乐器的名词之前 。 e.g. the violin the piano 9. 用在 年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前或用在表示方位的名词前 。 the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 the south 南方 / 部 10. 用在 表度量单位的名词前 ，表示“每一”。 We got paid by the month. 我们按月计酬。 11. “ 动词 +sb.+ 介词 +the + 身体某一部位 ”结构中的 the 不可用物主代词代替。 take sb. by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. 一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。 12. 定冠词的 固定结构 in the end 最后，终于 make the most /best of 充分利用 开动脑洞，想想还有吗？ 举一反三 1. The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ____sea. the 2. Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take ____place of George. the 3. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ____Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ____thirteenth century. the the 考点题 例四 1. In the summer holiday following ____ my eighteenth birthday , I took driving lessons.(2017 新课标 I) / 解析：名词前有形容词性物主代词 my 限定，故使用零冠词。 2. At ____ first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.(2016 课标 Ⅲ) / 零冠词 1. 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指 ，用零冠词。 My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble. 我父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。 2. “零冠词 + 单数名词 +as/though+ 主语 + 谓语 + 主句” ，意为“虽然 / 尽管 …… ，但是 …… ” Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. 虽然他是英雄，但他也有一些缺点。 3. 名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any 等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词以及名词所有格等限定时不再用冠词。 1 ） She is not my type of woman. 她不是我心目中的那类女人。 2 ） His heart was beating wildly with fear. 他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。 3 ） He went to some place in France. 他到法国某地去了。 4 ） Each student must hand in his exercise book. 每个学生必须上交作业本。 4. 零冠词的 用法口诀 月、季、星期、节假、洲， 称呼、头衔、职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语； 学科、棋类名词前。 A year can be divided into four seasons--- spring , summer , autumn and winter . 一年可以分为四季 ----- 春、夏、秋、冬。 He has no lessons on Sundays . 他周日没有课。 Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting. 李先生是本次会议的主席。 零冠词的用法口诀是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，要视情况而定。 Autumn is a harvest season. 秋季是收获的季节。 The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010. 这个组织是在 2010 年春天成立的。 5. 高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是： baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space( 太空 ) ， advice , word(=news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth 等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。 Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space . 除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。 6. 系动词 turn( 变成 ) 后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。 Has he turned scientist ? 他成为科学家了吗？ 7. 固定搭配 e.g. at night at table by bike at home watch TV at work 下列词组中，有无冠词意义不同。 go to school _______ go to the school _______ 上学 去学校 take place 　 ______ take the place of ______ 发生 代替 in front of ____________ in the front of ____________ 在 …… 的前面 在 …… 的前部 我们一起回忆还有哪些呢？ E.g. He is sitting in the front of the bus. He is standing in front of the bus. 举一反三 1. I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground. / 解析：句意：今天早上我步行上学时看到了一位手拿拐杖的老妇人躺在地上。 catch sight of 为固定短语，意为看见。故去掉 a 。 2. One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 解析：球类名词需与零冠词连用，故将 basketball 前的 the 去掉。 3. Hearing that, I pushed myself harder and began making a rapid progress. / 解析： progress 为不可数名词，表示泛指时，需与零冠词连用。 / 1. Four and ____half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and we just had ____break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 2. He missed ____gold in the high jump, but will get ____second chance in the long jump. 3. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up ____meat processing factory of his own one day. a a the a a Ⅰ .Fill in the blanks with proper articles. 4. I woke up with ____bad headache, yet by ____evening the pain had gone. a the 5. We are said to be living in ____Information Age, ____time of new discoveries and great changes. the a 6.—Have you heard of ____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh, really? It will be ____shock to the world. the a 1. Twice a day, someone is scheduled to take him out for walk. walk 前加 a 2.During the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday. different holiday 前加 a 3. Please let me know if it will be OK. Give me call. call 前加 a Ⅱ .Correction 4. But in that case, we will learn little about world. world 前加 the 5. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. kitchen 前加 the 6. We must found ways to protect your environment. your 改为 the 1. 我们的折叠桌是个很方便的家具。 Our folding table is a great convenience . 2. 他从头到脚都被雪覆盖。 He is covered with snow from head to foot. 3. 摄影是一种艺术。 Photography is an art . 4. 这起犯罪行为很快被发现了。 The crime was soon discovered. Ⅲ .Translation 5. 他以幽默大师闻名，但他现在没有什么幽默了。 He was famed as a wit , but he has no wit now. 6. 牛奶可以用来制作黄油和奶酪。 Milk is made into butter and cheese . 7. 在村与村之间，你几乎看不到一个人。 You saw hardly a soul between the villages. 8. 知识总是在扩充。 Knowledge is always expanding. When I walked down ____Third Avenue, as ____rule, I used to look into the window of ____old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against ____windows to get ____small look at the treasures inside. the a an the a Ⅳ .Complete the passage with proper articles. Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for ____long time, but I knew their ____ beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were ____most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about ____ old people, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. a the / / I was raised by my grandmother and given ____deep sense of the value of ____ experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all ____people around her. She was known to be ____wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years. a the a / Thank you!