2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes学案(1)

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes学案(1)

必修1　Unit 4　Earthquakes 重点单词 ‎1．crack n．裂缝；噼啪声　vt.& vi.(使)开裂；破裂 ‎2．event n．事件；大事 ‎3．ruin n．废墟；毁灭　vt.毁灭；使破产 ‎4．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎5．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的 ‎6．trap vt.使陷入困境　n．陷阱；困境 ‎7．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎8．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处　vt.掩蔽，遮蔽；庇护 ‎9．damage n．& vt.损失；损害 ‎10．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地 ‎11．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎12．headline n．报刊的大字标题 ‎13．earthquake；quake n．地震 ‎14．burst n．突然破裂；爆发　vi.爆裂；爆发→burst (过去式)→burst (过去分词)‎ ‎15．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的→nationality n．国籍 ‎16．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极其；非常 ‎17．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的 ‎18．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction n．毁坏；毁灭 ‎19．shock vt.‎& vi.(使)震惊；震动　n．休克；打击；震惊→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 ‎20．rescue n．& vt.援救；营救→rescuer n．救援者 ‎21．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电气科学的 ‎22．disaster n．灾难；灾祸→disastrous adj.毁灭性的；灾难的 ‎23．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n．矿工 ‎24．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening ‎ adj.令人恐惧的 ‎25．congratulation n．祝贺；(pl.)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺 ‎26．judge n．裁判员；法官　vt.断定；判断；判决→judg(e)ment n．意见；判断力；审判 ‎ ‎27．express vt.表示；表达　n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表示；表情 重点短语 ‎1．right_away 立刻；马上　　　　　　　　‎ ‎2．as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎3．at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎ ‎4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎5．dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎ ‎6．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 ‎7．judge_by/from 根据/由……判断 ‎ ‎8．be_buried_in 埋头于 重点句型 ‎1．部分否定的用法 All hope was not lost.(教材P26)‎ ‎2．everywhere引导状语从句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)‎ ‎3．“all of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(教材P30)‎ ‎4．be doing sth when…意为“正在做某事这时(突然)……”‎ The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.(教材P31)‎ 语法要点 定语从句(Ⅰ)(that, which, who和whose引导)‎ ‎1．A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.(教材P26)‎ ‎2．The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.(教材P26)‎ ‎3．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.(教材P26)‎ ‎4．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(教材P26)‎ ‎1burst　vi.& vt.‎(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发；突然出现 n．[C]突然破裂；爆发 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(教材P26)‎ 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。‎ ‎(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入 ‎(2) 突然哭起来/笑起来 ‎(3)burst into ‎(4)burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支 ‎(5)a burst of 一阵……‎ ‎①The police burst in/into the house and arrested the gang.‎ 警察突然闯进房子逮捕了那帮人。‎ ‎②Aileen burst out crying (cry) for a while, and burst into laughter (laugh) for another moment, which left us at a loss.‎ 艾琳一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。‎ ‎③He burst with anger when he found out the truth.‎ 当发现真相后他勃然大怒。‎ ‎④Reading The Emperor's New Clothes, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness.‎ 读了《皇帝的新装》，我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。‎ ‎2ruin　n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[pl.] 废墟；遗迹 vt.毁坏；(使)破产；(使)堕落 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(教材P26)‎ 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。‎ ‎(1) ‎(2)ruin ‎①A large number of churches fell into ruin after the war. ‎ 战争过后，许多教堂都被毁了。‎ ‎②Bad weather ruined our holidays.‎ 坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。‎ ‎3injure　vt.损害；伤害 Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(教材P26)‎ 他们中有三分之二的人在地震中伤亡。‎ ‎(1)injure one's pride/feelings/reputation ‎ 伤害某人的自尊心/感情/名声 ‎(2) ‎(3) ‎①This could seriously injure the company's reputation. ‎ 这会严重损害公司的声誉。‎ ‎②Her boyfriend was badly injured in an accident and he may become a vegetable.‎ 她男朋友在事故中受伤严重，可能会变成植物人。‎ ‎③When we reached the scene of the accident, we were told that the injured (injure) had been sent to the nearest hospital.‎ 当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。‎ ‎④Last week, four police officers suffered serious injuries (injure) in the explosion.‎ 上周，4名警官在爆炸中受重伤。‎ ‎【比较网站】‎ injure 指由于意外或事故而受伤，精神上的伤害多用hurt。‎ hurt 受伤，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。‎ wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争中、战斗中受伤。‎ ‎4bury　vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(教材P26)‎ 军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。‎ ‎(1) 埋头于……；专心于……‎ ‎(2)bury one's face/head in (one's) hands双手掩面/抱头 ‎①Ever since he moved there, he has_buried (bury) himself in his research work.‎ ‎＝Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.‎ 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。‎ ‎②Buried (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.‎ 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。‎ ‎③She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news.‎ 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。‎ ‎【提示】 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：‎ be devoted to, be lost/engaged/absorbed in, focus/concentrate on, fix/concentrate one's attention on。‎ ‎5judge　n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one ‎ this year.(教材P30)‎ 五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。‎ ‎(1) ‎(2)judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断 ‎(3) ‎①If he had played a part in the film, he would have_been_judged (judge) to be the best actor this year.‎ 如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。‎ ‎②Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a book by/from its cover.‎ 从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。‎ ‎③In my judgement (judge), it is necessary to pay him a visit.‎ 在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。‎ ‎【提示】 judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ ‎1at an end　结束；终结 It seemed as if the world was at an end! (教材P26)‎ 似乎世界末日来临了！‎ ‎(1) ‎(2)make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎(3) ‎(4) ‎①They had reached a divorce settlement, which effectively announced their marriage came to an end.‎ 他们已经签署离婚协议，该协议正式宣告他们婚姻的终结。‎ ‎②Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.‎ 她的忽然到来使他们的会议终止了。‎ ‎③His efforts were well paid in the end.‎ 他的努力终于得到了回报。‎ ‎④At first the actor refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)．‎ 最初这名男演员拒绝承担有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。‎ ‎2a‎ (great) number of　许多；大量的 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(教材P27)‎ 那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。‎ ‎(1) ‎(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语 ‎(3)＋不可数名词 ‎(4) ‎(5)many a＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语 ‎①Now a great number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份高薪的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ ‎②A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.‎ 一位普通工人向一所大学捐赠了很多钱，这引起了公众的关注。‎ ‎③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.‎ 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。‎ ‎【提示】 “large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎1all…not…并非所有的……都……‎ All hope was not lost.(教材P26)‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎【句式点拨】‎ 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all…not…＝not all…，意为“并非所有的……都……”。‎ ‎(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。‎ ‎①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.‎ ‎＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren't fit for them.‎ 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。‎ ‎②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything.‎ 我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。‎ ‎③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.‎ 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。‎ ‎2be doing sth when…意为“正在做某事这时(突然)……”‎ The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.(教材P31)‎ 那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。‎ ‎【句式点拨】‎ 句中when为连词，引导时间状语从句，意义上相当于at that time，意为“就在这时(那时)”，往往具有突然性。‎ ‎①I was going out when I heard a knock at the door. ‎ 我正要出门时听到了敲门声。‎ ‎②I was_having (have) supper when it suddenly rained. ‎ 我正在吃饭，这时突然下起雨来。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 ‎ when用作此意义的连词时的常见句型有：‎ ‎(1)be doing sth when 正在做某事，这时(突然)……‎ ‎(2)be about to do sth when 正准备做某事，突然……‎ ‎(3)be on the point of doing sth when 正要做某事，这时……‎ ‎(4)had just done sth when 刚做完某事，突然……‎ Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)‎ ‎1．Her friends expressed their congratulations (congratulate) to her when they heard the good news.‎ ‎2．We were_shocked (shock) when we heard they had got killed in the accident.‎ ‎3．There is worldwide concern about the destruction (destroy) of the rainforests. ‎ ‎4．It is useless (use) arguing with Bradford, because he is too stubborn.‎ ‎5．She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something.‎ ‎6. As an old saying goes, failure is never quite so frightening (frighten) as regret.‎ ‎7．A number of bombs have exploded in the downtown, seriously injuring (injure) at least five people.‎ ‎8．The doctor's reputation(名声) was_ruined (ruin) in the accident. Nobody believed that he was innocent.‎ ‎9．Knowing someone else cares and hearing an expression (express) of that caring make us ‎ feel less alone.‎ ‎10．Even if you're running on a path or in a park with no cars, always be aware of other runners and cyclists (cycle)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)‎ ‎1．At the end of the war, much of Europe and Asia was in ， and America stood alone as the world's economic superpower. ‎ ‎2．The meeting came to end and he set down many key points.‎ ‎3．Maria looked at the picture, and then to my surprise she burst / of laughter. ‎ ‎4. from what he said just now, he must be an honest man.‎ ‎5．The brother expressed in concern for everyone in the family but said nothing about what he himself was feeling. ‎ ‎6．John pretends as if he know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.‎ ‎7．An appeal is being made for help for those lost their homes in the earthquake.‎ ‎8．We entered the room, from window we could see the tower clearly.‎ ‎9．As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners learning Chinese as a second language.‎ ‎10．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, her head in the novel.‎ Ⅲ.课文语法填空 The Tangshan Earthquake was 1．a natural disaster that occurred on July 28, 1976. It is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll.‎ Just before the earthquake, strange things were happening: The water in the village wells rose and fell; a 2．smelly (smell) gas came out of the cracks of the wells; the chickens and even the pigs were 3．too nervous to eat. In the city the water pipes in some buildings cracked and 4．burst (burst)．‎ When the earth began to shake, it seemed as if the world was 5．at an end.Even 1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake.A huge crack that was 8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide cut6.across houses. In 15 terrible seconds a large city 7．lay (lie) in ruins. 2/3 of the people died or 8．were_injured (injure) during the earthquake.‎ The number of people 9．who/that were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.‎ All of the city's hospitals, 75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were 10．gone (go)．‎