【英语】2018届语法二轮复习介词和介词短语学案（4页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习介词和介词短语学案（4页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 介词和介词短语 真题回放 句子改错 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ) Now I am leaving home to college.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川) Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.‎ ‎4．(2015·新课标Ⅰ) Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.‎ ‎5．(2015·新课标Ⅱ) Tony saw a toy on a shop window.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西) My soccer coach retired in last week.‎ ‎7．(2015·四川) Please help with me and give me some advice.‎ ‎8．(2014·新课标Ⅰ) Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.‎ ‎9．(2014·浙江) If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.‎ ‎10．(2014·广西) The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.‎ ‎11．(2014·陕西) My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.‎ ‎12．(2014·四川) Today，I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．dream后加of句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定短语。‎ ‎2．to→for句意：现在，我要离开家去上大学。根据句意可知，此处指的是“离开家去上大学”，所以用for，表示目的。‎ ‎3．去掉on句意：爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物了。go shopping“去购物”，是固定短语。‎ ‎4．on→with句意：不幸的是，随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。on表示“在……方面”，with表示“随着……”。根据句意可知，指两件事情伴随而行，应用with。‎ ‎5．on→in句意：托尼看见了橱窗中摆设的玩具。玩具应该在橱窗里面而不是在橱窗的表面上，应用in。‎ ‎6．去掉in句意：我的足球教练上个星期退休了。last week前面不加介词，去掉介词in。‎ ‎7．去掉with句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。‎ ‎8．by→of句意：大约五年前，在父亲的帮助下，姐姐和我在后院种植了一些圣女果。with the help of“在……的帮助下”，为固定短语。‎ ‎9．on→in句意：如果我们向那些需要帮助的人表示关心，这个世界就会变得更美好。in need“在困难中的”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎10．for→from句意：我们的朋友越多，我们相互之间学到的东西就越多，我们一起分享的快乐也就越多。learn for“为……而学习”，learn from sb.“向某人学习”。根据句意可知，此处指向朋友学习，应用from。‎ ‎11．on→at句意：叔叔们立马跳了起来向鸟儿射箭。at表示瞄准的对象或者方向；on表示“在……上面”。根据句意可知，指瞄准鸟儿，应用at。‎ ‎12．with→about句意：今天，我将谈论当听到警报时我们该做什么事情。with“与……一起”，about指关于某件事情。根据句意可知，此处指关于我们该做什么事情，应用about。‎ 句子语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，64) But my connection with pandas goes back ________‎ ‎ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first...‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，44) Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，70) Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.‎ ‎4．(2016·四川，67) The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江，16) In this article，you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples.‎ ‎6．(2016·天津，8) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject.‎ ‎7．(2016·天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her.‎ ‎8．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，66) Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away ________ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ ‎9．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，47) When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to__cool the house during the hot day: ________ the same time，they warm up again for the night.‎ ‎10．(2015·福建，22) A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.‎ ‎11．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，44) I got a place next ________ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.‎ ‎12．(2014·广东，21)．..and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation.‎ ‎13．(2014·广西，29) September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.‎ ‎14．(2014·北京，23) Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves________ half an hour.‎ ‎15．(2014·重庆，7) She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________the road.‎ ‎16．(2014·江西，33) It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.‎ ‎17．(2013·山东，34) The Smiths are praised________the way they bring up their children.‎ ‎18．(2013·上海，25) —I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday.Any good ideas?‎ ‎—How about the Moon Lake？It is________easy reach of the city.‎ ‎19．(2013·湖北，30) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________chance a longlost antique Greek vase.‎ ‎20．(2013·福建，29) Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always________the way whenever she tries to.‎ ‎21．(2013·陕西，24) The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will ________time.‎ ‎1．to句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候，那是我第一次……。go back to“追溯到”，是固定短语。‎ ‎2．on句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于……”。‎ ‎3．with句意：筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用……”，符合句意。‎ ‎4．for句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for＋一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。‎ ‎5．with句意：在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知，这里用介词with表示“用……”。‎ ‎6．to句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，‎ 但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。‎ ‎7．on句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事”，符合句意。‎ ‎8．by句意：然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车只需要一个小时的路程……乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车”。‎ ‎9．at句意：天亮，墙壁放热，变冷使房子热天凉爽；同时，夜晚变暖和。at the same time“与此同时”，为固定短语。‎ ‎10．of句意：他们对在校时期的共同记忆是校服。名词memory 常与介词of 连用，意为“对……的记忆”。‎ ‎11．to句意：我找了个靠窗的位置，那样我可以很好地看到人行道。next接介词to意为“紧挨着，紧靠着”。‎ ‎12．for句意：……我的信用卡已经为这次预订付钱了。charge...for...“因……向……收费”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎13．by句意：九月三十日之前你必须缴付账单。该介词与关系代词which一起引导定语从句，which指the day；再根据“到……为止”可知用by。‎ ‎14．in句意：简很匆忙，因为开往机场的火车半小时后就要开动了。根据句子的一般现在时表示将来以及空后表示时间段的half an hour判断填介词in，表示“在……之后”。‎ ‎15．off句意：她在拐弯处开得如此快以至于车子差点冲出了马路。根据副词almost结合句意分析可知，此处指万幸没发生的险情，即脱轨，此处填off表示“脱离”。‎ ‎16．despite句意：让人难以置信的是卢卡斯先生虽然非常富裕但是却过着简朴的生活。结合语境可知，此处填despite表示“尽管”。‎ ‎17．for句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。因句中are praised这一被动结构，考生很容易理解为“被……表扬”，而误填by。此处是固定短语be praised for...，意为“因……而受到称赞”。‎ ‎18．within句意：——我在寻找一个就近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗？——月亮湖怎么样？它离城市不远。由题干中关键信息a nearby place可知，‎ 要对方推荐一个附近的地方度假，而介词短语within easy reach of意为“在……附近，距离……不远”。‎ ‎19．by句意：一位艺术家近来坐渡船去南部岛屿旅游的时候偶然间发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶。根据句意可知，这里用短语by chance表示“偶然，无意间”。‎ ‎20．in句意：史密斯太太发现很难收拾干净，因为每当她试图收拾时，她的孩子们总是妨碍她。根据句意可知，这里是短语in the way，表示“挡道，妨碍”。‎ ‎21．in句意：这位经理想看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。根据句意可知，这里用短语in time表示“迟早，最后，及时”。‎ 解题指导 ‎1．首先观察该词前是否有名词、动词、形容词等，根据介词与它们的搭配来判断出答案，解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。‎ ‎ (2015·浙江) My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁，61) Don't laugh ________ me.I may look funny.‎ ‎【解析】 from→of 句意：我原来的教室很有趣，因为有三面是玻璃墙。be made of 指在成品中可以看出原材料，即用物理方法做成的。be made from指在成品中看不出原材料，即由化学变化而成的。根据句意可知，玻璃墙是用玻璃做成的，只是将玻璃切割、安装而已，属于物理方法，应用of。‎ ‎【解析】at句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎2．其次，熟练掌握介词的基本用法，即介词后用名词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。解题时，观察句中是否有这一类词，以此确定所填词或所改词是否是介词；或句子中介词是否缺失或多余，以便添加或删除。‎ ‎ (2015·福建，25) It is said that body language accounts________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁) Although we've been delighted to have you as ‎ neighbors，we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us.‎ ‎【解析】at句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎【解析】去掉us前的to句意：我们因为有你这样的邻居而高兴，但是也希望你解决一些打扰我们的问题。bother“困扰，麻烦”，是及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要使用介词to。‎ 考点讲解 一 介词 ‎ 表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near 介词 用法 例句 at 一般指在较小的地方 I met him at the shop.‎ in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内 They arrived in Beijing yesterday.‎ Shandong Province lies in the east of China.‎ on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域 The picture is hanging on the wall.‎ Mongolia is on the north of China.‎ to 表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两位置 Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.‎ beside/by ‎“在……的旁边”‎ She was standing beside her mother.‎ There is a small house by the river.‎ near ‎“接近；靠近”‎ There is a supermarket near my home.‎ ‎ 表示方位的between和among 介词 用法 例句 between 在两者或每两者之间 I sat down between Sue and Jane.‎ among 在三者或三者以上之间 The teacher was standing among the students.‎ ‎ 表示方位的across，through，over和past 介词 用法 例句 across 从……的表面穿过 He walked across the square to meet us.‎ through 从……的内部穿过 The guide led us through the forest.‎ over 从……的上面跨过 The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.‎ past 从……的旁边经过 She walked past the shop.‎ 续表 ‎ 表示时间的介词 ‎(1)表示“在……”的at，in，on ‎①at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。‎ ‎ at 9：00；at noon；at daybreak；at Christmas ‎②in表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚。‎ ‎ in the 21st century；in September；in the morning ‎③on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。‎ ‎ on 2nd，September；on the morning of 1st，May ‎(2)表示“在……之后”的after，in ‎“after＋一段时间”在过去时句子中作时间状语，相当于“一段时间＋later”“in＋一段时间”在将来时句子中作时间状语，指离说话时多长时间以后。‎ ‎ He returned home after a week(a week later)．‎ ‎ They will come to visit us in a week.‎ 注意：‎ ‎“after＋时间点”可在将来时态的句子中作时间状语；“in＋时间段”表示“在……时间之内”时，可用于完成时或过去时的句子中。‎ I will attend a meeting after two o'clock.‎ In the last 10 years，great changes have taken place in this village.‎ ‎(3)表示时间段的for，since ‎①“for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语。‎ ‎ He has lived in the small village for five years.‎ I studied in Peking University for 4 years.‎ ‎②“since＋时间点”意为“自从……”，作完成时态句子的时间状语。‎ ‎ I haven't heard from him since three years ago.‎ He has been waiting here since 2 o'clock.‎ ‎ 其他介词 ‎(1)表示交通方式的by，in，on ‎“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in，on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。‎ ‎ He goes to work by car every day.‎ He goes to work in his car every day.‎ ‎(2)表示“用……”的by，in，with by侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。‎ ‎ He earned his living by selling newspapers.‎ ‎ Please write the answer in ink.‎ ‎ They are digging with spades.‎ ‎(3)表示“除……外”的except，except for，besides except表示“除……之外(其他的都)”‎ ‎，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除；except for后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的；besides表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的。‎ ‎ All my friends took part in the party except John.‎ ‎ His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.‎ ‎ He has learned German，French besides English.‎ 介词短语 介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常考的有：‎ at dawn at daybreak in case(of)‎ at table far from free from by the way be fond of be tired of be proud of answer/key to next to be similar to due to thanks to be popular with apart from instead of regardless of in detail in general on purpose above all in all after all in terms of in need of in favor of in return in short in place of in search of for fear of in exchange for in addition to in spite of in vain beyond reach beyond description on account of in a way in particular in charge of as a result of ‎“动词+介词”型短语动词 一、常考短语动词 ‎1. 动词＋about(prep.)‎ speak/talk about谈论 think about思考 care about关心 bring about引起；使发生 come about发生 hear about听说 set about着手；开始 worry about为……担心 ‎2. 动词＋at(prep.)‎ aim at瞄准；计划 call at拜访(某地)‎ glare at怒视 knock at敲(门、窗)‎ laugh at嘲笑 look at看；注视 point at指向 shout at(冲某人)大喊大叫 stare at 凝视 work at致力于 ‎3. 动词＋away(adv.)‎ break away摆脱 clear away清除掉；散去 die away减弱；逐渐消失 give away分发；泄露 pass away去世 put away收起来；放好 throw away扔掉 wash away冲走 ‎4. 动词＋back(adv.)‎ call back回电话 give back归还 hold back控制住；阻止 keep back隐瞒；扣留 look back回顾 put back放回原处 ‎5.动词＋down(adv.)‎ bring down把……降低 burn down烧毁 break down出故障；垮了 cut down砍倒；削减 calm down平静下来 put down记下；镇压 slow down慢下来 take down记下；拿下 tear down拆毁；拆除 turn down调小；拒绝 ‎6. 动词＋for(prep.)‎ apply for申请；请求得到 ask for要求得到 answer for对……负责任 beg for请求，乞求 call for需要，要求 care for关心；喜欢 charge for收费；要价 search for寻找 run for竞选 stand for代表；表示 ‎7. 动词＋from(prep.)‎ date from始于……时期 die from因……而死 differ from与……不同 hear from收到……来信 result from由……造成 separate from把……分开 ‎8. 动词＋in(prep.)‎ break in闯入；插话 bring in引进；带来收入 call in召集；来访 check in登记进入 cut in插嘴；打断 drop in顺便拜访 get in收割；到达 give in让步；投降 hand in上交 result in导致；结果是 ‎9. 动词＋into(prep.)‎ burst into突然爆发；闯入 change into变成 divide into把……分成 look into调查；研究 run into碰到 turn into把……变成 ‎10. 动词＋of(prep.)‎ approve of赞成；通过 consist of由……组成 die of死于 dream of梦想；渴望 hear of听说 think of想到 ‎11. 动词＋off(adv./prep.)‎ break off中断；突然停止 come off脱落 cut off切断；隔绝 fall off跌落；掉下 get off下车；动身 give off发出；放出 keep off避开；勿走近 leave off中断 pay off还清；取得成功 put off推迟；延期 see off送行 show off炫耀；卖弄 start off出发 take off脱下；起飞；成功 ‎12. 动词＋on(prep.)‎ call on拜访某人 carry on继续；进行 depend/rely on依靠，依赖 feed/live on以……为生 have on穿着(状态) put on穿上(动作)；上演 keep on继续前进/工作 look on旁观 move on往前走；移动 pass on传递；传授 insist on坚持 try on试穿 take on呈现出；承担；雇用 turn/switch on打开 ‎13.动词＋out(adv.)‎ break out爆发；突然发生 bring out取出；使显现 come out出版；出来 carry out执行；完成 find out查清楚；弄明白 give out分发；公布；用完 go out熄灭；消退 help out帮助 hold out伸出；坚持住 leave out删掉；省略 look out小心，谨慎 let out泄露；使(火)熄灭 make out理解；辨认出 pick out挑选出 put out扑灭；熄灭 run out用完；耗尽 send out发出；派遣 set out出发；着手 turn out结果是；产生 work out解决；制定出 ‎14. 动词＋over(adv./prep.)‎ go over复习；检查 get over克服 look over翻阅；检查 run over碾过；复查 take over接管；接替 think over仔细考虑 turn over翻到；翻看 watch over看守；照看 ‎15. 动词＋through(prep.)‎ get through完成；通过；接通电话 go through经历；遭受；检查 look through翻阅；仔细查看 ‎16. 动词＋to(prep.)‎ add to增添；增加了 agree to同意 attend to照料；照顾；处理 belong to属于 come to共计；苏醒 devote to致力于；奉献给 get to到达 lead to导致；通向 object to反对 refer to指的是；参考；查阅 stick to坚持；忠于 turn to转向；求助于 ‎17. 动词＋up(adv.)‎ bring up抚养；培养 break up分手；破裂 clear up整理；收拾 come up出现；提出 cut up切碎 eat up吃光 give up放弃 go up上涨；增长 hold up延误；举起；抢劫 keep up保持 look up抬头；查找 make up组成；编造；和解 put up举起；张贴；投宿 pick up拾起；开车接；学会 set up成立，建立 stay up熬夜，不睡觉 tear up撕碎 take up占据；从事；开始干 turn up调大；出现 use up用完 hang up挂断电话 ‎18. 动词＋with(prep.)‎ agree with同意；与……一致；适应于 compare with与……相比 deal with处理；对付 do with处理；需要 meet with遭遇；遇到 ‎19. 三个词以上的短语 add up to总计 break away from摆脱 catch up with＝keep up with追上 come into being产生；出现 catch sight of看见 do well in在……做得好 get close to接近 get used to＝be accustomed to习惯于 get along/on with相处；进展 get out of逃避；避免 get rid of摆脱；除掉 go on with继续 get down to开始干(某事) keep up with跟上；不落后 keep away from避开；不靠近 keep in touch with保持联系 keep an eye on留心，注意 look up to仰望；尊敬 look down on轻视，看不起 look forward to盼望 make fun of取笑；开玩笑 make use of＝make the most/best of利用 make up for＝catch up on弥补 put up with容忍，忍受 pay attention to注意 pay a visit to访问 run out of用完 set fire to放火烧 take part in参加 take care of照看 take pride in＝be proud of以……为自豪 play a part/role in起作用；扮演角色 set an example to/for为……树立榜样 take advantage of利用……的优势 take charge of负责；掌管 二、一些常用动词与不同介词或副词搭配 ‎1. break away 摆脱；逃跑 break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、哭、唱等)‎ break off 中断；折断；突然停止 break out 突然发生；爆发 break through 突破；克服 break up 打碎；结束；解散；分解 break down 抛锚；出故障；分解 break in 破门而入；打断谈话；插嘴 ‎2. bring about 引起；造成 bring down 使倒下；使下降 bring forward 提出；提前 bring out 显示出来；出版；生产 bring up 提出；教育；培养；呕吐 bring back 把……送回；使想起；恢复 bring in 引进；挣得 ‎3. call for 需要；要求 call off 取消；停止 call on 拜访；看望；号召 call up 打电话；使人想起；召集 call at 访问 call in 请来，召集 call back 回电话；召回 ‎4. go along 进展；陪同前往 go by(时间)过去；经过；遵守 go down 下降；下沉；下跌 go for 去；选择；想要；攻击 go in for 从事；爱好；参加(选拔赛、考试等)‎ go into 研究；调查，从事 go off 离开；爆炸；(食品)变坏；断电；熄灭；进行；发生 go on 继续进行；发生；上场 go out 离开；熄灭；过时 go over 复习；仔细查看(或检查、审查)‎ go through 通过；经历(苦难)；仔细检查 go up 上升；增长；涨价 ‎5. come about 发生 come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along 进展；成功；一道走 come into effect 生效 come off发生；举行；成功 come on 快点；走吧；有进展 come out 出来；结果是；出版 come round/around 再现；恢复知觉；改变看法 come through 经历；获得成功 come to 苏醒；达到；总数为 come up 发生；走上前去；(时间)快到 come up to 达到(高度、程度)；符合 come up against 碰到(困难)‎ come up with 赶上；提出 come back 回来；反驳 come true 变为现实 ‎6. cut across 绕近道穿过；超越 cut back 削减；剪枝；急忙返回 cut down 削减；减少 cut in 插嘴；打断；超车 cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 cut out 删掉；戒掉 cut short 中断；打断；缩短 ‎7. hold back 阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；阻挡 hold up 举起；抬起；支撑；耽搁；使停；持械抢劫 hold out 伸出；坚持；(供给等)维持；提供 hold off 拖延；延期 hold on(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；挺住 hold on to 紧紧抓住 hold to 忠实；坚守 ‎8. give away 赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out 分发；公布；公开；用完；耗尽 give off 发出；放出 give up 放弃；自首，将……交给某人(to sb.)；‎ 对某人不抱希望(on sb.)‎ give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交 ‎9. keep away(from)使远离 keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off 避开；不接近 keep on 继续 keep out 挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up 保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with 跟上 ‎10. look after 照顾，照料 look out 注意，提防，当心 look back 回头看；回顾 look down on/upon 轻视，看不起 look for 寻找；寻求；期望 look forward to 盼望；期待 look in 顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into 调查，深入了解 look on 观看；旁观 look over 检查 look through 浏览；快速查看 look up 查阅；仰望 ‎11. carry on 继续；坚持 carry away 冲走；运走；使着迷 carry out 实行；执行；贯彻 carry off 运走；获得(奖赏)‎ carry through 帮助渡过难关；完成；实现 ‎12. put across 解释清楚；使人接受 put aside 放在一边，储存；保留 put away 放好；收好 put down 写下；记下；镇压 put forward 提出；推荐；把……提前 put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for 申请；正式要求 put off 延期；推迟；阻止，妨碍 put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)‎ put out 熄灭，扑灭；生产；出版 put up 搭起；建造；提供 put up with 忍受；容忍 put through(把电话)接通；做完；使经受……的考验 ‎13. set about 开始做，着手 set apart 使分离；使显得突出 set aside 留出；拨出 set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down 记下，写下 set off 动身；出发；引起；使爆炸(cause to explode)‎ set out 动身；启程；陈述，阐明；着手做(后跟动词不定式)‎ set up 建立；创立；开办 ‎14. make for 向……前进；促成 make out 理解，领悟；辨认出 make up 组成，占……比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for 弥补，补偿 ‎15. take after 与……相像 take apart 拆卸(机器)‎ take away 拿走；消除(病痛等)‎ take down 记下；拆掉 take for(错)当作；(误)认为 take in 吸收；接受；领会；欺骗 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下 take on 呈现；采纳；承担，从事 take one's time 不要着急，慢慢地做 take over 接收，接管；取代 take to 喜欢；养成……的习惯 take up 占据；占(时间、空间)；开始从事 ‎16. pick out 挑出；分辨出；区别出 pick up ‎ 拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得；学会；接收(节目)；(开车)去接；(顺便)捎带 ‎17. send away 送走；解雇 send for 派人去请 send out 分发；散发；发出(光、信号等)‎ send up 上升；发射 ‎18. turn down 关小，调低；拒绝 turn off 关上，关掉；转向；使厌烦 turn out 关(灯)；制造；结果是；原来是 turn over(使)翻转，翻身；移交；周转；仔细考虑 turn to 求助于；(使)转向；(把注意力等)转向；翻书到 turn up 调大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面 ‎19. get through 浏览；翻阅；经历困难(痛苦)；做完某事 get in 收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话 get over 克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束 get on 继续；进行；上车 get round 传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about 四处走动；传开 get across 传达；使……让人理解 get along/on(with)进展；相处 get down 记下；下来；使……沮丧 get down to 开始认真做 get back 恢复；回来；收回 get out 泄露；逃离 get together 聚会；收集 ‎20. die away 渐弱 die down 熄灭；平静下来 die of 因……(病)死亡 die from 因……(外部原因)死亡 die out 灭绝；绝种