2021届通用版高考英语一轮语法复习专练学案：考点六动词的时态和语态练习

2021届通用版高考英语一轮语法复习专练学案：考点六动词的时态和语态练习

考点六　动词的时态和语态 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．As is known to all, the sun ________ (rise) in the east and ________ (set) in the west day after day.‎ 答案：rises; sets　句意：众所周知，太阳东升西落，日复一日。表示客观事实、客观规律要用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．Tom ________ (cry) again and again and we can't bear him anymore.‎ 答案：is crying　句意：Tom一直在哭泣，我们再也忍受不了他。进行时与某些副词连用可表示说话人的一种强烈的感情，如厌恶、欣赏、钦佩等。‎ ‎3．It has been three years since we ________ (come) here.‎ 答案：came　句意：自从我们来到这儿已经三年了。since＋含有一般过去时的句子/表过去的时间点，主句或句子常用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．By the time he was nine, Tom ________ (master) a foreign language.‎ 答案：had mastered　句意：到九岁时，汤姆已经精通了一门外语。by the time表示“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，如果从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。‎ ‎5．It is the first time that I ________ (go) abroad.‎ 答案：have gone　句意：这是我第一次出国。“That/This/It is the first/second/third ...time (that) ...”句型中，从句常用现在完成时。‎ ‎6．More than one customer ________ (express) their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far.‎ 答案：has expressed　句意：到目前为止，不止一个顾客表达了他们对那家餐厅服务的不满。根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时；“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎7．Put your finger into the water. If it ________ (feel) too hot, pour some cold water in it.‎ 答案：feels　句意：把你的手指放进水里。如果水太热，就往里面倒一些冷水。感官动词feel不使用被动语态，用主动语态表示被动意义。此处描述一般事实，故句子用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 9031 to Changsha ________ (take) off at 7：30.‎ 答案：‎ takes　事物名词作主语时，表示按时间表计划发生的动作，应用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎9．—Did you meet David at the meeting yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes. When I arrived, he ________ (leave)．‎ 答案：was leaving　句意：——昨天开会时你遇到戴维了吗？——是的，我到那儿时，他正准备离开。根据句意可知，这里应用过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作，故答案为was leaving。‎ ‎10．Jim ________ (watch) a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.‎ 答案：was watching　“be doing ... when ...”是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，(这时)突然……”；再结合went blank可知，主句应使用过去进行时，故填was watching。‎ ‎11．By now 516 Confucius Institutes ________ (found) in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters.‎ 答案：have been founded　句意：根据孔子学院总部的统计，到现在为止，全世界142个国家和地区已经建立了516所孔子学院。主语“516 Confucius Institutes”和“found”之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且“By now”作时间状语，句子应用现在完成时。故填have been founded。‎ ‎12．He must have sensed that I ________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”‎ 答案：was looking　句意：他一定是觉察到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”根据句意及glanced at和said可知，句子应用过去进行时。‎ ‎13．Usually Beijing Roast Duck ________ (serve) together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce.‎ 答案：is served　句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。说的是一般情况，所以句子用一般现在时；由句意可知，此处用被动语态，主语是Beijing Roast Duck，为第三人称单数。故填is served。‎ ‎14．—Bob, how is your project? I heard you started it last Friday, right?‎ ‎—Oh, I ________ (prepare) for it. But I haven't decided when to do it.‎ 答案：have been preparing　句意：——Bob，你的项目怎么样了？我听说你上周五就开始了，是吗？——哦！我一直在做准备，但还没有决定好什么时候开始做。根据答语的最后一句及问话中的“started it last Friday”可知，“我”一直在做准备，句子应用现在完成进行时。故填have been preparing。‎ ‎15．Never throughout history has a man who ________ (live) a life of ease left a name worth remembering.‎ 答案：‎ lived　句意：历史上从来没有人过着安逸的生活而留名青史。此处在叙述过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎16．Face the problem bravely and you ________ (find) a new way to success.‎ 答案：will find　句意：勇敢地面对这个问题，你将会发现一个通向成功的新方法。“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构中，陈述句常用一般将来时。‎ ‎17．Various efforts ________ (make) in the past decades to protect the environment.‎ 答案：have been made　句意：在过去的几十年里，为保护环境人们做出了各种努力。根据“in the past decades”可知，句子用现在完成时；efforts是句子的主语，为复数形式，和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎18．The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they ________ (encounter) difficulties.‎ 答案：encountered　句意：指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。由was可知用一般过去时，故填encountered。‎ ‎19．I think Ana ________ (finish) her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning.‎ 答案：has finished　句意：安娜自从大清早就开始准备，我想她现在已经收拾好了行李。此处since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，由句意可知主句用现在完成时。‎ ‎20．You'll recognize me when you get out of the station. I ________ (wear) jeans and a white Tshirt.‎ 答案：will be wearing　句意：你出站的时候，就会认出我来，我将穿一条牛仔裤和一件白T恤衫。由句意可知wear表示的动作发生在将来某一刻，故填will be wearing。‎ ‎21．After college, he was employed in teaching in a middle school and ________ (work) there ever since.‎ 答案：has worked　句意：大学毕业后，他在一所中学教书，从那以后就一直在那里工作。根据句中的时间状语“ever since(自从，从那时到现在)”可知，本句要用现在完成时。‎ ‎22．I had intended to take you to the football match this morning, but I couldn't spare any time, I ________ (write) a report.‎ 答案：was writing　句意：今天早上我本打算带你去看足球赛的，但我抽不出任何时间，我在写一份报告。根据“I had intended to take you to the football match this morning, but I couldn't spare any time”可知，此处指那个时间“我”正在写一份报告，故用过去进行时。‎ ‎23．They say at the end of your life, you regret the stuff you didn't do more than the stuff that you ________ (do)．‎ 答案：did　句意：他们说，在生命即将结束时，相对于做过的事，你会更加后悔没有做过一些事。根据后面的比较级找到并列结构，即可判断使用did。‎ ‎24．I ________ (make) up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.‎ 答案：had made　句意：我已经决定了在研讨会上要说什么，但是，研讨会被取消了。“make up one's mind”这个行为发生在研讨会被取消之前，根据“it was cancelled”可知，研讨会被取消是过去的事情，故该句应用过去完成时。‎ ‎25．Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he ________ (come) home right after his work. ‎ 答案：would come　句意：就在一个小时前，他在电话里告诉我，他下班后马上回家。根据句意可知，一小时前他说下班后回家，表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作，要用过去将来时。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．How time flies! We will be graduated this June!‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：be graduated→graduate　graduate “毕业”，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎2．We give Mom a warm welcome when she arrives here. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：We后加will　主句使用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。‎ ‎3．What do you imagine has been happened to Jim in the past few weeks?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉been　happen是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。‎ ‎4．Nevertheless, my later experience proves that practicing calligraphy was both necessary and beneficial. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：proves→proved　根据后面的was可知，发生在过去的事情，故将proves改为proved。‎ ‎5．After we seated at the table, she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：we后加were　句意：我们坐在桌子旁后，她突然感到胃疼。句中we和seat之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，根据后面的felt可知，从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．Successful people imagine what their life should be like and sets lots of goals. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：sets→set　set与前面的imagine属于并列谓语，应该用一般现在时，且本句的主语是people，故将sets改为set。‎ ‎7．It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study because you had always been working hard. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：had→have　结合前面的“have made such great progress”可知，你已经取得了巨大的进步，说明你一直在努力地学习，并且有可能继续努力学习，故使用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎8．My cell phone doesn't work. It is repaired at the shop.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：repaired前加being　此处表示手机正在商店里(被)修理，应用现在进行时的被动语态，故用is being repaired。‎ ‎9．It is the sixth time that our government raised loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：raised前加has　句意：这是我们的政府第六次有意提高贷款利率来遏制房价。在固定句型“It is ＋序数词＋time that ...”中，that后的从句应用现在完成时。‎ ‎10．Fools will learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉will　题干中所叙述的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎11．By the time he realizes he walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：walked前加has　句意：在他意识到自己已经走进圈套时，对他来说，已无能为力了。根据句意可知用现在完成时。‎ ‎12．Neither the old lady nor her cats stepped out of the house since her husband passed away last month.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：stepped前加have　句意：自从上个月那个老妇人的丈夫去世后，她和她的猫就没有出过屋子。根据就近原则，本句谓语动词应与her cats保持一致，用复数形式；由后面的since从句可知，主句应用现在完成时。‎ ‎13．I call the station and they tell me the next train to Dalian will leave at 3：10.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：will leave→leaves　事物名词作主语且表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎14．Stored goods have a fixed price, but how to measure the discount hasn't decided yet.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：decided前加been　主语how to measure the discount与动词decide之间为被动关系，且由yet可知，此处指截止到说话时间为止的动作，故用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎15．How can I make sure my feet aren't smelt, Dr Li?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：aren't smelt→don't smell　smell “有难闻的气味”，是不及物动词，无被动语态。‎ 动词的时态和语态(一)‎ 常考的各种时态的主动和被动语态(以do为例)‎ 时态种类 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 一、一般现在时 ‎1．表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态。‎ ‎2．表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。‎ ‎3．表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。‎ ‎4．在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。‎ I usually have my hair cut once a month.‎ The earth moves around the sun.‎ The train leaves at 2：30 this afternoon.‎ You will succeed if you try your best.‎ 二、现在进行时 ‎1．表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎2．某些短暂性动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, return, begin, leave等用现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。‎ ‎3．某些动词的进行时表示逐渐地发生变化的过程。‎ My friend is_waiting_for me outside now.‎ He is_leaving_for Beijing next week.‎ She is_losing her eyesight.‎ 三、现在完成时 ‎1．表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常用recently, lately, ever, never, once, before, yet, just, so far, since then, up to now, in the last/past few days/years等作状语。‎ ‎2．“This/That/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。‎ This_is the second time that I have_visited the university.‎ 四、现在完成进行时 表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作，它具备“未完成性、感情色彩”等特点。‎ I am very tired. I have_been_painting the house all the afternoon.‎ 五、一般过去时 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去某段时间内反复发生的动作，常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作时间状语。‎ He came to work here two weeks ago.‎ ‎—Your telephone number again? I didn't quite catch it.‎ ‎—It's 12345876.‎ 六、过去完成时 ‎1．表示在过去某一时间或过去某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。‎ By the end of last term, we had_learned 2,000 words.‎ He had_left before I got home.‎ ‎2．hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”。‎ We had_expected that you would be able to win the match.‎ ‎3．“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ...”句式中，that引导的从句用过去完成时。‎ It_was the second time that she had_visited London.‎ ‎4．“hardly/scarcely ... when ...”和“no sooner ... than ...”结构中，主句用过去完成时。‎ Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.‎ 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2020·湖南师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试)Perhaps nowadays for people around the world, music ________ (mean) mainly for amusement.‎ 答案：is meant　be meant for “被认为是”，是固定用法。故填is meant。‎ ‎2．(2020·广西南宁市第三中学高三月考)With the bridge now in service, the traveling time between Zhuhai and Hong Kong International Airport will ________ (shorten) from four hours to 45 minutes.‎ 答案：be shortened　句意：大桥通行后，珠海到香港国际机场的时间将会从4小时缩短到45分钟。主语 “the traveling time”与shorten之间是被动关系，故填be shortened。‎ ‎3．(2020·福建莆田二十四中调研)In the past 500 years, 4.5 percent of languages ________ (die) out.‎ 答案：have died　根据前面的“in the past＋时间段”可知，本句使用现在完成时，故填have died。‎ ‎4．(2020·江苏高考)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith ________ (fall) in love with the people and culture there.‎ 答案：fell　句意：史密斯先生抵达中国几个月后，爱上了那里的人和文化。时间状语从句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，所以主句用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．(2020·江苏高考)They are trying to make sure that ‎5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.‎ 答案：will have been installed　句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装‎5G终端。根据时间状语by 2022可知，句子要用将来完成时；‎5G terminals与install (安装)之间是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)When the light ________ (appear), Rjukan residents gathered together.‎ 答案：appeared　句意：当光出现的时候，尤坎居民就聚集到一起。根据主句中的gathered可知，从句也应用一般过去时，故填appeared。‎ ‎7．(2020·广东中山一中高三统测)The news came as no surprise to me. I ________ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.‎ 答案：had known　句意：这个消息对我来说一点都不惊讶。对于这个工厂将要倒闭，我已经知道一段时间了。根据句意可知，设空处所填动词表示的动作发生在The news came之前，故该句使用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底)Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon ________ (find) a deeper appreciation for this season.‎ 答案：found　根据last weekend可知本句用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．(2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底)I went home, opened the door and ________ (walk) into the dark house.‎ 答案：walked　由前面的“went”“opened”和设空前的and可知，此处用动词的过去式表示三个并列的动作。‎ ‎10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.‎ 答案：is　根据空白处前面的“can't make”和“says”可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎11．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying：“I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”‎ 答案：meant　结合后面的“was just saying”可知，此处谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ ‎12．(2019·北京高考)China's highspeed railways _______ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.‎ 答案：have grown　句意：在过去的几年里，中国高铁的里程已经从‎9,000公里上升到‎25,000公里了。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句使用现在完成时。‎ ‎13．(2019·北京高考)—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around.‎ ‎—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just ________ (start) on Monday.‎ 答案：started　句意：——你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有见过你。——您好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚来的。分析语境，此处说话人谈论过去的事情，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ ‎14．(2019·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.‎ 答案：had been trapped　句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个已经被困在大山里两天的游客。分析句子，主句的谓语risked是一般过去时，trap “困”应该是发生在risked之前的动作，故使用过去完成时；同时这些游客是被困在大山里，故使用被动语态。‎ ‎15．(2019·天津高考)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.‎ 答案：is being ‎ repaired　句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，洗衣机正在修，且washing machine与repair之间为被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。‎ ‎16．(2019·江苏高考)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.‎ 答案：had been carried　句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何被执行的。根据句中时间状语“last month”和“in the past two years”可知用过去完成时，又因plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎17．(2017·北京高考)—________ (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes. They are happy with it.‎ 答案：Did　句意：——你昨天给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品的看法了吗？——打了，他们很满意。根据时间状语yesterday可知，谓语动词要用一般过去时，所以要用助动词do的过去式did。‎ ‎18．(2017·天津高考)I ________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ 答案：was driving　句意：我正在开车前往伦敦的路上，这时突然发现我走错路了。根据句意可知，本句是“be doing ... when ...”句式结构，表示“正在做……这时突然……”。根据从句中谓语动词found可知，应用过去进行时。‎ ‎19．(2017·北京高考)People ________ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.‎ 答案：have　句意：相比以前，人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗保健，因此他们更长寿了。根据题干中的than they used to可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎20．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he ________ (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.‎ 答案：doesn't qualify　句意：他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。根据语境可知，宾语从句中所陈述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎21．(2017·天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ 答案：is regarded　句意：如今，与慢跑和游泳一起，骑自行车被视为最好的、全面的运动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是动宾关系。句子的主语只是cycling，谓语动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。‎ ‎22．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow)．‎ 答案：was being followed　句意：他匆忙往家赶，从未回头看看是否有人跟着他。由语境可知，he和follow之间存在被动关系，此处表示当时正在被跟踪，从句中主语为he，故填was being followed。‎ ‎23．(2017·北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ (invent) yet.‎ 答案：hadn't been invented　句意：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家中只有一部电话，而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是动宾关系，且动作发生在前一句的谓语动词had之前，表“过去的过去”，故要用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎24．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.‎ 答案：has grown　由since可知，此处应用现在完成时。‎ ‎25．(2019·北京高考)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.‎ 答案：was working　句意：当我去年拜访她的时候，苏珊辞掉了薪资优厚的工作并且正在社区担任志愿者。因为拜访这一动作发生在过去而那时苏珊正在做社区志愿者，故用过去进行时。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．(2020·广西南宁市第三中学高三月考)One day I remembered I had a beach umbrella at home, so I turned around, getting the umbrella and took it to him.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：getting→got　此处and连接三个并列谓语，时态是一般过去时，故把getting改为got。‎ ‎2．(2020·内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三上学期月考)When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady left a handbag on the backseat.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：left前加had　left表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作found之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故在left前加had。‎ ‎3．(2020·四川省成都市高三毕业班摸底测试)This was also true for life: we add more and more to our life, hoping to get a better life.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：was→is　此处描述的是普遍真理，应该用一般现在时，故将was改成is。‎ ‎4．(2020·山东省师大附中高三第一次月考)Apart from surrounding by beautiful nature, the SouthWest is full of urban gems (精华)．‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：surrounding→being surrounded　句意：除了被美丽的大自然包围之外，西南地区还充满了都市瑰宝。此处Apart from“除……之外”后面用动名词作宾语，且句子主语the SouthWest和surround之间是一种被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式作宾语，故将surrounding改为being surrounded。‎ ‎5．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期月考)When both mother and child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity was reduced even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：was→is　句意：这项对24,000名儿童进行的研究发现，当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时，肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。此处描述的是客观事实，the risk of obesity与reduce之间是被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态，故填将was改为is。‎ ‎6．(2020·广东省深圳市高级中高三上学期第一次测试)When the first dynasty founded, the king began to use seals to empower (授权) and to show lordly credits.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：found前加was　句意：当第一个朝代被建立，皇帝开始使用印章授权，表明皇权。发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。“第一个朝代”和“建立”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以在found前加was。‎ ‎7．(2020·北京高考)A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been offered free rides to college students for the past eight years.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：offered→offering　此处表示“在过去八年中他自愿开车搭载学生”，这个动作从过去持续到现在并仍在进行，故用现在完成进行时，无被动含义，故将offered改为offering。‎ ‎8．(2020·天津高考)I hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：hoped前加had　由couldn't manage用的是一般过去时可知，动词hope发生在couldn't manage之前，表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成，用过去完成时，故填hade hoped。‎ ‎9．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：are→were　根据前后时态一致性和全文描述过去的事情可知，应将are改为were。‎ ‎10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：told前加was　根据语意可知，此处表示“我”被告知，同时结合“was offering”和前面的时间状语“During my second year at the city college”可知，使用一般过去时的被动语态，故told前加was。‎ ‎11．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it works.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：works→worked　and连接的是并列句，结合前面的found可知，使用一般过去时。‎ ‎12．(2019·北京高考)Anger seems simple when we were feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：were→are　根据前面的seems和but分句中的谓语are可知，此处描述现在的情况，故将were改为are。‎ ‎13．(2019·天津高考)The global population expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：expected前加is　预计全球人口在2050年前达到96亿，主语“The global population”是被预计的对象，故使用一般现在时的被动语态；同时population是单数，故expected前加is。‎ ‎14．(2019·浙江高考)In America the demand for oil had grown by 22 percent since 1990.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：had→has　根据后面的“since 1990”可知，前面的谓语动词应该使用现在完成时。‎ ‎15．(2019·江苏高考)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognize it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：recognize→recognized　根据前面的从句中谓语动词“was served”可知，主句中的时态也应该为一般过去时，故将recognize改为recognized。‎ 动词的时态和语态(二)‎ 七、过去进行时 ‎1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎2．短暂性动词come, go, leave, arrive, begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。‎ He was_reading a book when I came in.‎ They were_coming to attend the meeting a few days later.‎ 八、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。‎ ‎1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将来，shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称。will可表示临时做出的打算或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。‎ We shall have a lot of rain next month.‎ ‎—Where is the telephone book?‎ ‎—I'll go and get it for you.‎ Fish will die without water.‎ ‎2．be going to do表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事，或有迹象要出现的情况。‎ He is_going_to speak on TV this evening.‎ Look at the dark clouds. It is_going_to rain.‎ ‎3．be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事，或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。‎ She is_to_get_married next week.‎ You are_to_report it to the police.‎ ‎4．be about to do表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，故不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。‎ The train is_about_to_leave.‎ 九、过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。‎ He said he would_wait for us at the bus stop.‎ She was_about_to_open the door when the telephone rang.‎ 十、将来进行时 将来进行时用will/shall be doing表达，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。‎ Please don't come at ten tomorrow morning. I will_be_having a meeting.‎ What will you be_doing at six tomorrow evening?‎