【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六（17页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六（17页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六 ‎[一]‎ When you search Google or use Amazon, you might assume the results you see are the same as those viewed by your friends, family and other Internet users. But you’d be wrong. Websites and social networks track your location and search history and make assumptions about your age, race, sex and political views. They then show ads they believe to be the most relevant, in order to maximize clicks, but personalize which results you see by eliminating what they think is irrelevant.‎ This is sold to the public as positive, making each web session relevant and interesting, yet it is leading researchers to fear this could widen divides between the North and South, rich and poor, and young and old. For example, in terms of wealth, if users are only ever shown particular products and job advertisements based on how much they earn or where they live, these users will never be given the opportunities to increase their wealth, or how much they spend on items.‎ Princeton University has created bots（自动程序）, each with their own fake profiles. These bots have different fake ages and sexes, earn different levels of money, are virtually(虚拟地) based in various locations around the world and have different interests. By using these bots to scan and research the web, the researchers hope to create a picture of not only what each of them sees, but also what sites they are missing out on.‎ According to lead researcher, Arvind Narayanan, “Our goal is a web privacy census（普查）which will be a comprehensive map of who are collecting what information, what they are inferring from it, and who they are sharing it with. It is an important step in our final goal of figuring out how users are treated based on that information.”‎ Personalization also has its benefits. Shopping sites such as Amazon and eBay can scan a user’s search and purchase history to offer suggestions. This can help find similar, cheaper items or items that are more suited to their needs at a glance. It’s also possible to disable personalized ads and results. Google’s search engine lets you switch off personalization, for example.‎ Researchers from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona and Yahoo felt the issue was so potentially damaging, and they have also created a way to “burst the filter(过滤) bubble”. They believe that just because people have opposing views on certain topics it doesn’t mean they won’t share interests with others.‎ ‎32. The underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.‎ A. decorating B. removing C. personalizing D. protecting ‎33. Princeton University created bots to ______.‎ A. explain why different websites are personalized B. offer users some advice on how to protect privacy C. assess how personalization is affecting Internet users D. stress the advantages and disadvantages of personalization of websites ‎ ‎34. Which of the following websites have done something to cut off personalization?‎ A. Google and Yahoo B. eBay and Google ‎ C. Amazon and eBay D. Amazon and Yahoo ‎35. What is this passage mainly about?‎ A. Different websites are doing something to offer quality service.‎ B. Personalized ads and search results could be creating different web pages.‎ C. Personalization of different sites will lead to users’ privacy being violated.‎ D. Personalization of shopping sites makes online shopping more convenient.‎ 参考答案：32 – 35 BCAB ‎[二]‎ Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.‎ When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.‎ Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connecticity（连体）to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.‎ Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating conmetivity（连接）to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.‎ Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives in a ‎ mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.‎ Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.‎ In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”.‎ More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.‎ Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.‎ ‎65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .‎ A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with time C. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging ‎66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?‎ A. The project receives government support.‎ B. Different organizations work with each other.‎ C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.‎ D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.‎ ‎67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?‎ A. Storing ice for future use. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.‎ C. Changing the irrigation time. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.‎ ‎68. What do we learn from the Peru example?‎ A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.‎ C. This country is heating up too quickly. D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.‎ ‎69. According to the author, polluting industries should .‎ A. adapt to carbon pollution B. plant highly profitable crops C. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution ‎70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?‎ A. setting up a new standard. B. Reducing carbon emission.‎ C. Adapting to climate change. D. Monitoring polluting industries.‎ 参考答案：65-70．ACADDB ‎[三]‎ ‎ Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways., like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.‎ ‎ In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he ‎ can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.‎ Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.‎ There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.‎ ‎58. what can we learn from the experiment with chimps?‎ ‎ A Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.‎ B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.‎ C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.‎ D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.‎ ‎59. Micheal Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____‎ ‎ A. have the instinct to help others.‎ B. know how to offer help to adults.‎ C. know the world better than chimps.‎ D. trust adults with their hands full ‎60. The passage is mainly about ____‎ ‎ A. the helping behaviors of young children.‎ B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality.‎ C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature.‎ D. the development of intelligence in children.‎ 参考答案：58-60:AAC ‎[四]‎ In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has ‎ been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?‎ From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.‎ ‎58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .‎ A. the weight of e-goods is rather small B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of C. natural minerals contain more precious metals D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste ‎59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .‎ A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments ‎60. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.‎ C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.‎ 参考答案：58-60:BBD ‎[五]‎ In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.‎ Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the ‎ wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.‎ Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.‎ Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.‎ ‎58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .‎ A. not aware of eating more than usual B. not willing to share food with others C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided ‎59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?‎ A. playing classical music.‎ B. Introducing lemon scent.‎ C. Making the light brighter,‎ D. Using plates of larger size.‎ ‎60. What does the last paragraph talk about?‎ A. Tips to attract more customers.‎ B. Problems restaurants are faced with.‎ C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.‎ D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.‎ 参考答案：58-60:AAD ‎[六]‎ If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and abent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.‎ ‎ Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石)bones that have caved in on them selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.‎ ‎ Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knewall this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.‎ When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.‎ ‎ If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, ‎ most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.‎ ‎ Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.‎ ‎61. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?‎ A. A twisted body.‎ B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.‎ C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.‎ D. A drop in blood pressure.‎ ‎62. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see________ .‎ A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends B. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression C. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies D. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones ‎63. Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4 .‎ A. confirmed his assumption ‎ B. speeded up hisresearch process C. disagreed with his assumption ‎ D. changed his research objectives ‎64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs.‎ A. failed to evolve an anti decompression means B. gradually developed measures against the bends C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D. evolved an anti decompression means but soon lost it 参考答案：61-64:ABCA ‎[七]‎ El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman sho noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.‎ The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?‎ A. It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ ‎62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?‎ A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.‎ D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ ‎63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ___‎ A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. government of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nifio deserver more competition D. recovery and construction should come first ‎64. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To introduce El Nifio and its origin B. To explain the consequences of El Nifio C. To show ways of fighting against El Nifio D. To urge people to prepare for El Nifio 参考答案：61-64:DCAD ‎[八]‎ If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.‎ For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.‎ The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.‎ From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.‎ Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.‎ There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.‎ ‎61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .‎ A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry ‎62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?‎ A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.‎ B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.‎ C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.‎ ‎63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?‎ A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers.‎ C. To have farms of their own D. To win old farmers’ support.‎ ‎64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?‎ A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation.‎ C. Become members of NYFC D. Invest more to improve technology.‎ 参考答案：61-64:BDCA ‎[九]‎ Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hour, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.‎ Sounds unusual, doesn’t it? But it’s not that unrealistic, with the development of China’s high~ speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan — to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe.‎ China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore.‎ China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with ‎ Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and possibly to Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.‎ If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes fondant, people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.‎ The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost! as fast as some airplanes.‎ China’s bullet train (高速客车), the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the world’s fastest average speed, it covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours.‎ Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to he settled, such as safety, rail gauge (轨距), maintenance of railway tracks. So, it’s important to pay attention to every detail.‎ But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.‎ China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development.‎ It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business, tourism and so on, not to mention the better communication among those countries.‎ For China, such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much- needed resources, but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades, millions of people will migrate to the western regions, where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains, people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.‎ ‎67. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because . ‎ A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions ‎ B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation, business and tourism ‎68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .‎ A. technical issues B. safety of the system C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks ‎69. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?‎ A. Critical. B. Reserved. ‎ C. Doubtful. D. Positive.‎ ‎70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway Dreams C. High-speed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network 参考答案：67-70: BCDB ‎[十]‎ Many people may have watched the film “March of the Penguins”, which shows a real group of birds in Antarctica. Imagine a group of fat black and white birds walking in a line. Suddenly, one penguin loses his balance and falls on the ice. Every time penguins fall down, people laugh. The animals are cute!‎ People like the film very much. So much, in fact, that police in England think that it may be the reason behind a crime. A man went to a zoo in London and stole a baby penguin. Authorities think that the man stole the penguin after seeing the film and believe he wanted to give it away as a Christmas gift.‎ Michael Gauthier-Clerc, an expert studying penguins, thinks that many people like penguins but some people do not understand them. He told The New York Times newspaper, “People love the penguin’s colors, its way of standing straight upright and the way it walks.”‎ These things make penguins seem cute to people, but there are good reasons for all of these things. For example, penguins move from side to side when they walk and may seem to be out of balance. But Doctor Gauthier-Clerc says that the penguins waddle to save energy. The penguin’s colour also has a special purpose. It protects the penguins when they are swimming. From below, larger animals cannot see the penguin’s white underside because it looks the same as the bright sky or ice. And from above, other animals cannot see the penguin’s black back against the dark ocean floor.‎ The penguins’ colors protect them in nature. But scientists have found that some of these physical details also have an effect on humans. They make animals seem cute to people. Scientists believe that humans are very sensitive to things that are cute, such as human baby and even objects that may look like parts of a baby.‎ Recent studies show that cute images affect the brain in a special way. A study done at the University of Michigan tested young people’s reactions to images. It found that young people ‎ believed a message more if the message was joined by a cute picture. The researchers showed the young people two messages. One was a simple anti-smoking message. The other showed a cute animal telling them that smoking was bad. The conclusion turned out that the young people trusted the cute message more than the simple message.‎ ‎28. In the film “March of the Penguins”, ________. ‎ A. a baby penguin is stolen B. a penguin is sent out as a gift C. penguins are cute and attractive D. penguins have a bad sense of balance ‎29. It can be inferred from the passage that _______ .‎ ‎ A. a walking penguin has more energy than a swimming one ‎ B. a penguin walks in a funny way to prevent itself from falling ‎ ‎ C. a shop selling baby products are likely to make more money ‎ D. a website with cute pictures may attract more young visitors ‎30. Scientists have found that the penguins’ color can ________.‎ A. change at different places B. help them keep warm ‎ C. make people have pity on them D. protect them from being hunted ‎31. The study carried out by the University of Michigan shows that _________.‎ A. cute messages mislead people ‎ B. cuteness influences people’s judgment C. humans react to anything that is cute ‎ D. a simple message is more convincing than a cute message 参考答案：28 – 31 CDDB