2020届译林版高中英语复习必修2学案：Unit1Talesoftheunexplained

2020届译林版高中英语复习必修2学案：Unit1Talesoftheunexplained

Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．creature n．动物；(具备某种特征的)人 ‎2．flash n．&vi. 闪光，闪耀 ‎3．detective n. 侦探 ‎4．ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗 ‎5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的 ‎6．appropriate adj. 适当的 ‎7．blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格 adj. 空白的；无表情的 ‎8．tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛 ‎9．mystery n. 神秘的事或人 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的 ‎2．disappear vi. 消失；失踪 ‎3．witness n. 目击者，证人 vt. 目击，见证 ‎4．assume vt. 假定；认为 ‎5．occur vi. 发生 ‎6.aboard adv. & prep.　　在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；‎ ‎ 上(轮船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎7．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例 ‎8．evidence n. 证据 ‎9．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散 ‎10．base n. 基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt. 以……为基础 ‎ ‎11．humour n. 幽默 ‎12．discount n. 折扣 ‎13．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金 vt. 授予，奖励 ‎14. attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻击；进攻 ‎15．reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储备 vt. 预订；保留；储备 ‎16．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 ‎17．link vt.& n. 联系，关联 ‎18．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或 ‎ 讨厌的)‎ ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造 ‎2．amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇 ‎3．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 ‎4．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地 ‎5．injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的 ‎6．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在→existing adj.目前的；现存的 ‎7．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排→organizer n．组织者 ‎8．strength n．力量，力气；优点，长处→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的 ‎9．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的 ‎10．survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．The present situation here is puzzling, and we are all puzzled about what will happen in the days to come.(puzzle)‎ ‎2．Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident yesterday, so he can't go on with his work until he recovers from the injury.(injure)‎ ‎3．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)‎ ‎4．Luckily, the boy survived the terrible car crash last week and he was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)‎ ‎5．The construction of the pyramids is a wonder and many early history scholars tried to study them, telling how the construction was constructed.(construct)‎ ‎6．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.(amaze)‎ ‎7．To make yourself strong or increase your strength, you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.step up　 加紧，加强，促进 ‎2．due to 由于，因为 ‎3．show up 出现， 现身 ‎4．take charge of 负责，掌管 ‎5．make up 编造，杜撰；构成；弥补 ‎6．look into 调查；朝……里看 ‎7．dozens of 许多，很多 ‎1.Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due to the storm.‎ ‎2．She did not believe me and told me not to make up stories.‎ ‎3．To achieve the increase in orders, the factory has to step up production.‎ ‎4．You never know when Tracy is coming: she just shows up when she feels like it.‎ ‎8．belong to 属于；是……的成员 ‎9．make one's way to 前往，到……去 ‎ ‎10．carry out 实施；完成；执行 ‎11．run into 偶遇，无意中碰见 ‎12．leave out 遗漏；省去；不考虑 ‎13．believe in 信任 ‎14．be enthusiastic about 对……热心的/热情的 ‎15．be based on 以……为基础 ‎16．pick up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接 ‎5．Your complaint is being looked into; when we have anything to report we will write to you again.‎ ‎6．Originally belonging to Mr.Smith, the house and surrounding farmland were seized in 1889.‎ ‎7．When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane, I asked Uncle George for help.‎ ‎8．People are wondering which of the five sons can take charge of the company if their father, the general manager now, retires.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. ‎ 目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。‎ ‎“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。‎ ‎(2016·四川高考满分作文)在春天，我们总是能看到孩子们在野外放风筝。‎ In spring, we can always find some children flying kites in the field.‎ ‎2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.‎ ‎(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。‎ 完全倒装结构：v.ing短语＋be＋主语(主语较长)。‎ ‎(2016·北京高考写作佳句)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。‎ Standing on both sides of the street are many old people and children.‎ ‎3.The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. ‎ 据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。‎ Sb./Sth. be said to do“据说……”，可转换为It＋be＋said that ...。‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。‎ Some famous players from the world are said to be invited to give lessons.‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段 ‎①Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.‎ 完成句子 ‎②I was totally puzzled what to do next.‎ 我完全不知道下一步该干什么。‎ ‎③Elizabeth raised some questions to express her puzzle about grammar.‎ 伊丽莎白提出了一些问题表达了自己对语法的困惑。‎ ‎④Some people are puzzled about the fact that he is still single.‎ 一些人对他仍然单身感到困惑。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)be puzzled about　　　 　　 对……感到困惑 be puzzled＋疑问词＋to do 对做……感到困惑 ‎(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑 ‎ n. 难题；谜 puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤Her puzzling look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.puzzling→puzzled 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你不了解这些诗歌的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。‎ You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these poems.‎ ‎[名师指津]　puzzled, confused, frightened, excited,‎ ‎ surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎2．witness n．[C]目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses (witness) to the knife attack.‎ ‎②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.‎ ‎③Luckily, several people volunteered to witness for my father.‎ ‎④Mary witnessed to having seen (see)the man near the scene of the crime.‎ 翻译句子 ‎⑤He is said to be a key witness in this case.‎ 据说他是这起案件中的一名关键证人。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)a witness to sth.　　　　 某事的证人/证明 give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明 ‎(2) witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事 witness for 为……作证 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥As one of the most popular teachers in our school life, you are more than welcome to witness to the wonderful occasion.去掉witness后的to 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)过去的十年，已经见证了校长们付出的努力以及在发展体育事业方面取得的成就。‎ The past ten years has witnessed the efforts of our headmasters and their achievements of developing sports business.‎ ‎[名师指津]　see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，这是一种拟人修辞法。‎ ‎3．assume vt.假定；认为 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I don't think there's enough information to make an assumption (assume)．We just don't know what happened to her.‎ ‎②We must assume him to be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.‎ ‎③It is assumed that women are normally more sensitive than men.‎ ‎④People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don't.‎ ‎⑤Assuming (assume) that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)assume sb./sth.to be　　　 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that ... 人们认为……‎ assume that ... 设想/认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 ‎(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 僻义牢牢记 ‎⑥The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.承担(责任)‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2017·全国Ⅲ卷书面表达)If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com.(用assume进行句式升级)‎ ‎→Assuming you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com.‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“假设，如果”的表达法有：‎ if＝ ‎4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 完成句子 ‎①Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she didn't know how to speak it out.‎ 她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。‎ ‎②It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.‎ 我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。‎ ‎③It never occurred to her to ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.‎ 当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ sth. occur(s) to sb.　　　　　　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④A brilliant idea was occurred to me when I woke up this morning.去掉was 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。‎ Besides, it occurred to me that I should tell you that you need to avoid making noise while chewing food.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：‎ It hits/hit sb.that ...‎ It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...‎ It strikes/struck sb.that ...‎ ‎5．exist vi.存在；生存 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．‎ ‎②Some strange ideas existed in his mind.‎ ‎③There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so the judgment was not announced in court.‎ 完成句子 ‎④The man existed on bread and water for over five months.‎ 这个人依靠面包和水生活了五个多月。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)exist in　　　　　　　 存在于 exist on 靠……生存 There exist(s) ... 有……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在 come into existence 成立；开始存在 ‎(3)existing adj. 目前的；现存的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤There is existing a good way to solve the existing problem at present.is existing→exists 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2014·北京高考书面表达)在我们学校，自行车的存放地有一个问题。‎ There existed a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.‎ ‎[名师指津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎6．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 完成句子/一句多译 ‎①在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。‎ In her career, Mary won many awards.‎ ‎②那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。‎ The old scientist was awarded for his contributions to his country.‎ 因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。‎ ‎③The chairman awarded her the gold medal for her good deeds.‎ ‎④The chairman awarded the gold medal to her for her good deeds.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)award sb. for sth.　　　　　 因为某事而奖励某人 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物 be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励……‎ ‎(2)win awards/receive one's awards　获奖/接受颁奖 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤After the competition, the chief judge awarded the cup with the winner.with→to 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，我相信你的参与将会让我们受益匪浅。‎ Learning that you have won many awards in robotics competition, I believe your participation will benefit us a lot.‎ ‎7．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.‎ ‎②Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength (strong)．‎ 完成句子 ‎③The patient was too weak to have the strength to stand up (有站起来的力量)．‎ ‎④To beat the other teams, you have to know their strengths and weaknesses (优势和劣势)．‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)strengths and weaknesses　　　　　优势和劣势 build up one's strength/body 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 ‎(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 僻义牢牢记 ‎⑤It is very alcoholic, sometimes near the strength of port.浓度 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)至于我，我非常迷恋篮球，因为它一直给我力量面对生活中的挑战。‎ As for me, I'm crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenge in my life.‎ ‎8．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.‎ ‎②You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.‎ ‎③It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to go (go) to school again.‎ ‎④The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)convince sb. of sth.　　　　 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……‎ ‎(2)convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 be convinced of ... 确信……；相信……‎ be convinced that ... 确信……‎ ‎(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough convinced evidence.convinced→convincing 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。‎ I, on behalf of the Students' Union, expect all of you to come and I am convinced that you will know the school's history better by the film.‎ ‎9．survive vi.生存；幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.‎ ‎②Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.‎ ‎③If cancers are spotted early there's a high chance of survival (survive)．‎ 翻译句子 ‎④据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。‎ It's said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years.‎ ‎⑤大多数人没有幸免于此， 是我的队友救了我。‎ Most people didn't survive this and it is my teammate who saved my life.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)survive sth. 　　　　　 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来 survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(几年)‎ ‎(2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 僻义牢牢记 ‎⑥In order to survive the competition our company should make changes.挺过(难关)‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸的传统，特别是在春节期间，在中国已经流传了数千年。‎ The tradition of papercutting, especially during Spring Festival, has survived in China for thousands of years.‎ ‎1．show up 出现，现身；露面 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ show sb. around/round　　　　 领某人参观 show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去 show off 炫耀，卖弄；展示 on show 展览，陈列 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 用法条条清(完成句子)‎ ‎①Sometimes very old things show up in ordinary places.‎ 有时候，非常古老的东西会出现在平常的地方。‎ ‎②The boss is showing us around/round his factory.‎ 老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。‎ ‎③Taking photos of food enables people to show off and share their mealtime moments.‎ 对食物拍照可以让人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。‎ ‎④Her main job is showing guests in and out.‎ 她的主要工作是领客进出。‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2017·浙江高考书面表达)我计划本周末组织一次郊游，如果你能准时到场，我会很高兴的。‎ I plan to organize an outing this weekend and I would be very pleased if you can show up on time.‎ ‎2．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中make up的含义 ‎①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.组成，构成 ‎②They'll do all they can to make up for the economic losses.弥补 ‎③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆 ‎④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和好 ‎⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造 ‎⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ make up for 　　　　　　　 弥补；补偿 be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of ‎ 由……组成/构成 make out 辨认出；理解，明白 make way for 为……让路 make it 成功 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 用法条条清(用make短语完成下面语段)‎ Our plant ⑦is made up of fifty women workers.Some of them like ⑧making up so much that they are often late for work.When questioned by the boss, they usually ⑨make up some excuses for it.What's worse, sometimes some didn't ⑩make way for the new workers unless they were given red packets.Even if the boss came in, he couldn't ⑪make out what was happening.However, all the workers hold the belief that as long as you work hard you'll ⑫make it one day.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑬(2018·浙江高考书面表达)做一名志愿者也是我提高英语口语和弥补缺点的好机会。‎ Being a volunteer is also a good opportunity for me to improve my spoken English and make up for my disadvantages.‎ ‎3．belong to 属于，是……的成员 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Please take fewer belongings (belong) next time. There is little room left in our car.‎ ‎②She tells her students that the future belongs to the welleducated.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 ‎ ‎(2)belongings n．　　　　财产；所有物；相关事物 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③Chances are belonged to the wellprepared persons.are belonged→belong 佳句时时写 ‎④(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，属于中国一流大学之一。‎ Peking University has a long history and deep cultural deposits, belonging to one of the top universities in China.‎ ‎[名师指津]　belong to不用于进行时态，但是它的现在分词形式可以作后置定语。‎ He took the book belonging to me by mistake.‎ 他误拿了属于我的那本书。‎ ‎4．完全倒装结构 ‎　[教材原句]　Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①Buried in the sands was an ancient village.‎ 一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。‎ ‎②Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.‎ 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。‎ ‎③Out rushed a cat from under the bed.‎ 从床底下跑出一只猫。‎ ‎④Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.‎ 年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。‎ ‎⑤Once upon a time there lived a doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.‎ 从前有个名医叫华佗。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ ‎(1))当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。‎ ‎(2))表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here， there， now， then， up， down， in， out， off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be， lie， sit， stand， come， go， exist， live， rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(3))there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live， exist， lie， stand， seem， rise， remain， happen， come， go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster, teachers, students and some of the students' parents.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance.‎ ‎5．be said to do ... 据说……‎ ‎　[教材原句]　The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①Green is said to be the most restful color. ‎ ‎＝It is said that green is the most restful color.‎ 据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。‎ ‎②It is reported that many a new house has been built in the disaster area.‎ ‎＝Many a new house is reported to have been built in the disaster area.‎ 据报道，灾区已经建设了许多新房。‎ ‎③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.‎ ‎＝Carbon dioxide is said to be heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.‎ 据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ ‎(1))Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)：,Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋‎ ‎(2))用于本句型的动词还有 think， believe， expect， report， consider， suppose等。‎ ‎(3)Sb./Sth. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth.,＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ...,据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China.‎ ‎＝It is believed that arriving at your friend's home early is polite in China.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.＝Our country is reported to hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Lhakpa joined an expedition of five women in 2000 who convinced (劝说) the government to give them a permit.‎ ‎2．Let us assume (假定) that people may live to 150 in the future.‎ ‎3．The crash occurred (发生) when the crew shut down the wrong engine.‎ ‎4．Though there are no other witnesses (目击者), Lucy insists she saw a man in the yard that night.‎ ‎5．The expression is probably based (以……为基础) on church customs.‎ ‎6．His ancestors (祖先) had come to America from Ireland.‎ ‎7．He was dismissed (解雇) from his job for breaking the company safety regulations.‎ ‎8．I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.‎ ‎9．Like her mother, Irene was awarded (授予) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935.‎ ‎10．His clothes were not appropriate (适当的) for a job interview, so it is not surprising that he did not get the job.‎ ‎11．Dominic's train was due (预期的) in at five and he'd asked for a lift back from the station.‎ ‎12．Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount (折扣) and a free delivery.‎ ‎13．So far, he has collected enough evidence (证据) of the wild man's existence.‎ ‎14．In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humour (幽默) can be helpful.‎ ‎15．In some cases (情况), manufacturers promote them as cancer fighters and heart protectors.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.‎ ‎2．Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.‎ ‎3．David's strength (strong) is that he won't give up whatever difficulty he meets with.‎ ‎4．The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.‎ ‎5．The driver of the truck suffered only minor injuries (injure) to his legs and arms.‎ ‎6．The forecast said that there's a possibility (possible) of snow tonight.‎ ‎7．Einstein's colleagues convinced him to write (write) to President Franklin about building a nuclear weapon.‎ ‎8．We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up.‎ ‎9．The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence (exist)．‎ ‎10．The teacher awarded Tom for his good behavior.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Assumed that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.Assumed→Assuming ‎2．To play such puzzled games can increase the intellectual level of children.puzzled→puzzling ‎3．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen ‎4．That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.第一个That→It ‎5．You should give some evidence to make yourself convincing.convincing→convinced ‎6．He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by ‎7．The woman awarded D|S100 with the boy for saving her son.with→to ‎8．You are often reminded that chances are belong to the young men.去掉第二个are ‎9．Taxies are expensive and riding the subway requires dozen of steep steps to get below the ground.dozen→dozens ‎10．Among the crises that face humans is there the lack of natural resources.去掉there Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．There exist many differences in higher education between China and America.‎ 中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同之处。‎ ‎2．In order to help the students understand better, the teacher made up an interesting story.‎ 为了帮助学生们更好地理解，老师编了一个有趣的故事。‎ ‎3．At the school gate sat an old woman, waiting to see her grandson.‎ 一个老太太坐在校门口，等着看她的孙子。‎ ‎4．Do call your parents when you get to Peking University.‎ 你到北京大学后务必给你的父母打电话。‎ ‎5．It occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.‎ 我突然想起来我把伞忘在楼上了。‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“难解之谜”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——难解之谜 ‎(一)浅易词汇温一温 ‎①discover　 　②interesting　　③science　　④understand ‎⑤discovery ⑥environment ⑦theory ⑧explore ‎⑨unbelievable ⑩mystery ⑪scientist ⑫microscope ‎⑬amazed ⑭luckily ⑮helpful ⑯species ‎⑰dream ⑱reality ⑲curiosity ⑳strange ‎(二)生疏词汇记一记 ‎①frighten vt.使惊吓；害怕　　 ②scenery n．风景；景色 ‎③religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 ④phenomenon n．现象，事件 ‎⑤technology n．科技 ⑥form v．形成，构成 ‎⑦origin n．起源 ⑧emerge vi.出现，浮现 ‎ ‎⑨fascinated adj.着迷的 ⑩microbe n．微生物 ‎⑪trail n．足迹 ⑫expedition n．考察 ‎⑬existence n．存在 ⑭reflect v．反映；反射 ‎⑮crash n．撞碎；坠毁 vi.坠落 ‎⑯rewarding adj.有益的，值得的；有报酬的 ‎⑰material n．材料，原料 adj.物质的 ‎⑱concept n．观念，概念；观点；思想 ‎⑲incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的 ‎ (三)常用词块忆一忆 ‎①popular science books 科普读物 ‎②arouse one's curiosity about 引起对……的好奇心 ‎③explore science 探索科学 ‎④draw one's attention to 引起人们的注意 ‎⑤in a scientific way 用科学的方式 ‎⑥look like 看起来像 ‎⑦contribute to 导致；促使 ‎⑧take photos 拍照 ‎⑨in reality 实际上；事实上 ‎⑩have something in common 有共同点 ‎⑪to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是 ‎⑫account for 解释；导致 ‎⑬seek for 寻找 ‎⑭pay attention to 注意 ‎⑮be curious about 对……好奇 ‎⑯lose sight of 看不见 ‎ (四)写作佳句背一背 ‎①What is obvious to everyone is that the child has a great curiosity to unknown things.‎ ‎②Some of the reports about UFOs are difficult to believe.‎ ‎③It is the scientists who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.‎ 二、话题书面表达亮一点 ‎(2015·天津高考)假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。‎ ‎(1)自我介绍；‎ ‎(2)拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；‎ ‎(3)询问对方的其他需求。‎ 注意：(1)词数不少于100；‎ ‎(2)请适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：学生会 the Student Union Dear Chris，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎[写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 president, donated books, take part in, the summer camp, excited, bring along, popular science books, interesting, understand, arouse one's curiosity, explore　　‎ ‎1．我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。‎ I am Li Jin, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.‎ ‎2．现在我写邮件告诉你一些关于我们捐赠的图书的事情。‎ Now I am writing an email to tell you something about our donated books.‎ ‎3．今年七月我们将去参加你们学校的夏令营。‎ We will go to take part in the summer camp in your school this July.‎ ‎4．这让我们非常激动。‎ This makes us very excited.‎ ‎5．我们将带来大约五百本书。‎ We are going to bring along about five hundred books with us.‎ ‎6．大部分是科普读物。‎ Most are popular science books.‎ ‎7．它们非常有趣，能帮助我们更好地理解科学，激发我们的好奇心。‎ They are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity.‎ ‎8．有些书是为那些学习汉语的学生准备的。‎ Some books are for students who are learning Chinese.‎ ‎9．这些捐赠的书会让你们对探索科学更感兴趣。‎ These donated books will make you more interested in exploring science.‎ ‎10．如果你需要其他种类的书，请告诉我。‎ If you need any other kind of books, please tell me.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎11．把句3中的“你们学校的”改写为过去分词短语“你校举办的”作camp的后置定语。‎ We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July.‎ ‎12．在句5中加入目的状语“为你们班”。‎ We are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.‎ ‎13．在句6中加入定语从句“我们提供的”。‎ Most that we provide are popular science books.‎ ‎14．把句7中的“激发我们的好奇心”扩写为“激发我们对科学发现的好奇心”。‎ They are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity ‎ about scientific discoveries.‎ ‎15．在句8中加入修饰语“专门的”“作为一门外语”。‎ Some books are intended for students who are learning Chinese as a foreign language.‎ ‎16．在句9中加入并列谓语“有助于提高你们的中文水平”。‎ These donated books will make you more interested in exploring science and help enhance your Chinese.‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎17．用非限制性定语从句合并句11和句4。‎ We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which makes us very excited.‎ ‎18．用主语从句改写句13并和句14合并为一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。‎ What we provide most are popular science books, which are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.‎ ‎19．用not only ...but also ...升级句16，并在句首加入I believe将句子改写成主从复合句。‎ I believe these donated books will not only make you more interested in exploring science but also help enhance your Chinese.‎ ‎20．用do强调谓语动词来升级句10。‎ If you need any other kind of books, please do tell me.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 加入书信常用开头“How is everything going？”并用衔接词first， at the same time， besides， by the way等连句成文 Dear Chris，‎ How is everything going? I am Li Jin, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.Now I am writing an email to tell you something about our donated books.‎ First, we will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which makes us very excited.At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.What we provide most are popular science books, which are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.Besides, some books are intended for students who are learning Chinese as a foreign language.I believe these donated books will not only make you more interested in exploring science but also help enhance your Chinese.‎ By the way, if you need any other kind of books, please do tell me.‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin Ⅰ.根据提示填空 Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible ❶discovery (discover)．Antoni was an amateur ❷scientist (science) from Holland, so ❸fascinated (着迷的) by ❹microscopes (显微镜) that he'd built some of his own.One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog drew his attention to a puddle (水坑)．Antoni collected a drop of puddle water and put it under his microscope.He was ❺amazed (amaze) to see a whole community of ❻creatures (生物) swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.These tiny beings, called ❼microbes (微生物), are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table.You even would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion! Microbes can't ❽survive (存活下来) on their own.They need food.After settling into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins.Some microbes can make you sick.People usually call these ones germs.❾Luckily (lucky) for you, there are more helpful (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.‎ Ⅱ.片段选词填空 hard， reality， mystery， species， unknown， dream of， helicopter， amazing， discover， unusual， expedition For many years, Bruce Bexler ❶dreamed_of going where no human had gone before.He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and ❷discover rare, exotic species.That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a ❸reality.In December 2015, he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea by ❹helicopter. “Once we were on the ground, there were no trails anywhere; it was really ❺hard to get around，” Bexler says.‎ Within minutes of landing, the team spotted a black chickenlike bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck.The scientists soon determined that the ❻unusual creature was a type of honeyeater — the first new bird ❼species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years.They discovered more than 40 previously ❽unknown plant and animal species. “We were like kids in a candy store，” Bexler recalls.“Everywhere we looked, we saw ❾amazing things we had never seen before.” The newfound species didn't shy away from the scientists.Bexler thinks the animals weren't scared because they had never seen humans before.Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely.They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. “We just scratched the surface，” Bexler ‎ says. “Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.”‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made.‎ ‎2．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.‎ ‎3．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.‎ ‎4．(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction (construct)．‎ ‎5．(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．‎ ‎6．(2017·江苏高考)The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.‎ ‎7．(2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.‎ ‎8．(2015·四川高考)Little Tom sat amazed (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ ‎9．(2014·江西高考)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince (convinced) me.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 puzzle, make up for, incident, explain, humor, belong to, convince, occur, possible, enthusiastic, amazing, witness, laughter　　‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar. ‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much time？ ‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考)They listened with great interest, and then 47 joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures. ‎ ‎4．(2015·湖南高考)Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was shaking inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: 'Put your heads on the desks and close your eyes!‎ ‎ We are going on a journey.' 40 ， the children fell silent. ‎ ‎5．(2015·天津高考)“Sold！” said the owner. Then he 31 ： He'd seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we'd appreciate the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. ‎ ‎6．(2014·重庆高考)Your best defense is a sense of 31 . If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner”． ‎ ‎7．(2013·福建高考)Suddenly, I long to walk again in the house where I was once so gloriously a child. It still 45 a member of the family, but has not been lived in for a while. ‎ ‎8．(2012·浙江高考)Impressed by its beauty, Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner.Oscar 28 the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. ‎ ‎9．(2012·福建高考)I'm left 36 . Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other races？ ‎ ‎10．(2011·浙江高考)Two years ago, I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to 25 my disability pension (残疾抚恤金)． ‎ ‎11．(2010·福建高考)Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 53 ， but, in the end, the joke is on me.Every laugh is a culture lost; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away. ‎ ‎12．(2009·浙江高考)That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 .Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult feelings that day's discoveries had inspired. ‎ ‎13．(2009·湖南高考)Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, “Look！Johnny has two left feet！” 43 burst from the crowd.Johnny broke away and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance. ‎ 答案：1.occurred　2.possible　3.enthusiastically 4．Amazingly　5.explained　6.humor　7.belongs to 8．convinced　9.puzzled　10.make up for　11.incident 12．witnessed　13.Laughter 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：“难解之谜”主要指人类尚未探明的未知世界，该话题主要涉及历史古迹、自然奇观、未知科技等领域，常结合青少年的好奇心、求知欲及探索精神来命题。考查语篇多为学生并不熟悉的题材，阅读难度偏大。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock 'n' roll. Longago builders could have attached ‎ wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.‎ ‎“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.‎ People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.‎ The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.‎ Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.‎ However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, 'Why don't they just try rolling the things？'”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．‎ So he tried it.‎ He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.‎ They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.‎ West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。古埃及人如何搬运巨石建造金字塔一直是一个谜，不过一项新研究表明，他们有可能是通过在巨石四周捆绑木棒，使其滚动运行这一更加省力的办法来搬运巨石的。‎ ‎46．It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .‎ A．rolling them on roads B．pushing them over the sand C．sliding them on smooth paths D．dragging them on some poles 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The most popular view is that Egyptian ‎ workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.”可知，人们普遍接受的观点是埃及人是在光滑的道路上滑动石块的，故选C项。‎ ‎47．The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means .‎ A．made the paths wet B．made the paths hard C．made the paths wide D．made the paths slippery 解析：选D　词义猜测题。由该词组所在句子的后半部分“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或牛的脂肪使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。‎ ‎48．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?‎ A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.‎ B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.‎ C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.‎ D．Rolling the blocks with fat.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该在第六段。由文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ... make a block of stone 'a lot easier to roll than a square'．”可知，物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试，故选A项。‎ ‎49．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?‎ A．Because more force is needed for sliding.‎ B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.‎ C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.‎ D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.”可知，用滚动的方法不需要带着牛的脂肪或水使道路变得光滑，也就是说对道路做的准备工作更少，故选D项。‎ ‎50．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ 解析：‎ 选D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了古埃及人搬运巨石建造金字塔可能用的更省力的办法，故选D项。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 巧用“就近原则”解代词指代题 代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。即对it, they, them, she, he等人称代词与this, these, that, those等指示代词的正确指代做出判断。历年高考题中代词指代题常出现在人物变换多或动作变换频繁的语境中。解题时，要注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代，即画线代词指代的是在性(阴或阳)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。也就是说代词所指代的词通常在本句或其前句中。‎ 例如上文第48小题，根据“就近原则”和“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该是文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ... make a block of stone 'a lot easier to roll than a square'．”物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试，故选A项。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Questioning the existence of aliens is something that scientists have done for decades.In fact, most people do believe that aliens exist in some fashion.The main necessities for life are water and some forms of energy source.Not surprisingly, there are some planets, exoplanets and moons that fit the bill.Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.‎ ‎◆TRAPPIST－1‎ TRAPPIST－1 is a planetary system a few dozen light years away, whose discovery was announced in early 2017.This system consists of seven earthlike exoplanets orbiting an “ultracool” star, and it is one of our shots at finding possible life beyond our own solar system.‎ ‎◆Titan Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, the sixth planet from our Sun.This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think.Titan does not exactly fit the description of being in a typical habitable zone.Titan has water, and it has liquid.It just doesn't have liquid water.The water on this moon is completely solid because of the extremely cold temperature.‎ ‎◆Europa Europa is one of Jupiter's moons here in our own solar system.It is another candidate due to ‎ its potential to hold liquid water.Europa is thought to have all the necessities for life including water, energy sources, and the right chemical buildup.‎ ‎◆Mars The Red Planet, the fourth from the Sun, is probably one of the most talkedabout potential candidates for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life and even for human colonization.Despite some different voices, finding extraterrestrial life on Mars is really a serious possibility.We know by now that we won't find little green men or any intelligent form of life that we understand.However, there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet.‎ 语篇解读：科学家们对外星人的存在研究了数十年，本文介绍了人们一致认为的可能发现外星人的地方，包括土星最大的卫星泰坦、木卫二和火星等。‎ ‎1．The common point of these celestial bodies (天体) is that .‎ A．solid water exists on them respectively B．life might exist on each of them C．they all contain liquid water D．each of them has living things on it 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.”并结合下文的介绍可知，生命体可能存在于文中提及的这些天体上，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．Which celestial body could have life different from human imagination?‎ A．TRAPPIST－1.　　　　 B．Titan.‎ C．Europa. D．Mars.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Titan部分的第二句可知，这颗卫星有可能会孕育生命，但可能不是我们所想的那样。据此可知，泰坦中的生命体可能和我们想象的不一样，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What do we know from the passage?‎ A．Europa is the most talkedabout potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.‎ B．TRAPPIST－1 is the only body that contains life beyond the solar system.‎ C．All the scientists do believe that aliens exist in some manner.‎ D．There is proof that life existed on the celestial body Mars.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据本文尾句可知，有证据表明，在这颗红色的小星球上曾经存在过或仍然存在着生命。据此可知，火星上有生命是有证据的，故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2020届高三·名校原创预测卷九)A team of scientists found a new planet in space by ‎ accident. It was a discovery that could change science. “We hit the jackpot here，” said scientist Guillem AngladaEscude about the discovery of the planet more or less like Earth that is orbiting Proxima Centauri (半人马座比邻星), the star nearest to our solar system.‎ What do we know about this exciting new Earth? Well, Proxima b, or “Earth Ⅱ” as you could call it, is a little bigger than our Earth, and its revolution only takes 11 days. Also, since it is so much closer to its red dwarf star than Earth to the sun, the sky there is orange without any blue at all, creating a forever sunset effect. But there are a lot of questions about life forms that could live on this new planet.‎ The discovery of the planet made the Chicago Tribune newspaper wonder if anyone had seen or heard of the US's space postcards from its Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spaceship, which were pictures of a man and a woman, along with diagrams of the solar system. If there are aliens (外星人) on Proxima b, they would have found images showing the incredible diversity of Earth.‎ Aliens might also have heard the message from former US President Jimmy Carter：“This is a present from a small distant world ... We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic (银河的) civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe.”‎ It might not be time to plan a visit to Proxima b just yet — even if it has an atmosphere — at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)．‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家在太空中发现一颗大小与地球有几分相似的行星。这颗类地行星绕着半人马座比邻星(距我们太阳系最近的恒星)进行轨道运动。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined phrase “hit the jackpot” probably mean?‎ A．Make a bet.　　　　　　 B．Take a risk.‎ C．Succeed by chance. D．Miss the boat.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的第一、二句及下文内容可知，科学家偶然发现了一颗类似地球的行星，这是一项能够改变科学的新发现。对于发现这颗行星的科学家来说，他们好像是中头奖了。hit the jackpot意为“中头奖”，在此可指“意外成功”。故选C。‎ ‎5．What does the author say about Proxima b?‎ A．It has a shorter period of revolution.‎ B．It is of the similar weight to Earth.‎ C．It is a newlyfound planet in the solar system.‎ D．Its sky looks orange for being closer to the sun.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“its revolution only takes 11 days”‎ 可知，比邻星b的公转周期仅有11天。相对于地球的公转周期(约365天)而言，比邻星b的公转周期要短得多。‎ ‎6．What do President Jimmy Carter's words suggest?‎ A．Humans' eagerness to meet creatures from outer space.‎ B．The great progress made in space exploration.‎ C．The best wishes for America's space program.‎ D．Humans' determination to explore outer space.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容和其中的关键信息“we may live into yours”“to join”“our determination”可知，美国前总统Jimmy Carter给外星人的留言内容传递了人类探索外太空的决心。故选D。‎ ‎7．What seems to be the major problem for our visit to Proxima b?‎ A．The lack of air on the planet.‎ B．Too great a distance from us.‎ C．Uncertainty about life forms there.‎ D．The glaring sunlight all years.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)”可知，如果人类想要探访比邻星b，需要寻找一种更快的抵达方式。人类以3.6万英里每小时(约5.79万千米/时)的速度需要7.8万年才能到达那里。由此可推知，人类探索比邻星b的最大问题是比邻星b距离我们太远。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019·济南模拟)There was a little, but always strange girl. Everything was bad for her. She wished to meet an enchantress (女魔法师) that would turn her life a(n) 1 tale.‎ One day an enchantress came and said that one of her wishes would 2 . The girl became very happy at first, but then she started to think that she had a lot of wishes and all of them were 3 for her. She could not 4 just one. Then the 5 enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day. The girl became 6 — now all her dreams will become realities.‎ From that day on, she was waiting every morning with joy and 7 . Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones ... But soon the little girl realized that 8 of the wishes did not give her joy and happiness which she 9 for. Many wishes brought her disappointment, and some 10 pains. Almost every dream was an empty little girl's caprice (任性). Though being 11 ， she suddenly found that she did not 12 this. Soon she started to 13 the dreams. Sh e was afraid to 14 every day, waiting for the realization of another wish. Crying, she asked the enchantress to 15 only one dream — to live as she lived 16 and enjoy life.‎ The good enchantress had 17 upon the little girl. She waved her magic wand and disappeared. The girl was happy 18 she knew that now she would carefully seek for her one big 19 dream, not wasting time with shortterm, 20 ， quite unnecessary wishes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇寓言故事，讲述了一个小女孩遇到了一位女魔法师，她答应每天实现小女孩一个愿望以及小女孩在这个过程中所明白的道理。‎ ‎1．A.funny　　　　　　　 B．outstanding C．fairy D．extraordinary 解析：选C　根据语境可知，小女孩的生活很糟糕，她希望遇到一位女魔法师，把她的生活变成童话。fairy tale“童话”。‎ ‎2．A.give out B．come true C．come out D．give off 解析：选B　根据下文中的“The girl became very happy at first”可知，此处为她的愿望中的一个会实现(come true)。‎ ‎3．A.mysterious B．humorous C．important D．private 解析：选C　根据上文可知，小女孩有很多愿望，下文提到“She could not just one”，所以此处应是指所有的愿望对她来说都很重要(important)，她无法只选择一个。‎ ‎4．A.remind B．choose C．change D．guess 解析：选B　参见上题解析。choose“选择”；remind“提醒”；guess“猜测”。‎ ‎5．A.kind B．strict C．magical D．optimistic 解析：选A　根据空后的“enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day”可知，女魔法师说她每天都会帮助小女孩实现一个愿望，因此她是善良的(kind)。最后一段中的“The good enchantress”也是提示。‎ ‎6．A.weaker B．prouder C．luckier D．happier 解析：选D　善良的女魔法师答应她每天都能实现一个愿望，所以这个小女孩变得更加高兴(happier)了。‎ ‎7．A.enthusiasm B．sorrow C．surprise D．doubt 解析：选A　从那天起，她每天早晨都怀着喜悦和热情(enthusiasm)等待着。sorrow“‎ 悲伤”；surprise“惊讶”；doubt“怀疑”。‎ ‎8．A.description B．wonder C．achievement D．expression 解析：选C　根据上文“Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones”可知，此处指梦想成了现实，但是愿望的实现(achievement)并没有给小女孩带来她所期望的快乐。‎ ‎9．A.hoped B．took C．thanked D．answered 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎10．A.still B．ever C．indeed D．even 解析：选D　上文指出许多愿望使她感到失望，此处应指一些愿望甚至(even)给她带来了痛苦。此处用even表示递进关系。‎ ‎11．A.annoyed B．satisfied C．confused D．excited 解析：选B　上文说女魔法师实现了小女孩的愿望，所以此处表示小女孩是满足的(satisfied)。‎ ‎12．A.want B．do C．get D．decide 解析：选A　根据上文中的Though可知，小女孩虽然实现了愿望，但她突然发现这并不是她想要的。‎ ‎13．A.suspect B．hate C．fear D．enjoy 解析：选C　根据下文中的“She was afraid to every day, waiting for the realization of another wish”可知，此处为她开始害怕(fear)梦想。下文中的“was afraid to”为重要提示。‎ ‎14．A.stand up B．wake up C．go to sleep D．dress up 解析：选B　根据上文的“that she would help her realize one wish every day”“she was waiting every morning with joy and ”可知，此处表示她每天醒来(wake up)。‎ ‎15．A.understand B．remember C．accept D．realize 解析：选D　根据语境以及空后的“only one dream”可知，此处指实现一个愿望，故用realize。‎ ‎16．A.before B．alone C．later D．now 解析：选A　此处表示像她以前(before)那样生活，享受生活。‎ ‎17．A.effect B．envy C．mercy D．punishment 解析：选C　根据空前的“The good enchantress”和下文“The girl was happy”可知，此处应指这位善良的女魔法师对这个女孩是仁慈的(mercy)。‎ ‎18．A.so B．because C．as if D．even though 解析：选B　女孩很高兴，因为她知道现在她会认真地寻找一个有价值的梦想。根据语境可知空处前后为因果关系，且为前果后因，故选because。‎ ‎19．A.apparent B．delicate C．typical D．valuable 解析：选D　根据下文中的“not wasting time with shortterm, ， quite unnecessary wishes”可知，此处为有价值的(valuable)梦想。‎ ‎20．A.by all means B．by coincidence C．as a result D．in fact 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指不要把时间浪费在短期的愿望上，实际上，这些短期的愿望是没有必要的。in fact“事实上，实际上”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019·长沙质检)Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese festivals. It is often 1 (call) “Lunar New Year”， because — as part of the lunisolar (阴阳的) Chinese calendar — the date is partially determined based on lunar phase (月亮或行星的相位). The festival traditionally 2 (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival 3 is on the 15th day. Chinese New Year's Eve, a day when Chinese families gather for their annual reunion dinner, is known as Chú Xī. It literally means “Yearpass Eve”．‎ According to 4 (tale) and legends, the beginning of Chinese New Year started with the fight against 5 mythical (神话的) beast called Nian (年兽). Nian would come on the first day of New Year to devour livestock (牲畜), crops, and even villagers, 6 (especial) children. To protect 7 ， the villagers would put food in front of their doors at the beginning of every year. It was believed that after the Nian 8 (eat) the food they prepared, it wouldn't attack people any more. One time, people saw that the Nian was scared away by a little child wearing red. The villagers then understood that the Nian was afraid 9 the colour red. Hence, every time when the New Year was about to come, the villagers would hang red lanterns and red spring scrolls on windows and doors. People also used fireworks 10 (frighten) away the Nian. From then on, Nian never came to the village again.‎ ‎1．called　考查语态。春节常被叫作“农历新年”，此处主语It与动词call之间为被动关系，故填called。‎ ‎2．begins　考查时态。传统上来讲，春节开始于农历第一个月的第一天。此处是对客观事实的描述，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎3．which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Lantern Festival，故填which/that。‎ ‎4．tales　考查名词复数。tale为可数名词，前无限定词，且根据空后的legends可知，此处应用tale的复数形式与legends构成并列关系。‎ ‎5．a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，且mythical的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。‎ ‎6．especially　考查副词。年兽会在新年的第一天出现并吞食牲畜、作物，甚至村民，尤其是儿童。根据语境可知此处用副词作状语，表示“尤其”。‎ ‎7．themselves　考查代词。为了保护自己，村民们每年年初都会把食物放在家门口。根据语境可知此处应用反身代词themselves。‎ ‎8．ate　考查时态。人们相信，在吃了他们准备好的食物之后，它就不会再攻击人们了。根据语境及主句的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．of　考查介词。村民们后来明白了，年兽害怕红色。be afraid of ...“害怕……”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎10．to frighten　考查非谓语动词。人们也用鞭炮来吓跑年兽。此处应用动词不定式表示目的。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019·福州八市联考)As teenagers, we should attach great important to reading.Reading can benefit from us teenagers a great deal.Firstly, reading improves our school grades.Secondly, reading helps us expanding our horizons.Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to their own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience.‎ It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of read as much as possible.We teenagers should stay devoted to read what we are interested in.Besides, we should active participate in some activities that are related to reading, what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.‎ 答案：第一句：important→importance 第二句：去掉from 第四句：expanding→expand 第五句：their→our 第六句：a→an 第七句：is→be; of后加to 第八句：read→reading 第九句：active→actively; what→where