2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题从考试说明解读七选五类型试题课件（45张）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题从考试说明解读七选五类型试题课件（45张）

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题 从考试说明解读七选五类型试题 考纲导续 主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握，其考点设置主要包括： 1. 主题句； 2. 过渡句； 3. 推断句。 1 分类例析 2 复习练案 命题规律 题型攻略 解题流程 七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。其特点如下： 1 ．选择基本为 300 词左右的说明文或议论文。 2 ．短文篇章结构常为：提出问题 —— 解决问题。 3 ．七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。 4 ．选项均为完整句子，句型不一。 分 类 例 析 1 ．主题句 (2016 · 全国 Ⅱ ) ● ____ 37 ____ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers ( 肥料 ) ． ____ 38 ____.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years. ● Recall ( 回忆 )your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden.. A ． Know why you garden B ． Find a good place for your own garden C ． It's our experience of the garden that matters D ． It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E ． Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F ． You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G ． For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have [ 解题思路 ] 本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题 “ Recall( 回忆 ) your childhood memories ” 一致，故在 A 项和 B 项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句 “ However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. ” 可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。 尝试解答： ________ A (2017 · 全国 Ⅲ ) ● ____ 37 ____In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. · Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to... A ． Get a sleep specialist. B ． Find the right motivation. C ． A better plan for sleep can help. D ． And consider setting a second alarm. E ． If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F ． Stick to your set bedtime and wake － up time, no matter the day. G ． Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. [ 解题思路 ] 本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题 Reconsider morning 一致，故在 A 、 B 、 F 和 G 之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选 B 。 尝试解答： ________ B 2 ．过渡句 (2013 · 全国 Ⅰ 片段 ) One is the establishment ( 制定 )of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.____ 74 ____ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. E ． The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F ． In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. [ 解题思路 ] 根据上下文所提到的 one 和下文所得到的 the third 可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与 E 项 The second aspect... 吻合。 尝试解答：此题属并列关系，故选 ________ 表示并列关系的词有： first(ly), second(ly) ， ... ； first, then/next ， ...; in the first place, in the second place...; for one thing, for another(thing) ， ...; to begin with, to conclude 等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。 E (2015 · 北京片段 ) First, understand that some opportunities( 机会 ) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.____ 73 ____ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task — preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. A ． Having interesting things to think about also helps. D ． At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. [ 解题思路 ] 选项 A 中的 also helps 与空格前面句子中的 help 相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是 “ 做白日梦 ” 的条件。 尝试解答：此题属递进关系，故选 ________ 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not...but..., not only... but also 等。 A (2014 · 辽宁片段 ) · Protect against UV rays ( 紫外线 ). Long － term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. ____ 37 ____ C ． They can properly protect your eyes. D ． Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. [ 解题思路 ] 空白处前面的句子 “ No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. ” 意为 “ 无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的 ” ，属于总结概括句。选项 C 意为 “ 它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛 ” ，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。 尝试解答：此题属例证关系，故选 ________ 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳 ( 从例子到观点 ) 和演练 ( 从观点到例子 ) 。 C (2013 · 全国 Ⅱ 片段 ) · Get a coach ____ 51 ____ ， so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you. A ． You aren't like anybody else D ． Check the rules about dos and don'ts E ． Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough [ 解题思路 ] 根据 “ so get help ” 可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的 “ ...ready to offer you public speaking training and courses... ” 也可知开头说的与 public speaking 有关。 尝试解答：故选 ________ 表示因果关系的词有： so /therefore, thus, consequently( 结果 ), as a result(of), so/ such...that... ， so that... 等。 E (2016 · 全国 Ⅰ 片段 ) There are three main types of cryptography.____ 37 ____For example, the first letters of “ My elephant eats too many eels ” spell out the hidden message “ Meet me. ” A ． It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B ． In any language, some letters are used more than others. C ． Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D ． As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E ． You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F ． With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G ． Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [ 解题思路 ] 根据 for example 可知，接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。 尝试解答： ________ E (2015 · 全国 Ⅰ 片段 ) ● You didn't lose “ everything ” ． Once trust is lost ， what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle ， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.____ 40 ____ Instead ， it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. E ． They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again. F ． This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G ． Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened. [ 解题思路 ] 根据下一句中的 Instead( 反而 ) 可知此空和下一句形成转折关系， G 项 ( 看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见 ) 与之呼应，并且选项中的 positive 和下一句中的 positive 形成原词复现。 尝试解答：此题属转折关系，故选 ________ G (2016 · 全国 Ⅰ 片段 ) A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.____ 39 ____For example, “ bridge ” might stand for “ meet ” and “ out ” might stand for “ me. ” The message “ bridge out ” would actually mean “ Meet me. ” ____ 40 ____However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. A ． It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B ． In any language, some letters are used more than others. C ． Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D ． As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E ． You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F ． With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G ． Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [ 解题思路 ] 本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。下一句 “ it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long ” 中出现了 also hard ，所以上一句关键词为 hard ；另外 however 表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该是：没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作的。 尝试解答：此题属于转折关系，故选 ________ 表示转折或对比关系的词有： but ， however, yet, while /though, or/ otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless( 然而 ) ， still, yet, in contrast/ comparison 等。 A 3 ．段尾句 (2015 · 北京片段 ) It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “ Mindfulness ” ， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.____ 74 ____ E ． It involves slow, steady breathing for self － control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F ． Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. [ 解题思路 ] (1) 本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。 (2) 本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出 mindfulness 这一概念，并用同位语 being focused 做出解释。 第三步　对比信息句和选项，得出答案 尝试解答： ________ 项中的 it 指代前一句的 mindfulness ，且 attentive 与前文的 concentrate ， being focused ， avoid falling asleep 语义一致。 E (2017 · 洛阳高三二模 ) There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have.Data don't mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.______ A ． Thus we should try our best to be wise thinkers. B ． Data can make our life easier and more comfortable. C ． But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything. D ． Sometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. E ． Now and then the so － called specific data puzzle us very much. F ． The exact data should come from assessment of an actual event. G ． There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. [ 解题思路 ] 本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是 “ 如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义 ” 。所得出的结论就是 “ 因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者 ” ，结合线索词 Thus 可知正确答案。 尝试解答： ________ A (2014 · 北京片段 ) Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ____ 71 ____ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. A ． Make choice that are right for you. G ． The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources. [ 解题思路 ] 本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。 尝试解答：此题属承上启下类，故选 ________ G 4 ．通用技能 除每个题型有自身特殊的解题技巧外，在阅读七选五中还有两种通法，根据考题活用这两种方法能够准确判定答案。 ① 词汇复现法 复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词 / 近义词、反义词复现等。 (2015 · 全国 Ⅰ 片段 ) ● ____ 39 ____If you've been betrayed ， you are the victim of your circumstance.But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “ victim mentality ” ． At some point in all of our lives ， we'll have our trust tested or violated. C ． Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D ． Remember that you can expect the best in return. [ 解题思路 ] 由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项 C 中的关键词语 “ victim ” 与本段主旨相吻合， “ victim ” 一词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项 C 是对本段的概括总结。 尝试解答： ________ ② 代词线索法 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子； they 或 them 指代复数名词； one 指代单数可数名词； that 指代不可数名词或句子； this 指代单数名词或句子； these 或 those 指代前句的复数名词。 C (2016 · 全国 Ⅲ 片段 ) But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult.____ 17 ____This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. A ． Do not buy it. D ． It just requires a little knowledge. [ 解题思路 ] 空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。 D 选项中的代词 “ It ” 指代前面提到的 “ Buying, storing, and cooking fish ” 。 尝试解答： ________ ③ 词汇同现法 词汇同现法是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 D (2015 · 全国 Ⅱ 片段 ) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady ， gradual increases in the length of the runs.____ 36 ____ ， buy the best － fitting ， best － built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet ， so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop... During the first week ， do not think about distance ， but run five minutes longer each day... B ． For a good marathon runner C ． Before you begin your training [ 解题思路 ] 空格前讲到一个观点：马拉松训练需要精心准备，下面的论述必须在 “ 准备 ” 这一范畴内，且下文中出现了 “ During the first week ” 等时间词汇，本题是指开始训练前的准备。 尝试解答：此题属词汇同现，故选 ________ C