2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module同步练习外研版选修8

2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module同步练习外研版选修8

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ leap n．　　　　　　　　 tune v.‎ historic adj. random adj.‎ tension n. authority n.‎ swear v. burst v.‎ latter n. grasp n.‎ glory n. abstract adj.‎ foresee v. destiny n.‎ sympathy n. commitment n.‎ consistent adj. faith n.‎ dignity n. pray v.‎ acute adj. stable adj.‎ dramatic adj. deliberately adv.‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．accustomed__adj.　　　　 习惯的 ‎2．witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 ‎3．decade__ n. 十年 ‎4．sorrow__ n. 悲伤；悲痛 ‎5．view v. 看，观察 n．观点；风景 ‎6．acknowledge v. 承认；认为 ‎7．deed n. 行为 ‎8．defeat n. 失败 ‎9．accuse v. 指责 ‎10．aid n. 帮助 ‎11．broad adj. 丰富的；广泛的 ‎12．impact n．& v. 影响，作用 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．assume v．假定，假设→assuming conj.如果→assumption n．假定，假设 ‎2．patient adj.忍耐的，有耐性的n.病人→patience n．耐心→__patiently adv.‎ 19‎ 耐心地 ‎3．advance v．& n．前进；进展 →advanced adj.高级的，先进的 ‎4．depend v．依靠；取决于→dependent adj.依赖的→dependence n．依赖，依靠→independence n．独立 ‎5．relief n．安慰；宽慰→relieve vt.安慰 ‎6．devote v．献身，致力→devotion n．忠诚→__devoted adj.忠诚的 ‎ ‎7．consult v．咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问 ‎8．observe v．观察→observation n．观察；监视 ‎1.“悲伤”一族 ‎①sorrow n．　　　　 悲伤；悲痛 ‎②sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 ‎③heartbroken adj. 悲伤的 ‎④sadness n. 悲哀 ‎⑤grief n. 悲痛；忧伤 ‎⑥miserable adj. 悲惨的 ‎⑦mournful adj. 悲哀的 ‎2.与“学习”相关的词汇集锦 ‎①grasp vt.　　　 理解；领会 ‎②attend vt. 参加；上学 ‎③concentrate vi. 集中(精力)‎ ‎④review vi. 复习功课 ‎⑤acquire vt. 获得；得到 ‎⑥absorb vt. 吸收；理解 ‎⑦master vt. 精通；掌握 ‎3.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描 ‎①devoted　　　　　　 忠实的 ‎②generous 慷慨的 ‎③mean 吝啬的 ‎④easygoing 随和的 ‎⑤warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎⑥energetic 有活力的 ‎⑦enthusiastic 充满热情的 19‎ ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．in__spite__of　　　　　　　 不管 ‎2．at__the__very__beginning__of 在……一开始的时候 ‎3．a__series__of 一系列的；一连串的 ‎4．accuse__sb.of__doing__sth. 指责/控告某人某事 ‎5．pray__for 祈望；祈求 ‎6．be__similar__to 与……相似的 ‎7．set__in__motion 使某事开始 ‎8．make__it 成功；准时到达 ‎9．set__out 开始做；着手进行；陈述 ‎10．get/be__accustomed__to 习惯于 ‎1.无被动语态短语小结 ‎①break out　　　　　 爆发 ‎②belong to 属于 ‎③consist of 由……组成 ‎④come true 变成现实 ‎⑤take place 发生 ‎⑥date from/back to 追溯到 ‎2.聚焦“对……有影响”短语 ‎①make/have an impact on ‎②have an effect on ‎③have an influence on/upon ‎④impact on/upon ‎ ‎⑤make a difference to ‎3.“不管；不顾”词语一览 ‎①in spite of　　　　 尽管；不管 ‎②despite 尽管；不管 ‎③regardless of 不管；不顾 ‎④no matter 不管，无论 ‎⑤leave alone 不管；不理 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 19‎ 句型1：no＋比较级＋than同……一样不 ‎ The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be__no__more__dangerous__than getting on an aeroplane.　全世界都震惊了——也许人们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。‎ 句型2：as引导让步状语从句 Incredible__as__it__may__seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.　尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．Thinking of the days, when he was looked down upon as a poor peasant, he was in great sorrow(悲伤)．‎ ‎2．Life is a series of choices and we can’t always foresee(预知) the consequences.‎ ‎3．There are many good deeds(行为) in our class, indeed in the whole school.‎ ‎4．It is universally acknowledged(承认) that dogs have a good sense of smell.‎ ‎5．A large number of young people are accustomed(习惯的) to ordering more food on the Internet.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．His assumption(assume) about that human can clone animals has been confirmed in the end.‎ ‎7．The past 30 years has witnessed(witness) the greatest changes in China.‎ ‎8．Her assistant was accused(accuse) of theft and arrested by the police.‎ ‎9．We don’t intend to sign any documents without consulting(consult) our lawyer.‎ ‎10．Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience(patient)．‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·江苏卷)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.影响 ‎2．(2019·浙江卷6月)The Beatles were described as a British invasion by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.入侵 ‎3．(2019·江苏卷)We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.假设 19‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 in spite of; at the very beginning of; make/have an impact on; be similar to; set out; accuse sb. of doing sth.; be accustomed to ‎1．At__the__very__beginning__of last term, Tom 2.was__accustomed__to playing computer games. 3.In__spite__of the fact that his parents 4.accused him of not working hard, he just ignored. However, his teacher showed to him how great 5.an__impact it would have__on him if he continued playing it. With his teacher’s encouragement, he 6.set__out to make up for the lost time.‎ break out; (be) aware of; make it; a series of; result in; pray for Every time a disaster 7.broke__out,__people 8.prayed__for a better world. Actually, human activities in the past years have 9.resulted__in extreme disasters including 10.a__series__of heavy storms, floods and earthquakes. We need to 11.be__aware__of the importance of protecting the environment. Only by doing so can we 12.make__it and live in a better world.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．这两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事和那个故事一样无趣。‎ I like neither of the two stories, for this story is no__more__interesting__than that one. ‎ ‎2．尽管他对报酬感到不满意，但是为了获得一些工作经验他还是接受了这份工作。‎ Unsatisfied__as__he__was with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience.‎ ‎ accustomed　adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.‎ ‎②Not accustomed to staying(stay) up so late at night, she has to work extra hours at daytime.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)I accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.‎ ‎(高级表达)Accustoming__myself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__I always 19‎ ‎ find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎(1)be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.＝be used to (doing) sth.　　　习惯于做某事 ‎(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于 accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人习惯于做某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Once we achieve our goals, we will become accustomed very quickly to our new situation.‎ 一旦我们达成了目标，我们很快就会适应新的形势。‎ ‎ assume　v．假设，假定；认为；承担 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be__assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former. ‎ ‎②(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you’ve made.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎(高级表达)Assuming__(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎(1)assume that...　　　 假定，认为……‎ assume...to be.. 认为……是……；假定……是……‎ ‎(2)assuming (that) 假定……(作状语) ‎ ‎(3)assumption n. 假定；假设　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. ‎ 普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ assume the worst　　　　　 做最坏的假设 assume responsibility 承担责任 ‎ acknowledge　v．承认；认为；告知(收到)；确认；(公开)感谢 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally been__acknowledged(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be 19‎ ‎ Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.‎ b．Generally acknowledged(acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country, he still lives a lowprofile life. ‎ ‎②a.With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the lady’s purse.‎ b．He acknowledged being__defeated(defeat) publicly by his friend in the game, which made us surprised.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③It__is__universally__acknowledged__that(大家公认) we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.‎ ‎(1)acknowledge doing sth.　 　 承认做了某事 acknowledge sth./＋that从句 (承认……)‎ acknowledge sb.as.../to be... 认为……是…… (常用于被动语态)‎ ‎(2)It is widely/universally acknowledged that... 大家公认……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Frequent travelling is widely acknowledged to be/as the easiest way to broaden our mental horizons. ‎ 大家公认，经常旅游是开阔我们视野的最简单的方法。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ acknowledge my error　　　　　　　 承认错误 acknowledge the greeting with a nod 点头回应了问候 ‎ consult　v．咨询；请教；商讨；查阅 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①He often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.‎ ‎②(天津卷)I’m a 34yearold man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant(consult)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级/完成句子 ‎(普通表达)After I consulted with my teacher, I made up my mind to major in English. ‎ ‎③(高级表达)Having__consulted__with__my__teacher,__I made up my mind to major in English.(现在分词短语作状语) ‎ ‎④当你阅读时很频繁的查词典是不好的。‎ It is not good to__consult__a__dictionary too often while you are doing some reading.‎ 19‎ ‎(1)consult with sb.　　　 与某人商量，与某人磋商 consult sb. about sth. 就某事请教/咨询某人 ‎(2)consult a dictionary/one’s notes 查阅字典/笔记 ‎(3)consultant n. 顾问；会诊医生　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.‎ 为了解出那道数学难题，我去向Russell教授咨询过好几次。(陕西卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] 关于“查词典”的表达法：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up a word in a dictionary等。‎ ‎ accuse sb. of sth.　控告/指责某人……‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①The boy made trouble for his teacher because he was accused of destroying property.‎ ‎②For lack of enough evidence, the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。‎ ‎③Accused__of__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court.(accuse)‎ ‎④Charged__with__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court.(charge)‎ ‎(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.＝charge sb. with (doing) sth.　　　指责/控告某人(做)某事 accuse sb. as ... 控告/指责某人为……‎ ‎(2)the accused 被告　 ‎ ‎[名师点津] 与accuse sb. of sth. 意义相近的短语：‎ condemn sb. for (doing) sth.谴责某人……‎ blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人……‎ scold sb. for (doing) sth. 指责某人……‎ as引导让步状语从句 ‎(教材原句)Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.‎ 尽管看起来不可思议，‎ 19‎ 但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Enviable as/though the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.‎ ‎②Although/Though the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.‎ ‎③Child as/though he is, he has a wide range of science knowledge. ‎ ‎ [能力提升]——句式升级 ‎ ‎④(普通表达)Although the night air was hot, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.‎ ‎(高级表达)Hot__as/though__the__night__air__was,__we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(倒装句)(陕西卷)‎ as引导让步状语从句的常见形式：‎ ‎(1)可数名词单数(不加冠词)＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分 ‎(2)副词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分 ‎(3)形容词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分 ‎(4)动词原形＋as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Try as you may, you won’t be able to persuade him.　尽管你想方设法，但你依然不能说服他。‎ ‎[名师点津] though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．In the last three years, you had shared my joys and sorrows(sorrow), making my school life unforgettable.‎ ‎2．(福建卷)It is widely acknowledged(acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.‎ ‎3．—What about the two cars?‎ ‎—This one is no more__expensive(expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil.‎ ‎4．I seem to__have__seen(see) you before, but I can’t remember where I saw 19‎ ‎ you.‎ ‎5．They set out to__solve(solve) the pollution problems as soon as they got to the place where the soil had been polluted.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．Accustomed to playing computer games, a great many teenagers are wasting their precious time.‎ ‎2．Tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make it．‎ ‎3．So hard was the woman’s life, but to__her relief, her only son was admitted to a top university last year.‎ ‎4．Cheap as/though Huawei Mate 20 is, many people refuse to buy it because it’s out of date.‎ ‎5．I don’t want to be accused of tampering(篡改) with the evidence.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．Although the patient was out of patience,__the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently．(patient)‎ ‎2．At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband. After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)‎ ‎3．Mr. Black is my devoted friend. He devotes his life to doing scientific research. I respect his devotion to science.(devote)‎ ‎4．It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption．(assume)‎ ‎5．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance．(advance) ‎ 维度四　完成句子/句型转换 ‎1．我还是要谢谢你。我自己能行。(make)‎ Thank you all the same. I can make__it__myself．‎ ‎2．大家普遍认为你是一位优秀的学生。(acknowledge)‎ It__is__universally/widely__acknowledged__that you are an excellent student.‎ ‎3．He referred to his notebook repeatedly during his speech.‎ ‎→He consulted__his__notebook repeatedly during his speech.‎ ‎4．Though he ran slowly, I couldn’t catch up with him.‎ ‎→Slowly__as/though__he__ran,__I couldn’t catch up with him.‎ 19‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ In China, people have become accustomed to 1.buying(buy) these products to lose weight. 2.Assuming(assume) that they would become slim after taking some 3.advanced(advance) medicine, they have devoted lots of money to it. Hard 4.as/though they tried, they still couldn’t make 5.it. They are aware of being cheated gradually. So such companies were 6.accused(accuse) of using misleading advertisements in their promotion of the weightloss pills. We should set in motion to solve such bad behaviour. 7.In spite of some measures taken to settle the problem, some things remain 8.to__be__solved(solve). But we need 9.patience(patient) because achieving this needs a process. To our 10.relief(relieve), people have raised the awareness of protecting their own rights.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，打算写一篇短文介绍人类对火星的探测情况，写作要点如下：①对火星了解甚少，但已开始探测，30多个探测器已到达火星；②火星表面与地球表面相似，但是否有生命仍待研究。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①太空科技在过去的十年中见证了一系列历史性的成功。‎ Space technology has__witnessed__a__series__of__historical__successes in the last decade.‎ ‎②虽然我们对火星所知甚少，但是人类已开始探测火星。‎ Though we know little about Mars, man has__set__out__to__explore Mars.‎ ‎③到目前为止，已有30多个探测器成功到达火星。‎ So far, more than 30 probes have__made__it__to__Mars．‎ ‎④尽管如此，人们公认我们应该知道更多关于火星的知识。(名词性从句)‎ In__spite__of that, it__is__acknowledged__that we ought to know more about Mars.‎ ‎⑤虽然火星表面与地球的表面相似，但是火星上是否有生命取决于进一步的研究。(名词性从句)‎ Though its surface is__similar__to__that of the earth, whether__there__is__life__on__Mars__depends__on further research.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑥用倒装句升级句②‎ 19‎ Little__though__we__know__about__Mars,__man__has__set__out__to__explore__Mars.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Space technology has witnessed a series of historical successes in the last decade. Little though we know about Mars, man has set out to explore Mars.‎ So far, more than 30 probes have made it to Mars. In spite of that, it is acknowledged that we ought to know more about Mars. Though its surface is similar to that of the earth, whether there is life on Mars depends on further research.‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·大连一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.‎ Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.‎ She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.‎ ‎“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”‎ ‎“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.‎ 19‎ Dobek’s design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or SelfGrowing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.‎ Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulator(模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.‎ ‎“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。‎ ‎1．Dobek first became interested in space when ________．‎ A．she was still a seventh grader B．she studied at a junior high school C．she lived on the top of their house D．she watched an eclipse of the moon D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。‎ ‎2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________．‎ A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life B．she had no other students interested in Mars C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。‎ ‎3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?‎ A．The environment on Mars.‎ B．The safety of the supplies.‎ C．The activities for astronauts.‎ D．The comfort of the astronauts.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，‎ 19‎ 让宇航员在太空中也能感到舒适。‎ B ‎(2020·兰州高三诊断)A new chapter opened in mankind’s exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moon’s far side reached its destination after a 26day journey. The Chang’e 4 lunar probe, representing China’s latest step in lunar investigation, landed at 10：26 am at the Von Kármán crater and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probe’s lander(着陆器), marking the world’s first images taken on the surface of the far side.‎ One of the photos, published by the China National Space Administration, shows the place where Chang’e 4’s rover, which was named Yutu 2 on Thursday night, will be heading to explore and survey. Thus began the first long journey to the side of the moon that faces away from the Earth. It is meant to fulfill scientists’ longheld desire to closely observe the lesser known region.‎ Tidal(潮汐的)forces on Earth slow the moon’s rotation to the point that the same side always faces Earth. The other side, most of which is never visible from Earth, is the far side of the moon. While it has been photographed by spacecraft, starting with a Soviet probe in 1959, no probe had ever made a soft landing there, so scientists had not been able to conduct surfacelevel observations and surveys of the region.‎ Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s lunar program, said in Beijing on Thursday that the landing “was perfect”. He called the event “an important milestone for China’s space exploration”， adding that it has made a good start for future lunar exploration efforts.‎ With its investigation of the far side, particularly the Von Kármán crater, the Chang’e 4 mission will enable scientists to find out what they haven’t known about the moon and deepen their knowledge of its early history and of the solar system.‎ ‎【解题导语】　嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，同时也为人类了解月球的背面提供了信息。‎ ‎4．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The basic data of the Chang’e 4 lunar probe.‎ B．The Chang’e 4’s worldfirst landing on the moon’s far side.‎ C．The Chang’e 4’s 26day visit to the far side of the moon.‎ D．The description of the photos taken on the surface of the moon’s far 19‎ ‎ side.‎ B　解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第一句“A new chapter opened in mankind’s exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moon’s far side reached its destination after a 26day journey.”可知，本段主要介绍了嫦娥四号实现了人类首次在月球背面着陆。故选B。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?‎ A．The lander.‎ B．The rover.‎ C．The far side of the moon.‎ D．The Chang’e 4 lunar probe.‎ C　解析：代词指代题。根据第三段的第二句“The other side, most of which is never visible from Earth, is the far side of the moon.”以及画线词所在句中的“While it has been photographed by spacecraft”可知，it在这里指代“the far side of the moon”，故选C。‎ ‎6．What can we infer from this text?‎ A．It is only on the moon that people can explore the deep space.‎ B．The scientific information obtained by Chang’e 4 will be new to the world.‎ C．It is the first time for people to see the pictures of the far side of the moon.‎ D．Chinese space technology is more advanced than that of any other country’s.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“marking the world’s first images taken on the surface of the far side”可知，嫦娥四号月球探测器发回的照片是世界上首次在月球背面拍摄的，由此可推知，B项正确。‎ ‎7．In which section of a website can we probably read this text?‎ A．Tourism.‎ B．Health Care.‎ C．Science and Technology.‎ D．Art and Entertainment.‎ C　解析：文章出处题。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首次在月球背面着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，由此可推知，本文可能出自一个网站的科技版面。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·长沙统一模拟)Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy, looking more like 19‎ ‎ a teenager than a 12yearold. Yet, he went unnoticed—he had been __1__ every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma appeared.‎ In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was __2__for basic skills.‎ ‎“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the__3__， “except for one boy. And it __4__ my heart to tell you this, but...” she __5__， “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve __6__ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.‎ After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma __7__ punished him, he remained __8__．‎ ‎“Steve, please! I care about you！”‎ ‎__9__， Steve got it！“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”‎ One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a __10__ on the weekend homework. Steve __11__ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of __12__， Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.‎ Miss Wilma’s face was in a __13__ shock! She glanced up at Steve, then __14__， then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!‎ From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand __15__， but he could translate what he learned into his life. He became __16__．‎ After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n) __17__ military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have __18__ themselves without him.‎ A __19__ took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher, who __20__．‎ ‎【解题导语】　Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，并且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。‎ ‎1．A.missing　　　　　　　　 B．failing C．passing D．skipping B　解析：根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差。故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。‎ 19‎ ‎2．A.tested B．classified C．separated D．dismissed A　解析：根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.questions B．effects C．lessons D．results D　解析：根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。‎ ‎4．A.fills B．presses C．breaks D．destroys C　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break “使心碎”。‎ ‎5．A.shouted B．hesitated C．interrupted D．laughed B　解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表示她犹豫(hesitated)了一下继续说道。‎ ‎6．A.dropped B．raised C．covered D．closed A　解析：根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop one’s eyes“垂下眼睛”。‎ ‎7．A.strangely B．steadily C．severely D．secretly C　解析：根据上文“After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework.”并结合语境可推知，虽然Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执(stubborn)。‎ ‎8．A.helpless B．stubborn C．flexible D．crazy B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.Commonly B．Unwillingly C．Particularly D．Suddenly D　解析：根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。suddenly“突然”符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.quiz B．chance C．speech D．presentation 19‎ A　解析：根据下文“Steve ______ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.”可知，该处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。‎ ‎11．A.slept B．looked C．lived D．hurried D　解析：根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.disappointment B．surprise C．satisfaction D．inspiration B　解析：根据下文“Miss Wilma’s face was in a ______ shock！”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。‎ ‎13．A.bitter B．total C．precious D．ridiculous B　解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配。‎ ‎14．A.down B．away C．out D．back A　解析：根据该句“She glanced up at Steve, then ______， then up.”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.homework B．grades C．knowledge D．subjects C　解析：根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。‎ ‎16．A.outstanding B．lazy C．rough D．troublesome A　解析：根据上文内容可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。‎ ‎17．A.tiring B．ordinary C．hardworking D．successful D　解析：根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，而且在军队中很成功。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。‎ ‎18．A.relied on B．looked after C．turned to D．believed in 19‎ D　解析：根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果没有他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in)自己。‎ ‎19．A.competition B．choice C．change D．campaign C　解析：根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心(cared)下，发生了改变(change)。‎ ‎20．A.waited B．listened C．wished D．cared D　解析：参见上题解析。与上文中的“I care about you！”呼应。‎ 19‎