2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes学案

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes学案

‎【题目优选】‎ 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom来信询问四川九寨沟地震的情况，并表达了要去灾区当志愿者的愿望。请你给他回信，主要内容包括：‎ ‎1．多座建筑物被毁，多处道路被阻，大量人员被困在废墟中，24人遇难，500多人受伤；‎ ‎2．当地政府积极组织救援，政府要求务必以最有效的方法发放慰问金并进行灾后重建；‎ ‎3．委婉阻止Tom去灾区当志愿者，同时说明理由。‎ 参考词汇：慰问金consolation money 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．信的开头和结尾已给出。‎ Dear Tom，‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎【经典范文】‎ Dear_Tom，‎ Thank you very much for your concern over the earthquake in Jiuzhaigou County‎, ‎Sichuan Province. Now I'm writing to tell you something about it.‎ As far as I know, many buildings fell down and were destroyed, the ways to the county were blocked and lots of people were trapped under ‎ the ruins in the earthquake. Besides, 24 people were killed, and more than 500 people were injured. The local government actively organized the rescue and demanded to give out consolation money in the most effective way and rebuild their homes.‎ I know you are eager to help the people in need there. But in my opinion, you don't need to go there in person, because it will be hard for you to communicate with people there. After all, you speak a different language. Anyway, thank you.‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ Li_Hua ‎【名师点拨】‎ 本文结构严谨，表述清楚明了。短语as far as I know, fall down, give out等的运用，显示出作者扎实的词汇功底，且高级句式You are eager to help ... 和it will be hard for you to communicate with people there的运用，又彰显出了作者熟练驾驭语言的能力。‎ ‎1．核心单词 ‎(1)burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发→burst (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎(2)ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.‎) 毁灭；使破产 ‎(3)injure (vt.‎) 损害；伤害→injury (n.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的 ‎(4)destroy (vt.‎) 破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁 ‎(5)shock (vt. &vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的→shocked (adj.) 震惊的 ‎(6)rescue (n. &vt.‎) 援救；营救 ‎(7)trap (vt.‎) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境→trapped (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎(8)bury (vt.‎) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏→buried (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎(9)frighten (vt.‎) 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened (adj.) 受惊 的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的 ‎(10)congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.‎) 祝贺 ‎(11)judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.‎) 断定；判断；判决→judgement (n.) 判断力；识别力 ‎(12)express (vt.‎) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递→expression (n.) 表达；表情 ‎2．阅读单词 ‎(1)nation (n.) 民族；国家；国民 ‎(2)suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦 ‎(3)extreme (adj.) 极度的 ‎(4)useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的 ‎(5)electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学 ‎(6)disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸 ‎(7)shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎(8)damage (n. &vt.‎) 损失；损害 ‎(9)sincerely (adv.) 真诚地；真挚地 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Larry told her that she should not move in case she ________ (injure) her neck.‎ 答案：injured ‎2．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ________ (ruin)．‎ 答案：ruins ‎3．A sudden stop can be a very ________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ 答案：frightening ‎4．Water had gone into the radio, and it was completely ________ (use)．‎ 答案：useless ‎5．The art world gave me a chance ________ (express) myself without words.‎ 答案：to express ‎6．Natalie's school was so ________ (damage) that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ 答案：damaged ‎7．I ________ (sincere) hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.‎ 答案：sincerely ‎8．His shoes are so ________ (dirt) that he must brush them.‎ 答案：dirty ‎9．I've known him for years and I trust his ________ (judge)．‎ 答案：judgement ‎10．It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene ________ (rescue) the survivors of the plane crash.‎ 答案：to rescue 联想积累 ‎1．“自然灾害”单词荟萃 ‎①disaster n. 灾难；不幸 ‎②earthquake n. 地震 ‎③drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ‎④flood n. 洪水；水灾 ‎⑤eruption n. (火山)喷发 ‎⑥hurricane n. 飓风 ‎⑦tsunami n. 海啸 ‎2．“A→A→A”式不规则变化动词 ‎①burst—burst—burst 爆发 ‎②cast—cast—cast 投；抛 ‎③cost—cost—cost 值；花费 ‎④cut—cut—cut 割 ‎⑤hit—hit—hit 打中 ‎⑥hurt—hurt—hurt 损伤 ‎⑦let—let—let 让 ‎⑧put—put—put 放；放下 ‎⑨read—read—read 读；阅读 ‎⑩rid—rid—rid 去掉 ‎⑪set—set—set 安放 ‎⑫shut—shut—shut 关闭 ‎⑬split—split—split 分裂 ‎⑭spread—spread—spread 展开；传播 ‎3．“adj. ＋ity＝n.”荟萃 ‎①electricity 电 ‎②popularity 受欢迎；流行 ‎③reality 现实 ‎④similarity 相似点 ‎⑤security 安全 ‎⑥equality 平等 ‎⑦nationality 国籍 ‎⑧personality 个性 ‎⑨activity 活动 ‎⑩majority 大多数 ‎1．dig_out掘出；发现 ‎2．judging_from/by从……判断 ‎3．right_away立刻；马上 ‎4．think_little_of轻视；认为……没什么了不起 ‎5．a_(great)_number_of许多；大量的 ‎6．as_if仿佛；好像 ‎7．be proud of 以……为自豪 ‎8．at an end 结束；终结 ‎9．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎10．be trapped in 陷入 ‎11．be buried in 埋头于 ‎12．burst out 爆发 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用所给短语的适当形式填空 right away， judging from， burst out， a great number of， at an end， as if ‎1．I felt a little dizzy, ________ I had just woken from a long sleep.‎ 答案：as if ‎2．________ what you say in your letter, you don't get along well with your classmates.‎ 答案：Judging from ‎3．The poor woman ________ crying at the news.‎ 答案：burst out ‎4．It's reported that ________ people were rescued from under the ruins.‎ 答案：a great number of ‎5．He rose to indicate that the conversation was ________ .‎ 答案：at an end ‎6．You don't look well. You'd better go and see a doctor ________ .‎ 答案：right away 联想积累 ‎1．“in＋n.”短语大荟萃 ‎①in turn 依次；轮流；相应地 ‎②in total 总计 ‎③in time 及时；适时 ‎④in place 在合适的位置；准备就绪 ‎⑤in danger 在危险中 ‎⑥in trouble/difficulty 处于困境中 ‎⑦in sight 看得见；在视线之内 ‎⑧in order 秩序井然；整齐 ‎⑨in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎⑩in return 作为报答；回报 ‎⑪in need 急需；缺乏 ‎⑫in public 公开地 ‎2．表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃 ‎①right away ‎②at once ‎③immediately ‎④right now ‎⑤in no time ‎⑥instantly ‎3．“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达 ‎①be lost in ‎②be occupied in ‎③be devoted to ‎④be buried in ‎⑤be absorbed in ‎⑥apply oneself to ‎1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.‎ 在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ ‎2．Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.‎ 人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被毁了。‎ ‎【句式仿写】‎ ‎1．If you admit that life is full of beauty, be never ____________________ (太忙碌不能享受) the wonder of life.‎ 答案：too busy to enjoy ‎2．The dog followed him ______________________ (无论在哪里) the old man went.‎ 答案：everywhere/wherever/no matter where 联想积累 too ... to ... 结构 ‎①too ... to ... “太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。‎ ‎②only/just/but too ... to ... “非常……去做……”‎ too前的 only/just/but 不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。‎ ‎③too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义，意为“很，非常”。‎ ‎④too ... to ... 中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。‎ can't be too＋adj./can't be＋adj.＋enough ... “越……越好；再……也不为过”。‎ ‎[单词点津]‎ burst　vi. 爆裂；爆发　n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎[教材原句]In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.‎ 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。‎ ‎(1)burst in 突然闯进；突然出现 burst into ... 闯入……；突然开始 burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来 ‎(2)a burst of 一阵……‎ a burst of laughter 一阵大笑 ‎【特别提醒】‎ burst into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思，但burst into后面接名词，burst out后面接动名词。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①You're about to ________________________ at some moment and you don't even know why.‎ 在某个时候，你总有种想哭的冲动，却不知道为什么。‎ ‎②Suddenly the door opened and a group of children ________________ .‎ 突然门开了，一群孩子闯了进来。‎ ‎③We were standing there when we saw ______________________ at the end of the road.‎ 我们正站在那儿，这时我们看见马路尽头火光冲天。‎ 答案：①burst into tears/burst out crying　②burst in ‎③a burst of flames ruin　n. 废墟；毁灭　vt. 毁灭；使破产 ‎[教材原句]In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.‎ 在可怕的十五秒钟之内，一座大城市变成了废墟。‎ ‎(1)in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 bring ... to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落 fall in/into ruin 成为废墟 ‎(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been ____________ .‎ 自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废墟一片。‎ ‎②It rained for two weeks, which completely ______________________ .‎ 一连下了两周雨，彻底毁了我们的假期。‎ ‎③Wasting time doing nothing is ________________ .‎ 什么事也不做，会毁掉你自己。‎ 答案：①in ruins　②ruined our holiday　③to ruin yourself injure　vt. 损害；伤害；损坏(名誉)；伤害(感情)‎ ‎[教材原句]Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.‎ ‎2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。‎ ‎(1)be/get injured 受伤 ‎(2)injured adj. 受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 伤者；伤员(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)‎ ‎(3)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①You'll enjoy running much more if you don't ________________ .‎ 如果不受伤你将会更好地享受跑步。‎ ‎②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed ________________ to the hospital.‎ 在十字路口发生了可怕的事故，救护车把伤者火速送到医院。‎ ‎③Be careful lifting that heavy box—you'll do ______________________ .‎ 抬那个重箱子要小心——你会弄伤自己的。‎ 答案：①get injured　②the injured　③yourself an injury shock　vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动　n．休克；打击；震惊 ‎[教材原句]Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.‎ 井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。‎ ‎(1)in shock 吃惊地；震惊地 ‎(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)吃惊的；震惊的 be shocked by 让……震惊/打击 ‎(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人难以置信的；惊人的 ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①When I told them the whole thing, they were all ________ shock, and they couldn't believe it.‎ ‎②She was taken to hospital, apparently ________ (shock)．‎ ‎③The reason for this ________ (shock) attack seemed to be racial hatred.‎ 答案：①in　②shocked　③shocking judge　n. 法官；裁判员　vt. 判断；断定；判决 ‎[教材原句]Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.‎ 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。‎ ‎(1)judging from/by ... 根据……来判断 ‎(2)judge sb./sth. from/by ... 以……来判断某人/某物 judge sb./sth. (to be) ... 判定某人/某物为……‎ ‎(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力 ‎【特别提醒】‎ judging from/by ... 置于句首作状语。v. ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking “一般 来说”，frankly speaking “坦白地说”，considering ... “考虑到……”。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Never judge a book ________ its cover.‎ ‎②________ (judge) from his breathing, he probably had a few broken ribs as well.‎ ‎③It was due to luck rather than ________ (judge) that the driver succeeded in avoiding the accident.‎ 答案：①by　②Judging　③judgement ‎[短语点拨]‎ at an end 结束；终结 ‎[教材原句]It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 好像世界末日到了！‎ ‎(1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 ‎(2)‎ ‎　使……结束 come to an end 完成；结束 ‎(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎(4)end up with 以……结束 end up doing sth.以……而告终 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①The meeting was nearly __________________ when I got to the meeting room.‎ 当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。‎ ‎②I love how people can seem so different, but ‎ __________________ so similar.‎ 我喜欢人们看起来是多么不同，但最终却是如此相似。‎ ‎③Go straight and you'll find the hospital ______________________ .‎ 一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到那家医院。‎ ‎④Our discussion ____________________ because of her sudden arrival.‎ 她的突然到来终止了我们的讨论。‎ 答案：①at an end　②end up being　③at the end of the road　④came to an end a (great) number of 许多；大量的 ‎[教材原句]Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.‎ 那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。‎ ‎(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语动词 ＋不可数名词 ＋ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners ________ (learn) Chinese as a second language.‎ ‎②A great deal of money ________ (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.‎ ‎③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil ________ (wash) away.‎ 答案：①are learning　②was donated　③are being washed ‎(2)单句改错 The number of rich people have admitted that despite their success, they aren't happy.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：The→A ‎[句型与语法]‎ ‎[教材原句]It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 世界似乎到了末日！‎ ‎(1)It seems/seemed as if ... 看样子好像……‎ ‎①It＋seems/seemed (＋to sb.)＋that ... (对某人来说)好像……；似乎……‎ ‎②seem (to be) ＋adj./现在分词/过去分词/介词短语　好像……‎ ‎③seem to do/be doing/have done 好像要做/在做/已经做了……‎ ‎④There seems/seemed to be ... 好像有……‎ ‎(2)此处as if引导表语从句。‎ ‎(3)as if也可以引导状语从句。如果as if引导的从句表示是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。‎ ‎(4)当从句中说话人所陈述的是不真实的或者极少可能发生或者存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词的形式如下表：‎ 与现在事实相反 从句时态用一般过去时(be动词常用were)‎ 与过去事实相反 从句时态用过去完成时 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①When a chopstick is partly in water, it seems as if it ________ ‎ ‎ (be) broken.‎ ‎②I don't feel myself today. I seem ________ (catch) a cold.‎ 答案：①were　②to have caught ‎(2)完成句子 ‎____________________ something is wrong with the telephone.‎ 看来这电话有点毛病。‎ 答案：It seems as if ‎[教材原句]All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ all ... not＝not all ... 部分否定，也称半否定。‎ 具有总括意义的代词(each, everybody, everything, all, both等)、形容词(complete, whole等)和副词(completely, always, wholly, altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no, none, never, nobody, neither, nothing, no more, no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①________ the efforts will be harvested, but all the harvest must be paid.‎ 不是所有的付出都会有所收获，但所有的收获都必须有付出。‎ ‎②He told me all pieces of the news, but ________ was very exciting.‎ 他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一条激动人心的。‎ 答案：①Not all　②none ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①I love running, but no everybody is born to be a runner.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with something.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①no→not　②something→everything ‎[教材原句]You speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.‎ 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。‎ ‎(1)这是一个含有两个从句的复合句，all of whom引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中whom指代five judges；而agreed后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句。在定语从句中，‎ ‎(2)在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。‎ 关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。‎ 关系代词的基本用法：‎ 指代对象 指代人 指代物 使用情况 主语 who, that which, that 从句中缺少主语 宾语 whom, that which, that 从句中缺少宾语 定语 whose whose 先行词与空后的名词有所属关系 ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①About 100 people attended the meeting, most of ________ I was not familiar with.‎ ‎②All the presents ________ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.‎ ‎③He was late for the opening ceremony, ________ was very surprising to me.‎ ‎④Lu Xun, ________ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote many political novels and essays.‎ 答案：①whom　②that　③which　④whose A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in __1__thousands of people died and many were injured. Many houses fell down and sand __2__(fill) the wells instead of water. People were __3__(great) shocked. All the electricity in the city was cut __4__and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The whole city was completely __5__ (destroy) and it seemed as if the world was at an __6__ . The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent __7__(help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those who __8__(trap). They also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. __9__(slow), the city began to come back to life. __10__ was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of them.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 答案：1.which　2.filled　3.greatly　4.off　5.destroyed ‎6．end　7.to help　8.were trapped　9.Slowly　10.It