【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers单元学案设计（143页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers单元学案设计（143页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers单元学案设计 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)硬件和软件 ‎1．monitor n．　　　　　　　　　 监视器；显示屏 ‎2．mouse (pl. mice) n. (计算机)鼠标 ‎3．tablet personal computer 平板电脑 ‎4．portable computer 便携式电脑 ‎5．hardware n. 硬件 ‎6．software n. 软件 ‎7．printer n. 打印机 ‎8．system n. 系统；体系 ‎9．data n. 数据；资料 ‎10．database n. 数据库 ‎(二)网络和操作 ‎1．network n. 网络 ‎2．website n. 网址 ‎3．cyberspace n. 网络空间 ‎4．convenient adj. 便利的；方便的 ‎5．instant adj. 立即的；立刻的 ‎6．calculate vt. 计算；核算；推测 ‎7．worldwide adj. 遍及全球的；世界范围的 ‎8．download n．& vt. 下载 ‎9．insert vt. 插入 ‎10．delete vt. 删除 ‎11．blog n. 博客 vi. 写博客 ‎12．WeChat n. 微信 ‎13．digital adj. 数字的 ‎14．surf the Internet 上网冲浪 ‎15．have access to/be accessible to 使用；接近 ‎16．IT＝information technology 信息技术 ‎17．search engine 搜索引擎 ‎18．distract one's attention 分散某人的注意力 ‎19．have a negative effect 有负面影响 ‎20．electronic books 电子读物 ‎21．text message 手机短信 ‎22．virtual net 虚拟网 ‎23．highspeed broadband networks 高速宽带互联网 ‎24．with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及 ‎1．laser n．　　　　　　　　　　 激光 ‎2．magnet n. 磁铁；磁体 ‎3．coil n. 线圈 v. 卷；盘绕 ‎4．radiation n. 放射物；辐射 ‎5．auxiliary adj. 辅助的；备用的 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．I am convinced that human is able to use the Internet properly and scientifically.‎ 我相信，人类能够正确地、科学地使用互联网。‎ ‎2．I believe I can use the Internet very well as long as I know how to control myself.‎ 我相信只要我知道如何控制自己，我就能很好地使用互联网。‎ ‎3．Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them on the screen.‎ 使用iPad，我们可以听音乐，下载许多学习资料并在屏幕上阅读。‎ ‎4．With the development of the Internet, many individuals favour online shopping because it is more convenient and can save time.‎ 随着互联网的发展，很多人喜欢网上购物，因为它更方便而且能节省时间。‎ ‎5．However, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn't be separated from our loved ones.‎ 然而，无论网络对我们的吸引力有多大，我们都不应该与我们所爱的人分开。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．My grandmother can't even know how to use a mouse (鼠标), let alone surf the Internet.‎ ‎2．At his suggestion, I bought the more expensive printer (打印机)．‎ ‎3．We were having a computer class when the computer system (系统) broke down.‎ ‎4．There is something wrong with my computer monitor (显示屏). I need to buy a new one. ‎ ‎5．The data (数据) stored in a computer can be protected.‎ ‎6．A large number of reading materials can be downloaded (下载) for free on the Internet. ‎ ‎7．Can you tell me the website (网址) of his company?‎ ‎8．They insisted that all posts should be deleted (删除) as soon as possible.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 software， instant， convenient， worldwide， have access to， text message， have a negative effect， with the popularity of the Internet ‎ ‎1．I live just by the market, and it's very convenient to go shopping.‎ ‎2．The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.‎ ‎3．A computer system is composed of software and hardware according to its working mode.‎ ‎4．It's obvious that being lost in playing computer games has_a_negative_effect on his study.‎ ‎5．This account gives you instant access to your money.‎ ‎6．It's true that only a few people have_access_to the full facts of the case.‎ ‎7．She has sent text_messages to her family telling them not to worry.‎ ‎8．With_the_popularity_of_the_Internet,_more and more people enjoy online shopping at home instead of going to supermarkets.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．使用搜索引擎，你可以很方便地找到你所需要的任何信息。‎ Using_a_search_engine,_you can conveniently find any information that you need. ‎ ‎2．随着高速宽带互联网的发展，网速将会越来越快。‎ With_the_development_of highspeed broadband networks, the Internet speed will become faster and faster.‎ ‎3．无论电子读物多么普及，也不可能完全取代纸质读物。‎ However/No_matter_how_popular_electronic_books_are,_it's impossible for them to replace paper books completely.‎ ‎■子话题(二)　太空及前沿科技 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)太空科技 ‎1．astronaut n．　　　　　　　　　 宇航员 ‎2．astronomer n. 天文学家 ‎3．telescope n. 望远镜 ‎4．universe n. 宇宙 ‎5．rocket n. 火箭 ‎6．globe n. 地球仪；地球 ‎7．gravity n. 重力；地球引力 ‎8．orbit n. (天体等的)运行轨道 ‎ ‎9．atmosphere n. 大气层；大气 ‎10．astronomy n. 天文学 ‎11．weather satellite n. 气象卫星 ‎12．explore space 探索太空 ‎13．space shuttle 航天飞机 ‎14．space station 太空站；空间站 ‎15．solar system 太阳系 ‎16．the outer space 外太空 ‎17．return to the earth 返回地球 ‎18．carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验 ‎19．manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船 ‎20．launch/send up a satellite 发射卫星 ‎21．circle the moon 绕月 ‎(二)前沿科技 ‎1．biotechnology n. 生物科技 ‎2．transplant n．& vt. 移植 ‎3．clone vt.& vi. 克隆 ‎4．technological innovation 科技创新 ‎5．new frontier 新领域 ‎6．digital technology 数字技术 ‎7．artificial intelligence 人工智能 ‎8．GMF＝genetically modified food 转基因食品 ‎9．household robot 家用机器人 ‎10．intelligent terminal 智能终端 ‎1．vacuum n．　　　　　　　　　 真空；空白 ‎2．device n. 装置；设备 ‎3．appliance n. 器具；器械 ‎4．marvelous adj. 奇迹般的；惊人的 ‎5．terminal adj. 末端的 n. 终点站；终端 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.‎ 事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。‎ ‎2．It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.‎ 毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。‎ ‎3．In the last decades, it is advances in medical technology that have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.‎ 在过去的几十年间，是医疗技术的进步使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。‎ ‎4．Forget weeks to find a builder and months for house construction, a machine developed in the United States can build a 232m sq home layer by layer in a single day.‎ 我们不需要再花几周的时间找建筑商或者花数月的时间为房屋施工了。美国研发的一种机器可以在一天之内一层层地建造出232平方米的房子。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．We export our goods all over the globe (地球)．‎ ‎2．A report says that a new rocket (火箭) has been developed successfully in China.‎ ‎3．Early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the universe (宇宙)．‎ ‎4．Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity (重力), which brings them down to the earth.‎ ‎5．Industrial wastes are poisoning the atmosphere (大气) of the earth.‎ ‎6．The doctors will transplant (移植) a human heart into the patient.‎ ‎7．The idea of cloning (克隆) extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.‎ ‎8．With the aid of a telescope (望远镜) a ship could be made out on the horizon. ‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．The astronauts were busy carrying_out_scientific_experiments (开展科学实验) shortly after they were sent into space.‎ ‎2．Why do scientists think something could be hidden beyond the edge of our solar_system (太阳系)?‎ ‎3．The new book is about how Shenzhou Ⅺ manned_spaceship/spacecraft (载人飞船) was sent up into space.‎ ‎4．This type of rocket is able to return_to_the_earth (返回地球) and land on its legs.‎ ‎5．“We choose to explore_space (探索太空)，” he said, “because doing so improves our lives and lifts our national spirit.”‎ ‎6．The rapid development of digital_technology (数字技术) and the popularity of the Internet have brought great convenience to people's work and life.‎ ‎7．It is reported that another weather_satellite (气象卫星) will be sent up into space.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．There is no doubt that the dream of ordinary people having access to space travel is sure to come true.‎ ‎→It_goes_without_saying_that the dream of ordinary people having access to space travel is sure to come true.‎ ‎2．The industrial robots are so useful that they can work in many fields instead of human beings.‎ ‎→So useful_are_the_industrial_robots_that they can work in many fields instead of human beings.‎ ‎3．A communication satellite was launched yesterday.(强调句)‎ ‎→It_was_a_communication_satellite_that was sent up yesterday.‎ Topic 1　Computers (Book 2·Unit 3)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] WHO AM I?‎ Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. I developed very slowly and was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However, this reality also worried my designers. I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.‎ These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result I totally changed my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed ‎ And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! But I was always so lonely gave me a family connected by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. I have become very important in communication, finance and trade. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!‎ ‎❶It takes＋时间段＋before ...“过了多久才……”‎ ‎❷how引导宾语从句；“to solve ...problem”为不定式短语作目的状语 ‎❸as引导时间状语从句 ‎❹so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；“like an elephant”作方式状语；“I have been told”为anything的定语从句 ‎❺“standing there by myself”为现在分词短语作伴随状语；until引导时间状语从句；“connected by a network”为过去分词短语作定语 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．analytical adj.　　　　　　 分析的 ‎2．logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 ‎3．artificial adj. 人造的；假的 ‎4．supporting adj. 支持的；支撑的 ‎5．android n. 机器人 ‎6．spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．solve vt. 解决；解答 ‎2．anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此 ‎3．reality n. 真实；事实；现实 ‎4．signal vi.& vt. 发信号 n. 信号 ‎5．arise vi. 出现；发生 ‎6．character n. 性格；特点 ‎7．calculate vt. 计算 ‎8．simplify vt. 简化 ‎9．goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 ‎10．type n. 类型 vt.& vi. 打字 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．operator n．(电脑) 操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营→operation n．操作；经营；手术；业务 ‎2．intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的 ‎3．total adj.总的；整个的 n．总数；合计 vt.共计；总计；把……加起来→totally adv.完全地；整个地 ‎4．personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；魅力 ‎5．application n．应用；用途；申请→apply vt.应用 vi.申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者 ‎6．finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的 ‎7．explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→‎ exploration n．探索 ‎8．appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear vi.出现 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1. —Can you say that dolphins are much more intelligent than other animals?‎ ‎ —Well, they are animals of high intelligence and they can communicate.(intelligent)‎ ‎2．After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion. Personally speaking, I agreed with what she said.(personal)‎ ‎3．All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday. (apply)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．from_...on 从……时起 ‎2．as_a_result 结果 ‎3．in_a_way 在某种程度上 ‎4．with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下 ‎5．deal_with 处理；安排；对付 ‎6．watch_over 看守；监视 ‎7．make_up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成 ‎8．after_all 毕竟；终究 ‎9．have_...in_common 有……共同之处 ‎10．in_one's_opinion 某人认为 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．In order to make sure that his children were safe while playing on the beach, he kept watching_over them all the time.‎ ‎2. —How about his speech at the meeting?‎ ‎ —What he said was reasonable in_a_way.‎ ‎3．Now the poor children can go to school with_the_help_of Project ‎ Hope.‎ ‎4．He has been ill for a long time; as_a_result,_his heart is slightly damaged.‎ ‎5．I'm going to deliver a speech about how to deal_with troubles.‎ ‎6．Though they are twins, they have nothing in_common.‎ ‎7．When I am back to school from sick leave, I will make_up for the missing lessons.‎ ‎8．You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; after_all,_he is over seventy.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎[解读]　before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　用了接近两个月的时间之后，我妈妈才学会操作电脑。‎ It took nearly two months before_my_mother_learned_to_be_able_to_operate_computers.‎ ‎2．As time went by, I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。‎ ‎[解读]　as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。‎ ‎[仿写]　随着技术的发展和生活水平的提高，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。‎ As_technology_develops_and_life_improves,_the Internet has entered the ordinary people's homes.‎ ‎3．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!‎ 我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！‎ ‎[解读]　so ...that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　他如此专注于电脑游戏，以至于没有意识到妈妈已经回家。‎ He was so_absorbed_in_computer_games_that he didn't realize his mother had come home.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．total adj.总的；整个的n.总数；合计 ‎[经典例句]　You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.‎ 你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。‎ ‎(1)a total of　　　　　　　　　 总数为 in total＝in all 总计；总共 ‎(2)totally adv. 完全地；整个地 ‎①How much do you have to pay in_total/in_all if the four of you go together?‎ 如果你们四个一起去的话你总共需要支付多少钱？‎ ‎②In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally (total) uneducated.(2017·江苏高考)‎ ‎2030年，这个国家六分之一的潜在劳动力可能完全是未受教育的。‎ ‎2．signal vi.& vt.发信号n.信号 ‎[高考佳句]　The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 这种购买价格也可能是一种信号：老牌公司正在购买一个新的有威胁的(公司)。‎ ‎(1)signal (to) sb.to do sth.　　　 示意某人做某事 signal [(to) sb.] that ... 示意(某人)……‎ ‎(2) a traffic signal 交通信号 send out a signal 发出信号 ‎①The police signalled the driver to_stop (stop) his car by raising his hand.‎ 警察举手示意司机停车。‎ ‎②Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with ‎ your arms folded can_send_out_a_signal that you are being defensive.‎ 身体语言能泄露很多你的情绪，因此，双臂交叠站着发出的信号是你处于防御状态。‎ ‎3．arise vi.出现；发生；起身；起床 ‎[教材原句]　Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.‎ ‎ 然后她把在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中arise的含义 ‎①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身 ‎ ②A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.出现 ‎③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 ‎④It can't be too careful while driving. Accidents often arise from carelessness.发生 ‎[辨析比较]　arise, rise, raise, arouse 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise(vi.)出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising rise(vi.)升起；增长 rose risen rising raise(vt.)举起；抚养；提高 raised raised raising arouse(vt.)唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing 选用上述单词填空 ‎⑤To raise people's awareness of protecting the environment, we launched a campaign.‎ ‎⑥As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.‎ ‎⑦Give your child some old machines such as a broken radio or TV set ‎ to play with and it will arouse his curiosity.‎ ‎⑧The problems between parents and children have arisen from lack of communication.‎ ‎4．solve vt.解决；解答 ‎(1)solve a problem　　　　 解决一个问题 ‎(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段 a solution to sth. ……的解决方法 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ ‎②It may take a long time to find a solution (solve) to the problem.‎ ‎③We need to get to the root of the problem before_we_can_solve_it (我们在解决问题前)．‎ ‎5．reality n．真实；事实；现实 ‎(1)in reality　　　　　　　 实际上；事实上 bring ...back to reality 使……面对现实/不再抱有幻想 ‎(2)real adj. 真实的 really adv. 实际上；真正地 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①You are always dreaming. Let us bring you back to reality (real)．‎ ‎②In_reality (事实上), different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly.‎ ‎6．anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此 补全句子 ‎①It is a pity David is away on business. Anyhow (即使如此), you've got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.‎ ‎②I am afraid we can't come, but_thanks_for_your_invitation_anyhow ‎ (不过无论如何还是感谢你的邀请)．‎ ‎7．application n．应用；用途；申请 ‎(1)make an application (to sb.) for　 (向某人)申请……‎ an application form 申请表 ‎(2)apply v. 应用；申请 apply for 申请 apply to ...for ... 向……申请……‎ 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①After graduating from the college, he made an application (apply) to the school for a job as a teacher.‎ ‎②I filled_in_the_application_form (填申请表) in less than two minutes and handed it in.‎ ‎③I'm writing this letter to_apply_for_the_job (申请这份工作) as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Dressed in fashionable clothes, she looks totally (total) different, like a movie star.‎ ‎2．Her childhood dream became a reality (real) when she broke the 100m race world record.‎ ‎3．A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head, signaling (signal) that he was strongly opposed.‎ ‎4．Have you filled in the application (apply) form for a new passport?‎ ‎5．(2015·湖北高考单选)The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the best solution (solve)．‎ Ⅱ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．诚实地说，我不知道如何解决这个难题。‎ To be honest, I'm at a loss how_to_solve_the_difficult_problem.‎ ‎2．我认为他们不需要帮助，不过我想我应有所表示。‎ I don't think they need help, but I_think_I_should_offer_anyhow.‎ ‎3．休息时，我们的班主任开始处理课上出现的问题。‎ ‎①At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter arising_from_his_class.(分词作定语)‎ ‎②At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter which_arose_from_his_class.(定语从句)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．as a result 结果 ‎[高考佳句]　As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)‎ 结果，人们会吃更多的食物去弥补失去的东西。‎ as a result of 　　　　　　 由于；作为……的结果 result from 由……引起 result in 导致；结果 ‎①Jenny nearly missed the flight as_a_result_of doing too much shopping.‎ 詹妮由于购物太多差点错过了航班。‎ ‎②It's generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.‎ 普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。‎ ‎③You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast, resulting (result) in mistakes.‎ 如果你做事只求速度而导致错误，你或许会明白“欲速则不达”。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句②的其他表达方式 ‎①It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted in his cancer.‎ ‎②It's generally believed that he suffered from cancer as a result of the overfull tiredness.‎ ‎③It's generally believed that the overfull tiredness led to his cancer.‎ ‎2．in a way从某一角度看；在某种程度上 ‎[经典例句]　In a way, the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.‎ 在某种程度上，电脑在我们的生活和工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。‎ all the way　　 一路上；自始至终；完全 by the way 顺便说一下 in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装)‎ in this way 用这种方法 in the way 挡道；碍事 on the way 在途中 ‎①In_a_way,_it is a good thing that I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at that time.‎ 尽管我必须承认我当时很失望，但在某种程度上，我没有得到我所申请的职位是一件好事。‎ ‎②At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on_their_way to Alaska.(2017·6月浙江高考写作)‎ 此刻，Paul 和 Becky正驱车前往阿拉斯加的路上。‎ ‎③In no way should_you_lose_heart when you are faced with difficulties.‎ 面对困难时，你决不应该失去信心。‎ ‎3．deal with处理；安排；对付；涉及；与……打交道，做买卖 ‎ ‎[经典例句]　This article teaches students how to deal with school conflicts.‎ 这篇文章教学生如何处理学校冲突。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中deal with的含义 ‎①As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn't get used to dealing with everything in school independently.处理 ‎②His articles deal with many issues about the world.涉及 ‎③As far as I am concerned, the lady is hard to deal with.对付 ‎④His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of ‎ people.与……打交道 ‎[名师指津]　deal with表示“处理”时，常与连接副词how连用。do with表示“处理”时，常与连接代词what连用。‎ ‎⑤I don't know how they will deal with the problem.‎ ‎→I don't know what they will do with the problem.‎ 我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。‎ ‎4．As time went by, I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。‎ as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎①Enjoy fun history as_we_take_you_through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 当我们带你去旧金山领略有趣的历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃。‎ ‎②As time_went_by,_I gradually adapted myself to the school life.‎ 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。‎ ‎[名师指津]　as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句；with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。例句②可以改为：‎ ‎③With time going (go) by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life.‎ ‎5．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!‎ 我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！‎ so/such ...that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ ‎①We did so_well_that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(2016·北京高考书面表达)‎ 我们做得如此好，以至于我们被邀请给我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。‎ ‎②There were so_many_books_in_the_bookstore_that I didn't know which one to choose.‎ 书店里有那么多的书以至于我不知道该选哪一本。‎ ‎③Dalian is such an_attractive_place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.‎ ‎→Dalian is so attractive_a_place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.‎ 大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such ...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎④So_excited_was_I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the bicycle.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ 我非常兴奋，迫不及待地想尝试骑自行车。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用way短语填空 ‎1．Only in_this_way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.‎ ‎2．In_a_way,_I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.‎ ‎3．He decided that he would drive all_the_way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.‎ ‎4．Don't put the chair in_the_way. The little children will fall over.‎ ‎5．On_the_way home, I caught sight of a car knocking into a big truck.‎ Ⅱ.一句多译/句型转换 ‎1．因为越来越多的污染，结果，很多物种正在灭绝。(result)‎ ‎①There is more and more pollution. As_a_result,_many species are ‎ dying out.‎ ‎②As_a_result_of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.‎ ‎③More and more pollution has resulted_in many species' dying out.‎ ‎④The fact that many species are dying out results_from more and more pollution.‎ ‎2．随着社会的快速发展，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。‎ ‎①As_our_society_develops_quickly,_we find less time to gather with our friends.(as)‎ ‎②With_our_society_developing_quickly,_we find less time to gather with our friends.(with)‎ ‎3．He spoke so loudly that even the people in the next room could hear him.(倒装句)‎ ‎→So_loudly_did_he_speak_that even the people in the next room could hear him.‎ ‎4．Faced with such a difficult situation, I don't know what to do with the difficult problem.‎ ‎→Faced with such a difficult situation, I don't know how_to_deal_with the difficult problem.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①随着因特网的迅速发展，人们可以通过网络申请工作。‎ As_the_Internet_develops_rapidly,_people can apply_for the job through the Internet.‎ ‎②在某种程度上，电脑改变了我们的生活。‎ In_a_way,_computers have_changed_our_life.‎ ‎③人们用它们打字、发信号、解决各种问题，甚至探索月球。‎ People use them to_type,_signal,_solve_all_kinds_of_problems and even explore_the_moon.‎ ‎④很多新的问题出现了。‎ Many new problems have_arisen.‎ ‎⑤许多学生对电脑如此着迷以至于在电脑上花费了太多的时间。‎ Many students become_very_crazy_about_computers and they spend too much time on them.‎ ‎⑥部分学生在考试中失败。‎ Some_of_the_students_fail_in_the_exams.‎ ‎⑦但不管怎么说电脑在我们的日常生活中起着很重要的作用。‎ Anyhow,_ computers play an important part in our life.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用with短语改写句①‎ With_the_Internet_developing_rapidly,_people_can_apply_for_the_job_through_the_Internet.‎ ‎(2)用“so ...that ...”句型改写句⑤‎ Many_students_become_so_crazy_about_computers_that_they_spend_too_much_time_on_them.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, as a result )‎ With the Internet developing rapidly, people can apply for the job through the Internet. In a way, computers have changed our life. People use them to type, signal, solve all kinds of problems and even explore the moon. However, many new problems have arisen. Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them. As a result, some of the students fail in the exams. Anyhow, computers play an important part in our life.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——动词ing作状语]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.‎ 本句的主干句是：“But I was always so lonely”， “standing there by myself”是现在分词短语作状语，“until in ... a family”是时间状语从句，“connected by a network”是过去分词短语作定语。‎ 研究表明，放弃驾驶是老年人健康状况和幸福感下降的一个关键原因，结果使他们更加消极和孤独。‎ 真题长难句 Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D)‎ 主句为“Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people”，现在分词短语“leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive”作结果状语。 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 因特网的使用 ‎288‎ ‎6分钟 When Adan Gonzalez was a high school student in a poor neighborhood in Dallas, TX, he had dreams of going to college. But first he needed to get through high school. Then he needed to apply for college.‎ At one time, Adan shared one bedroom with six others while his father worked long hours as a custodian (看门人) and his mother held parttime jobs to help feed the family. Unlike many other students in America there was no Internet in his apartment, and too often no electricity. To complete homework requiring online access, he would walk late at night, after sports practices, to a McDonald's or Starbucks to catch enough of WiFi signals to finish his homework on a borrowed laptop. When he had to research and apply for college, he hit the streets in search of a signal that didn't have a password attached to it.‎ Fortunately, Adan was resourceful, hardworking and patient to jump over this_gap_in_technology which traps many other poor youths.‎ In today's digital world, students can't learn as well without the Internet. Going forward into tomorrow, there will only be a bigger gap between the Internet haves and the havenots. As the havenots continue to struggle to keep up, our entire educational system will also struggle to keep up globally and later our workforce will struggle, too. And that's an even bigger problem in the near future.‎ Recently, Adan has graduated from Georgetown University decorated with national awards, captain of the boxing team, and has engaged over 10,000 youths through his Si Se Puede Network. Yes, this is his story. And now we need to change it so others can have the same happy ending without as many struggles in the story.‎ 语篇解读：现在的高中生做家庭作业需要使用因特网，但是很多学生因贫穷无法使用因特网。‎ ‎1．From Paragraph 2 we can learn that Adan Gonzalez ________.‎ A．had to help feed his family B．had a poor family background C．didn't like living with his family D．used to turn off lights to save money 解析：选B　由第二段可知，Adan的爸爸是个看门人，妈妈做临时工补贴家用，家里7个孩子共用一个房间，家里没网且经常没电，他要上网的时候得去麦当劳或星巴克蹭网。由此可知，他的家庭比较贫困。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part “this gap in technology” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?‎ A．Having no electricity.‎ B．Having no laptops to use.‎ C．Having no WiFi password.‎ D．Having no Internet for homework.‎ 解析：选D　由第二段内容可知，Adan无法连接因特网来完成家庭作业，this gap in technology指的就是这事。‎ ‎3．Paragraph 4 mainly shows that ________.‎ A．today's educational system is struggling B．many students struggle in this digital world C．having Internet is important to today's students D．the whole country's workforce will suffer one day 解析：选C　由第四段“In today's digital world, students can't learn as well without the Internet.”以及“As the havenots continue to struggle to keep up, our entire educational system will also struggle ...”可知，这一段主要表明能够上网对于现在的学生来说很重要。‎ ‎4．The text is most probably written to ________.‎ A．share Adan Gonzalez's life story B．inspire readers with Adan Gonzalez's story C．show today's world is unfair to poor students D．invite us to help poor students have access to the Internet 解析：选D　由最后一段“And now we need to change it so others can have the same happy ending without as many struggles in the story.”可知，本文旨在通过Adan的故事呼吁人们关注贫困学生使用因特网的情况。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 ‎3D打印技术在医疗上的应用 ‎366‎ ‎8分钟 Quicker and faster 3D printers have allowed not just amazing objects to be created, but have started to affect how doctors treat patients.‎ We've put together a list of some of the most amazing medical breakthroughs made possible with 3D printing.‎ LifeSaving Airway In 2013, doctors created a new airway for Kaiba Gionfriddo, a boy born with an airway that kept collapsing (萎陷). To save his life doctors printed tiny tubes to join together in different shapes and sizes until one finally worked for Kaiba. It was placed in Kaiba's bronchus (支气管) so that it no longer collapsed. Even more remarkably, once the plant was placed it could stay there. It's designed to eventually be absorbed into the body.‎ New “Bionic” Hands One of the most remarkable ways 3D printing is now being used is as a way to create prosthetics (假肢). A boy born without an arm named Alex was able to get a new “bionic” hand thanks to it. Last year a college student spent 8 weeks coming up with a special prosthetic design that only cost a few hundred dollars in materials. He said he wanted to create a prosthetic far cheaper than other choices that can run tens of thousands of dollars.‎ A Practice Heart In Seattle, doctors have been able to use 3D printing technology to “practice” risky operations so that they will face fewer surprises in the operating room. Kami Sutton was born with her heart “in the wrong place”. For a recent operation her doctor was able to take many scans of Sutton's heart and print out a model. “Kami's heart is truly oneofakind，” Dr. Stephan Seslar, a heart disease specialist said. ‎ ‎“Operating on her without understanding the structure of her heart better could be very dangerous.”‎ A New Skull A U．K. man was able to have part of his skull rebuilt thanks to a 3D printer. Stephen Power broke his cheek bones in a crash. To help Power his doctors instead created 3D bones all carefully printed in the shape of his face. “This is really the first time we've taken it to this stage, where everything has been planned and modeled in advance — and worked sweetly，” said Adrian Sugar, a doctor.‎ ‎5．What is special about the 3D printed airway?‎ A．It uses hightech materials.‎ B．It varies in shapes and sizes.‎ C．It can be absorbed by the body.‎ D．It can prevent any disease in the airway.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由LifeSaving Airway一节中的“Even more remarkably ... It's designed to eventually be absorbed into the body.”可知，3D打印的人工气管能最终被人体吸收。‎ ‎6．What is the advantage of the new “bionic” hand?‎ A．Its price.　　　　　　 　B．Its effects.‎ C．Its materials. D．Its shape design.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由New “Bionic” Hands一节中的“a special prosthetic design that only cost a few hundred dollars in materials ... a prosthetic far cheaper than other choices that can run tens of thousands of dollars.”可知，3D打印的仿生手优势在于其成本低。‎ ‎7．How can 3D printing technology help doctors in the operating room?‎ A．It helps them get better scans.‎ B．It guarantees the success of operations.‎ C．It enables them to practice and learn more.‎ D．It helps them to deal with patients' anxiety.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由A Practice Heart一节中的“to ‘practice’ risky operations”和“For a recent operation her doctor ... print out a model.”可知，3D打印的心脏能帮助医生在真正动手术之前多练习手术步骤。‎ ‎8．What does Adrian Sugar think of the new skull printed by 3D technology?‎ A．He has doubts about it.‎ B．He thinks highly of it.‎ C．It needs to be better planned.‎ D．It functions well but needs improving.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“This is really the first time we've taken it to this stage, where everything has been planned and modeled in advance — and worked sweetly”可知，Adrian Sugar认为3D打印的头骨效果很好。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 All animals produce waste. We call it “waste”， but we all know it can be very useful. In some parts of the world, animal waste, or poop, is collected, dried, and burned for cooking and heating. __1__‎ The Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Center has an unusual way of using animal “waste”. The center's 40 pandas produce about two tons of poop a day. This material is being turned into a new product called Panda Poop Paper. __2__ After all, paper is made from plant fiber, which cannot be digested and simply goes through the body as waste.‎ Since pandas eat nothing but bamboo, their “waste” is perfect paper material. __3__ Their stomachs haven't fully developed for their vegetarian diet, so their bodies make use of just 20% of what they eat. The other 80% comes out as poop: very high in fiber and perfect for paper.‎ Once the poop is collected, it is cleaned with chemicals, crushed (碾碎), and put into frames (框架) to dry. __4__ Because of its good quality as well as the worldwide popularity of the panda, gift products made from the paper sell well.‎ ‎__5__ They got the idea from the elephant dung (大象粪) paper made at the Elephant Conservation Center in Chiang Mai, Thailand. And Creative Paper Wales in the U．K. sells paper gifts made from sheep waste.‎ A．It's not so strange!‎ B．Where does the paper come from?‎ C．What's more, pandas have a special advantage.‎ D．After these steps, it becomes very good, strong paper.‎ E．But have you ever heard of paper that's made from poop?‎ F．Farmers have been using animal and human waste for a long time.‎ G．Surprisingly, the Chinese weren't the first to make paper from animal waste.‎ ‎1．选E　根据文章接下来介绍熊猫的粪便被制作成为纸张等内容可知，尽管大家听说过动物粪便的诸多用处，但是你听过由粪便制成的纸张吗？‎ ‎2．选A　根据下一句中的“After all, paper is made from plant fiber”可知，由于纸张本来就是由纤维组成的，因此用纤维含量高的熊猫粪便制作纸张也就不足为奇。‎ ‎3．选C　接下来介绍的“熊猫只能吸收其所吃的20%，剩余80%富含纤维的食物都随粪便排出体外”是熊猫的一个特殊优势。‎ ‎4．选D　根据上一句中的“collected, cleaned, crushed”和“dry”可知，经过这些程序后，熊猫的粪便被制作成为非常好用且结实的纸张。‎ ‎5．选G　根据下一句“They got the idea from the elephantdung (大象粪) paper made at the Elephant Conservation Center in Chiang Mai, Thailand.”可知，中国不是第一个想到用动物粪便制作纸张的国家。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 I had a really frustrating day on yesterday. I wanted do some research, but I couldn't get online. I try everything I could think of, but I couldn't solve the problem. So I had to ringing the helpline. I waited for ages listening to really annoying musics before someone picked up a phone. Luckily, the man was actual really nice and helped me find the problem.‎ ‎ There's a little switch for the Internet connection on the side of his laptop, and it had somehow got shut off. I didn't even know it was here! I switched it on but everything was fine. I felt so stupid for wasting a whole morning.‎ 答案：第一句：去掉on 第二句：wanted后加to 第三句：try→tried 第四句：ringing→ring 第五句：musics→music; a→the 第六句：actual→actually 第七句：his→my 第八句：here→there 第九句：but→and Topic 2　Astronomy: the science of the stars (Book 3·Unit 4)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.‎ For several billion years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became ❸so violent that it was not clear whether It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. still remains a mystery. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.‎ Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎❶how引导宾语从句 ‎❷as引导原因状语从句 ‎❸“so ... that ...”引导结果状语从句 ‎❹What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句 ‎❺it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语 ‎❻Why引导主语从句 ‎❼“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．fundamental adj.　　　　 基本的；基础的 ‎2．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 ‎3．dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散 ‎4．acid n. 酸 ‎5．multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加 ‎6．gravity n. 万有引力；重力 ‎7．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 ‎8．exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎2．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的 ‎3．thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎5．climate n. 气候 ‎6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 ‎9．system n. 系统；体系；制度 ‎10．theory n. 学说；理论 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 ‎2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地；激烈地 ‎3．unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的 ‎4．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→harmless adj.无害的 ‎5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存 ‎6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．This object gives off harmful gases.They may do harm to our health.You must make the object harmless before you use it.(harm)‎ ‎2．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)‎ ‎3．In my opinion, a global tour means traveling all around the globe.(globe)‎ ‎4．Larry was in violent pain.As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.(violent)‎ ‎5．Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．in_time　　　　　　　 及时；终于 ‎2．lay_eggs 下蛋 ‎3．give_birth_to 产生；分娩 ‎4．in_one's_turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎5．prevent_...from 阻止；制止 ‎6．block_out 挡住(光线)‎ ‎7．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎8．now_that 既然 ‎9．break_out 突发；爆发 ‎10．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．Last night, Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came in_time to save her life.‎ ‎2．Once he has made up his mind, no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.‎ ‎3．Now_that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.‎ ‎4．Before the war broke_out,_many people put away possessions they could not take with them in safe places.‎ ‎5．Mum, you had me do the cleaning yesterday, so today Tom, in_his_turn,_should do the washing!‎ ‎6．She married at 25 and gave_birth_to her first child shortly after.‎ ‎7．To ensure good sleep, she bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.‎ 烈火与岩石最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ ‎[解读]　句中“be to do”结构表示不可避免将要发生的事。‎ ‎[仿写]　那时人们并不知道他们的所作所为会让地球变暖。‎ At that time people didn't know what they did was_to_make the earth warm.‎ ‎2．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎[解读]　句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。‎ ‎[仿写]　太空技术的发展使得人类登上火星成为可能。‎ The development of space technology has made_it_possible_for_humans_to_land_on Mars.‎ ‎3．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。‎ ‎[解读]　“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”是倍数表达法之一。‎ ‎[仿写]　在2016年里约奥运会期间，里约的汽车的数量是我们预料的三倍。‎ There were three_times_as_many_cars_as we expected during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games in Rio.‎ ‎4．“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”‎ ‎[解读]　now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。‎ ‎[仿写]　既然你有当宇航员的梦想，从现在起你就要做好准备。‎ Now_(that)_you_have_the_dream_of being an astronaut, you must be ready for it now.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．harmful adj.有害的 ‎[经典例句]　Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.‎ 专家指出果汁可能对儿童的牙齿有害。‎ ‎(1)be harmful to　　　　　　　 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 ‎(2)cause/do harm to ... 对……造成伤害/有害 mean no harm 无恶意 there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 ‎①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.‎ 有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。‎ ‎②If we do not deal with pressure properly, it may_cause_harm_to_the body. ‎ 如果我们不恰当处理压力，可能会对身体造成危害。‎ ‎③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in_calling_him.‎ 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。‎ ‎2．exist vi.存在；生存[教材原句]　They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也下蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ ‎(1)exist in　　　　　　 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 There exists ... 某地有……；存在……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ‎(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的 ‎①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he's earning.‎ 你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。‎ ‎②There_exists a good way to solve the existing (exist) problem at present.‎ 目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。‎ ‎③No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.‎ 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始存在的。‎ ‎ [名师指津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎3．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜 ‎[教材原句]　How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.‎ 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。‎ ‎(1)puzzle about/over　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ‎(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 ‎①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.‎ 警察仍在苦苦思索这起事故是怎么发生的。‎ ‎②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a_puzzle_to us.‎ 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。‎ ‎③When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.‎ 当这个小女孩被问及一个如此令人迷惑的问题时，她面带惊讶的表情站在那里。‎ ‎④It was a puzzling remark and still leaves me a little_puzzled (puzzle). ‎ 这是一个令人迷惑的描述，仍然让我感到一点儿困惑。‎ ‎[名师指津]　过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎4．fundamental adj.根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的 补全句子 ‎①有些专家认为阅读是学校教育着力培养的基本技能。‎ Some experts think reading is the_fundamental_skill upon which school education depends.‎ ‎②众所周知，必须苦干才能成功。‎ As we all know, hard work is_fundamental_to_success.‎ ‎5．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引(力)‎ pull down　　　　　　 拆毁；摧毁 pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出 补全句子 ‎①They are pulling_down those old houses to make room for a new hotel.‎ 为了给新旅馆腾地方，他们正在拆除那些旧的房屋。‎ ‎②那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出站。‎ The father saw the train his son was on pull_out, with his eyes full of tears.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.‎ ‎2．As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.‎ ‎3．Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.‎ ‎4．He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.‎ ‎5．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion (religious)‎ ‎ and only believes in himself.‎ ‎6．I can say that it is the most violent (violence) film that I have ever seen.‎ ‎7．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.‎ ‎8．As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.‎ ‎9．The car_crashed_(crash) into a big stone and burst into flames.‎ ‎10．The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in bed, which is harmful for her eyes. for→to ‎2．Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists in his mind.exists→exist ‎3．It is a puzzle for me why he wants to change his job. for→to ‎4．The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and had crashed into a truck.去掉had Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译/词汇升级 ‎1．幸运的是，有一些现成的关键原则你可以遵循。(exist)‎ Fortunately, there_exist some key principles you can follow.‎ ‎2．事实上，所困扰你的事情对于许多中国的父母来说也是一个难题。‎ What puzzles you is actually a_puzzle_to many parents in China.‎ ‎3．众所周知，过量饮酒对你的身体有害。‎ ‎①What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to your health.(harmful)‎ ‎②It_is_known_to_us_that_drinking too much causes/does_harm_to your health.(it作形式主语，harm)‎ ‎4．If the basic interests of the workers are not considered, they'll go on strike next week.‎ basic→fundamental (用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．in time及时；终于；迟早 ‎[高考佳句]　Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day？(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 你想及时起床与家人一起吃早餐，锻炼或者为白天做更好的准备吗？‎ in time for ...　 　 刚好赶上……‎ in time to do sth. 及时做某事 in no time 立刻；马上 at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时；偶尔 take one's time 别着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间 ‎①He arrived home just in time to_witness_(witness) his brother being taken away by the police.‎ 他回到家正好目击了他的弟弟被警察带走。‎ ‎②At_the_same_time,_we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015·天津高考书面表达)‎ 同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。‎ ‎③At no time did_they_actually_break_the_rules_of_the_game. It was unfair to punish them.‎ 他们实际并未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。‎ ‎2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着　‎ ‎[教材原句]　Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.‎ 于是，他们接着成为了这个星球上最重要的动物。‎ in turn　　　　　　　　　　 依次；轮流；反之；相应地 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……‎ ‎①All theories come from practice and_in_turn_serve practice.‎ 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。‎ ‎②I think it's my turn to_drive (drive) the kids to school this week.‎ 我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。‎ ‎③It_turned_out_that this young man was none other than the old man's son.‎ 结果，这位年轻人正是这位老人的儿子。‎ ‎3．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎[教材原句]　I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ ‎(1)cheer sb. up　 使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 ‎(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！‎ ‎①When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.‎ 当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事使我振作起来。‎ ‎②They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on.‎ 他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。‎ ‎[名师指津]　cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。‎ ‎4．This produced a chain reaction, which ‎ made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.‎ 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 该句型为“make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do”，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。‎ ‎(1)不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句)放在宾语补足语的后面。‎ ‎①To make it easier to_get (get) in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京高考单选)‎ 为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。‎ ‎②People in China make_it_a_rule_to_give children lucky money in red paper during the Spring Festival.‎ 在中国，人们常在春节期间给孩子压岁钱。‎ ‎③Susan made_it_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ 苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。‎ ‎(2)常跟it作形式宾语的动词还有think, consider, find, feel等。‎ ‎④I consider_it_no_use quarrelling with him about it.‎ 我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。‎ ‎5．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。‎ ‎“twice as far as ...”是一种倍数的表达方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as ...“远到……”。‎ 英语中常见的倍数表达法有：‎ ‎(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B ‎(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B ‎(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of B ‎(4)A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”。‎ ‎①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.‎ ‎→The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.‎ ‎→The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.‎ 这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。‎ ‎②The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.‎ 现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎ [名师指津]　在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用time的短语完成下面语段 ‎①At_one_time I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground ②from_time_to_time,_but I knew that I would ③at_no_time be skilled if I lacked practice. If I keep on, I will succeed ④in_time.‎ 我曾经对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却不时摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。如果坚持下去，我迟早会成功的。‎ ‎2．用turn的短语完成下面语段 We couldn't all make a speech together; we had to ①take_turns (轮流). ②When_it_was_in_my_turn (当轮到我时), I was too excited to speak. However, with the encouragement of my teacher and classmates, I began my speech by outlining my plan for the coming term. ③_It_turned_out_that (结果是) everyone there seemed to think very highly of me.‎ ‎3．用cheer短语填空(cheer up, cheer on)‎ ‎①I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!‎ ‎②They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team on.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．The new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.‎ ‎→The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_bigger_than Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(than)‎ ‎→The new planet discovered recently is almost_three_times_the_size_of Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(size)‎ ‎2．It is possible for every student in our school to use a computer in class.‎ ‎→Our school makes_it_possible for every student to use a computer in class.‎ ‎3．I think reading in bed is no good.‎ ‎→I think it_no_good_reading in bed.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 depend on， now that， in time， break out， exist， make， permit， turn， prevent ... from ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们日常生活中到处有险境。‎ There_exists_danger_everywhere in our daily life.‎ ‎②上周日，我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。‎ Last Sunday, a_fire_broke_out in a building near my home.‎ ‎③楼梯到处是烟雾，使得人们很难逃生。‎ The stairs were full of smoke, which_made_it_difficult for people to escape.‎ ‎④消防队员及时赶到。‎ The firefighters arrived_in_time.‎ ‎⑤消防队员到来后就不允许我们靠近了。‎ The firefighters didn't_permit_us_to_get_close as soon as they arrived.‎ ‎⑥他们说既然他们来了，就轮到他们救人了。‎ They said now_that_they_came_here,_it was their_turn_to save life.‎ ‎⑦依靠他们的专业知识，他们很快就阻止了火势的蔓延。‎ Depending_on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented_the_fire_from_spreading.‎ ‎⑧从这个故事我们知道，我们能否阻止火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。‎ From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not_depends_on_whether_we_have_a_sense_of_safety.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用定语从句和非谓语动词合并④⑤⑥句 The_firefighters_arrived_in_time,_who_didn't_permit_us_to_get_close_as_soon_as_they_arrived,_saying_now_that_they_came_here,_it_was_their_turn_to_save_life.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词and, luckily)‎ There exists danger everywhere in our daily life. Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to save life. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading. From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——it作形式主语的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The earth became so violent that it was 本句是“so ...that ...”句型，that ‎ not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ ‎ 引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，“whether the shape would last or not”是真正的主语。‎ 虽然他对这些书理解不多，它们却是他通往古典绘画的指引。‎ 真题长难句 While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.(2017·6月浙江高考阅读理解A)‎ 本句是主从复合句。“they were his introduction to classical paintings”是主句，“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books”是while引导的让步状语从句，在这个从句中it是形式主语。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 太空研究 ‎326‎ ‎7分钟 If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject, might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value. Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?‎ One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research ‎ not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.‎ Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides. The artificial (人造的) heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.‎ There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多美国人对政府投入巨资用于太空研究存在质疑，那么这是否值得呢？本文作者就此问题指出了将钱投入太空研究的诸多好处，如经济航班的使用，还有太空研究所提供的许多技术，以及带来的经济利益等。‎ ‎1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?‎ A．By offering analyses.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By giving some examples.‎ D．By presenting research findings.‎ 解析：选A　写作手法题。通读第二段内容可知，该段主要分析了钱花在了科研人员和机构身上的事实；由此可知，第二段采取的主要写作手法是分析说明。故选A。‎ ‎2．The function of Jaws of Life is to ________.‎ A．save people from traffic accidents B．do experiments on the space shuttle C．keep houses warm and energy efficient D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents”可知，救生颚的作用是用来拯救出车祸的人。故选A。‎ ‎3．In the author's opinion, space exploration ________.‎ A．has changed our life completely B．costs too much of our time C．benefits us in many ways D．has nothing to do with us 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及文章最后一段叙述可知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处。故选C。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Benefits of space exploration B．Is space exploration worth the cost?‎ C．How to make space exploration affordable D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program 解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文并结合第一段最后一句以及文章最后一句可知，本文主要是在讨论用于太空探索的钱花得值不值这一问题。故B项是最佳标题。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 木星的最大卫星Ganymede上发现海洋 ‎268‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·太原二模)Washington: NASA has announced evidence that ‎ Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observations.‎ New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.‎ Scientists estimate that the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.‎ While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede — the largest moon in our solar system — until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.‎ This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.‎ Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europa,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.‎ Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星Ganymede上有海洋，这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野，使探寻太阳系内地球以外的生命的努力更进了一步。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about Ganymede from the passage?‎ A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.‎ B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.‎ C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.‎ D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知，木星的最大卫星Ganymede上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?‎ A．Cautious.　　　　　　　 　B．Doubtful.‎ C．Negative. D．Favourable.‎ 解析：选D　作者态度题。根据第五段第一句“This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish.”可知，这次具有里程碑意义的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成。由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A．An underground ocean has been found in Europa.‎ B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europa is not possible.‎ C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europa.‎ D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europa.‎ 解析：选C　句意理解题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has announced plans to send ... with liquid water”可知，因为Europa上有水存在，NASA才宣布要在Europa上搜寻地球以外的生命；由此可推知，画线句意为：科学家们已经证实Europa上存在海洋。故选C项。‎ ‎8．What type of writing does this passage belong to?‎ A．A term essay.‎ B．A news report.‎ C．An experiment report.‎ D．An exploration review.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence ...”及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇新闻报道。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 A marine biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small bait fish into the tank. The result met your __1__， the shark quickly swam across the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.‎ The biologist then __2__ a strong piece of fiberglass into the tank, creating two __3__ parts. She then put the shark on one side of the __4__ fiberglass and a new set of bait fish on the other. __5__， the shark quickly attacked. But this time, the shark __6__ because it knocked hard against the fiberglass __7__. Determined, the shark kept __8__ this behavior every few minutes, but __9__. Meanwhile, the bait fish swam around __10__ in the second part. Eventually, the shark __11__ hope of hunting. This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less __12__ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until it __13__ hitting the fiberglass and simply stopped attacking. The biologist then __14__ the fiberglass, but the shark didn't attack. The shark was trained to believe a __15__ existed between it and the bait fish, __16__ the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm.‎ Many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures, __17__ give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that __18__ we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful. __19__， even when no “real” obstacle exists between where we are and where we want to go, we __20__ see obstacles in our heads.‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。一位海洋生物学家做了一个小实验，作者由这个实验发出感慨：我们中的许多人经历过挫折和失败后，就从情感上放弃尝试。‎ ‎1．A.demands B．expectations C．schedules D．requirements 解析：选B　实验结果在你的预料(expectations)之中。demand“要求，需求”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；requirement“要求，必要条件”。‎ ‎2．A.changed B．added C．inserted D．crashed 解析：选C　然后这位生物学家把一块坚固的玻璃纤维插入(inserted)这个水箱里，制造出两个分开的(separate)部分。add“添加”，常与介词to搭配使用。‎ ‎3．A.separate B．opposite C．connected D．relevant 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.delicate B．hidden C．transparent D．flexible 解析：选C　根据语境可知，这边的鲨鱼可以看到对面的用作诱饵的鱼，因此生物学家插入水箱的玻璃纤维是透明的(transparent)。delicate“易碎的”；hidden“隐藏的”；flexible“可弯曲的，有弹性的”。‎ ‎5．A.Yet B．Meanwhile C．Instead D．Again 解析：选D　根据第一段中的“attacked”可知，此处应表示再一次(Again)，鲨鱼快速对用作诱饵的鱼发起了攻击。‎ ‎6．A.bounced B．paused C．withdrew D．leapt 解析：选A　但是这一次，鲨鱼被弹了起来(bounced)，因为它重重地撞上了玻璃纤维分隔板(divider)。bounce“(使)弹起，弹跳”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.trapper B．catcher C．tester D．divider 解析：选D　参见上题解析。divider“分隔物，分开物”，符合语境。trapper“捕杀动物者”；catcher“捕捉器，接球手”；tester“测试员，测试器，试用品”。‎ ‎8．A.accomplishing B．repeating C．copying D．strengthening 解析：选B　根据上文中的“Determined”和下文中的“This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less __12__ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish”可知，一开始，鲨鱼不断重复(repeating)这一行为。‎ ‎9．A.in order B．in vain C．in secret D．in pain 解析：选B　尽管鲨鱼不断重复这一行为，但都是白费力气。in vain“徒劳，白费力气”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.unaccustomed B．unchallenged C．unharmed D．unnoticed 解析：选C　上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作诱饵的鱼的企图都失败了，因此，此处表示“用作诱饵的鱼毫发无伤地四处游动”。本段最后一句“the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm”也是提示。‎ ‎11．A.divorced B．declined C．raised D．abandoned 解析：选D　最终，鲨鱼放弃了(abandoned)捕猎到用作诱饵的鱼的希望。‎ ‎12．A.blind B．aggressive C．alert D．arbitrary 解析：选B　每一次，鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点。aggressive“侵略的，挑衅的”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.got occupied with B．got involved in C．got tired of D．got used to 解析：选C　根据下文中的“and simply stopped attacking ... but the shark didn't attack”可知，鲨鱼厌倦了(got tired of)撞击玻璃纤维。‎ ‎14．A.readjusted B．restored C．replaced D．removed 解析：选D　然后，生物学家移除了(removed)玻璃纤维，但是鲨鱼仍不攻击。‎ ‎15．A.barrier B．distance C．gap D．distinction 解析：选A　鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作诱饵的鱼之间有障碍物(barrier)，因此(玻璃纤维被移除后)小鱼无所顾忌地四处游动，不受攻击。‎ ‎16．A.so B．but C．as D．for 解析：选A　参见上题解析。前后句之间是因果关系，前面是因，后面是果，故选并列连词so。‎ ‎17．A.readily B．intentionally C．emotionally D．physically 解析：选C　我们中的许多人，在经历挫折和失败后，会从情感上(emotionally)选择放弃，并停止尝试。‎ ‎18．A.because B．though C．unless D．while 解析：选A　好比这个故事中的鲨鱼，我们认为因为我们过去失败过，所以就永远不会成功。此处应用because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎19．A.Above all B．In other words C．As a result D．In conclusion 解析：选B　换句话说(In other words)，我们不断(constantly)在我们的脑中看到障碍，即使我们所在的位置和我们想要达到的位置之间并没有“真正的”障碍。‎ ‎20．A.abruptly B．constantly C．eventually D．occasionally 解析：选B　参见上题解析。abruptly“突然”；eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Flying cars may soon become a __1__ (real). The rideshare service Uber has asked __2__ expert from NASA, the American space agency, __3__ (help) the company develop cars that can fly.‎ Uber plans to use flying vehicles __4__ the future to avoid traffic in and around cities. The company wants to use small, totally electric aircraft, __5__ could take off and land like a helicopter on top of parking ‎ garages. Uber said its flying vehicles would be much __6__ (quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ One person in San Francisco __7__ (write) on Twitter (推特), “I used to think that the flying car was a ridiculous idea. __8__ I changed my mind this morning when I sat in heavy traffic.” Another person added from Mumbai, India: “I'm reading about Uber __9__ (hire) a NASA engineer to build flying cars, while I'm stuck in traffic. There is hope.”‎ The expert predicts there will be several early models of cars that can't fly __10__ (they) but with human pilots within one to three years.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国公司Uber对飞行汽车的研究情况。‎ ‎1．reality　冠词后面应用名词，此处表示“飞行汽车将成为现实”。‎ ‎2．an　此处指来自NASA的一名专家。expert为可数名词，且在此为单数，以元音音素开头，此处为泛指，所以填an。‎ ‎3．to help　公司请求来自NASA的一位专家去帮助公司开发能飞行的汽车，故用to help。ask sb.to do sth.“请求某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．in　固定短语in the future表示“在将来”。‎ ‎5．which　先行词为aircraft，非限制性定语从句的关系词代指物，应用which，不能用that。‎ ‎6．quieter　根据下文的than可知，此处为比较级。‎ ‎7．wrote　 一位位于旧金山的人写自己的推文，事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时 。‎ ‎8．But　used to do意为“过去常常”，含有“现在不这样”的意思，故此处表转折。过去认为(研制)飞行汽车是个荒谬的主意，但是今天早上当我困在拥堵的交通中时，我改变了想法。‎ ‎9．hiring　hire与其逻辑主语Uber之间是主动关系，且与句子谓语之间没有连词，故用现在分词hiring。‎ ‎10．themselves　此处指“several early models of cars”，故用反身代词，表示“汽车模型自己”。‎ Topic 3　Robots (Book 7·Unit 2)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] SATISFACTION GUARANTEED Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.‎ Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.‎ On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. But she began to trust him. She told him how she was overweight and this made her feel unhappy. Also she felt her home wasn't elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.‎ As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand. She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.‎ Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of ‎ items for her. Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding. Then she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace. When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. The clerk immediately changed his attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. As she turned around, How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony.‎ When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair. Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be. “You can be like her，” Tony told her and night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.‎ Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy. She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.‎ The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room. At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. Tony freed her and disappeared from sight. had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything!‎ The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious ‎ cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.‎ Then she remembered — Tony was just a machine. She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.‎ The company was very pleased with Tony's report on his three weeks with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm. He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure. He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire's marriage. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt — you cannot ‎❶as引导时间状语从句 ‎❷it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语 ‎❸方位/时间副词位于句首，句子完全倒装 ‎❹suggest作“建议”讲，后跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”‎ ‎❺现在分词短语作伴随状语 ‎❻“It was ... that ...”强调句型 ‎❼have sb doing sth.让某人做某事 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．fiction n．　　　　 小说；虚构或想象出来的事 ‎2．bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利 ‎3．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎4．digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的 ‎5．biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. 希望得到；想要 ‎2．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系 ‎3．envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕 ‎4．bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的 ‎5．staff n. 全体员工；手杖 ‎6．junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 ‎7．divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系 vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离 ‎8．sympathy n. 同情(心)‎ ‎9．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的 ‎2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n.警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 ‎3．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗 ‎4．favour n．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的；给人好印象的→favourite adj.最喜爱的n.最喜欢的人(事物)‎ ‎5．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；伴随→companion n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴 ‎6．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣言；宣布 ‎7．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才气的；有才能的 ‎8．assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评价；评定；评估 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．It's declared that the both sides agree to stop fighting. They must obey the declaration forever. (declare)‎ ‎2．Everybody said Jane was a talented girl because she did well in all her subjects and had a talent for singing, dancing and drawing.(talent)‎ ‎3．I know your favourite is buying a car. Since your economic situation is favourable to you, you can buy one. If necessary, I can do you a favour.(favour)‎ ‎4．To the satisfaction of the boss, his products could satisfy the need of the customers.(satisfy)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．test_out 考验出；检验完 ‎2．ring_up 给……打电话 ‎3．turn_around 转身；翻转 ‎4．leave_...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎5．set_aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)‎ ‎6．in_all 一共；总计 ‎7．be_bound_to 一定做……‎ ‎8．reach_for 伸手去够 ‎9．in_favour_of 支持；赞成 ‎10．or_rather 更确切地说 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎ 1.The new policy, if strictly operated, is_bound_to benefit lots of lowincome families.‎ ‎2．He set_aside my suggestions and just went on with his plan.‎ ‎3．In our city, almost everyone is in_favour_of bringing down the housing price because it is too high for us to buy one.‎ ‎4．The hunter reached_for his gun, aimed at the bear and fired.‎ ‎5．There was little time left. He had to walk, or_rather run to the office.‎ ‎6．The moment I am informed of the result, I will ring you up.‎ ‎7．Her only fear was that her little son would be left_alone in the world in case something happened to her.‎ ‎8．There are 58 students in_all in our class, including 24 girls.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.‎ 机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。‎ ‎[解读]　it是形式主语，that引导的从句是句子的真正主语。‎ ‎[仿写]　你错过了一场这么好的关于未来机器人的报告真是可惜。‎ It_was_a_pity_that you missed such a good lecture about the robots in the future. ‎ ‎2．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.‎ 她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。‎ ‎[解读]　there, here, up, down, now, then等位于句首时，句子要完全倒装。‎ ‎[仿写]　 现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加机器人大赛。‎ Here comes_a_good_chance that you can use your summer vacation to participate in Robot Competition.‎ ‎3．What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!‎ 受到那些女士的妒忌，这是多么甜美的胜利啊！‎ ‎[解读]　what引导的感叹句，结构为：What＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语动词！‎ ‎[仿写]　看，它在跳舞。多可爱的机器人啊！‎ Look！It is dancing.What_a_lovely_robot it is!‎ ‎4．But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt — you cannot have women falling in love with machines.‎ 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。‎ ‎[解读]　can't have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们不允许机器人伤害人类，这是一个原则。‎ It is a law that we can't_have_a_robot_injuring human beings.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要 ‎[教材原句]　She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.‎ 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。‎ ‎(1)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth. 急于做某事/得到某物 have no desire to do sth./for sth. 不想做某事/要某物 at one's desire/at the desire of sb. 　 应某人之邀 ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that ...(should) do sth. 渴望……‎ ‎①I desire to_contact (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.‎ 我渴望联系上他，向他要一些提高我的听力的建议。‎ ‎②She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.‎ 她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。‎ ‎③We desire that immediate help (should)_be_given (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ 我们渴望立刻给予当地那些被洪水围困的村民们救援。‎ ‎[名师指津]　desire不用于进行时态。后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”‎ ‎。此外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。‎ ‎2．satisfaction n．[U]满意；满足[C]令人满意的事物 ‎[经典例句]　She got great satisfaction from helping people to learn.‎ 她在帮助人们学习的过程中得到很大的满足。‎ ‎(1)with satisfaction　　　　 满意地 to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ‎(2)satisfy vt. 使满意；使满足 satisfied adj. (感到)满意的；满足的 be/feel satisfied with 对……感到满意 ‎(3)satisfying adj. 令人满意的 ‎①Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.‎ 萨拉满意地看着这幅已完成的画作。‎ ‎②When finishing her meal, she gave a satisfied (satisfy) smile.‎ 当她吃完饭后，她露出了满意的笑容。‎ ‎③I don't think your delivery is satisfying (satisfy), for I can't find more information about shipment after March 18th.‎ 我认为你的货物发送令人不满意，因为我从3月18号以后就没发现关于装运的更多信息。‎ ‎3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱vt.喜爱；偏袒 ‎[教材原句]　As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.‎ 托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。‎ ‎(1)ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙 do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 owe sb. a favour 欠……的人情 ‎(2)in favour of 同意；支持；优先选择 in one's favour 有利于某人 ‎①I'm writing to ask you to do_a_favour_for_me/do_me_a_favour.‎ 我给您写信想请您帮我一个忙。‎ ‎②He did her a great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions.‎ ‎→He did_a_great_favour_for_her by giving her some valuable suggestions.‎ 他通过给她一些极有价值的建议帮了她一个大忙。‎ ‎③Some people are in_favour_of these measures, saying that they will keep up the students' fighting spirits and help them achieve success in their final exams.‎ 一些人支持这些措施，说他们会保持学生们的战斗精神并帮助他们在期末考试中取得成功。‎ ‎4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 ‎[教材原句]　As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.‎ 因为不允许他陪她去商店，所以他就给她写了一份购物清单。‎ ‎(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb. company 陪伴某人 accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地 ‎(2)accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏 be accompanied by 由……伴奏/伴随 ‎(3)company n．[U] 陪伴；陪同 companion n．[C] 同伴；伙伴 in the company of sb. 在某人的陪伴/陪同下 ‎①With nobody accompanying (accompany) her during the festival, the old lady felt lonely.‎ 没有人在节日时陪伴她，这位老太太感到孤独。‎ ‎②I don't think it's necessary for parents to accompany their children to college.‎ 我认为父母没有必要陪他们的孩子上大学。‎ ‎③While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her ‎ on/at the piano.‎ 她在台上唱歌时，她母亲弹钢琴为她伴奏。‎ ‎④The boy went to the kindergarten in_the_company_of his mother.‎ 这个小男孩在他妈妈的陪伴下去了幼儿园。‎ ‎[名师指津]　汉语中的“陪伴某人做某事”用英语不能表达成“accompany sb. to do sth.”，而是表达成“to do sth. in the company of sb.”。‎ ‎5．alarm n．警报；惊恐；闹钟vt.使警觉/惊恐/忧虑/担心；惊动 单句语法填空 ‎①Left alone at home, Anny was so alarmed (alarm) that she dared not turn off the lights.‎ ‎②The firemen were alarmed at/by the big fire they had never seen before.‎ ‎③We've all heard about the Earth's temperature rising at an alarming (alarm) rate.‎ ‎6．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①They declared against building a new bridge because it would cost a lot of money.‎ ‎②Police have now declared war on/against drug dealers in the area.‎ ‎③主席宣布会议将于今天上午8点召开。‎ The chairman declared_the_meeting_open at 8 this morning.‎ ‎7．envy n．& vt.忌妒；羡慕 单句语法填空 ‎①They envied him for learning so easily.‎ ‎②I envy you having (have) such a happy family.‎ ‎③Aged people are always envious (envy) of young people's energy.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The opening of the 13th National Games of PRC was_declared (declare) on August 27, 2017 in Tianjin.‎ ‎2．My job is to help those who are junior to me in my class.‎ ‎3．They are never alone accompanied (accompany) by noble thoughts.‎ ‎4．Nowadays China is developing fast, which is_envied (envy) by other countries.‎ ‎5．Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted in favour of the new law.‎ ‎6．Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hardworking people.‎ ‎7．With your diligence and concentration, you are bound to_succeed (success) in entering this ideal university.‎ ‎8．The escaped prisoner, alarmed (alarm), looked up and stared in the direction where the noise came from.‎ ‎9．My daughter showed a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.‎ ‎10．After living in Hangzhou for five years, she has developed quite an affection (affect) for the city.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．A man may divorce with his wife easily in many Muslim countries but a woman cannot.去掉with ‎2．Everybody was alarming at the news that war might break out.alarming→alarmed ‎3．Thunders accompanying by heavy rain in this season are very common.accompanying→accompanied ‎4．All the staff in our company is considering going to the city centre for the fashion show.is→are ‎5．Students are required to obey of the rules of the school.去掉第一个of ‎6．You've done too much work that you're bound to passing the ‎ exam.passing→pass Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/句式升级 ‎1．我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。(desire)‎ ‎①We always desire_to_live_in_peace with our neighbours.‎ ‎②We always have_a_desire_to_live_in_peace with our neighbours.‎ ‎③We always have_a_desire_for_a_peace_life with our neighbours.‎ ‎④We always desire_that_we_live_in_peace with our neighbours.‎ ‎⑤We always desire_us_to_live_in_peace with our neighbours.‎ ‎2．令我们满意的是，问题及时得到了解决。(satisfaction)‎ To_our_satisfaction,_the problems were solved in time.‎ ‎3．Daughter likes her mother to be her companion to go to the concert every weekend.‎ ‎→Mother accompanies_her_daughter_to the concert every weekend.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．leave ...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎[教材原句]　She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.‎ 她高声嚷着“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。‎ leave aside　　　　　　　 搁置一边 leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面 leave for ... 动身前往……‎ leave out 省略；遗漏 ‎①He will leave alone things that might cause trouble, and he would say, “let sleeping dogs alone.”‎ 他从来不做招惹是非的事，他会说：“莫惹是非。”‎ ‎②Leaving religious factors aside,_it is actually a humanity and social problem.‎ 先把宗教因素放在一边，这实际上是一个人道问题，也是一个社会问题。‎ ‎③No wonder you couldn't get through. You've left out a zero in this phone number.‎ 难怪你打不通。你在这个电话号码中漏掉了一个零。‎ ‎2．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑 ‎[高考佳句]　I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 我衷心地希望你抽出一些时间来参加这次艺术盛宴。‎ set off　　　　　　　　　　　 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up 建立；引起 set down 写下；放下 set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)‎ set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)‎ ‎①You'd better set_aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.‎ 你最好每天都留出一些时间来锻炼，这样你就可以保持精力充沛。‎ ‎②We set out to_paint (paint) the whole house but only finished the front part that day.‎ 那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。‎ ‎③Benjamin Franklin set about learning (learn) the printer's trade at an early age.‎ 本杰明·富兰克林早年就开始学习印刷术。‎ ‎3．As she turned around, there_stood Gladys Claffern.‎ 她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。‎ 地点副词位于句首时引导的完全倒装句。‎ ‎①The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There _stand_many_stone_sculptures of famous historical figures.‎ 大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。‎ ‎②By the window sits/sat/is_sitting (sit) a young man with a magazine in his hand.‎ 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，他手里拿着一本杂志。‎ ‎③Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village.‎ 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。‎ ‎④Look at the little dog! Here it_runs.‎ 看这条小狗！它跑过来了。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用leave的短语填空 ‎①John is leaving_for London tomorrow and I will see him off at the airport.‎ ‎②The little boy was so careless with his spelling that he often left_out letters from words.‎ ‎③Einstein liked Ross's paper so much that he left_aside his own work and translated it into German.‎ ‎④I dislike it when I am left_alone to start a conversation with a stranger.‎ ‎2．用set的短语填空 ‎①Having said farewell to their friends, they set_off for home.‎ ‎②A visitor arrived just as we were setting_out for the airport.‎ ‎③The school has set_up a special class to help poor readers.‎ ‎④Having decided to rent a flat，we set_about contacting housing agencies in the city.‎ Ⅱ.翻译或补全句子 ‎1．你期盼已久的信在这儿。(完全倒装)‎ Here_is_the_letter_you_have_been_looking_forward_to.‎ ‎2．远处可以见到紫色的山。(完全倒装)‎ In_the_distance_could_be_seen_the_purple_mountains.‎ ‎3．这所房子与其说它像座教堂，不如说它像个学校。(more ...than ...)‎ This house is_more_like_a_school_than a church.‎ ‎4．我总不能让他那样当众取笑别人。(can't have sb. doing)‎ I can't_have_him_making_fun_of others that way in public.‎ ‎5．他们玩得多开心啊！(感叹句)‎ What_a_good_time they are having!‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①David来了，他是一家公司资历浅的职员。‎ David came here and he was a_junior_clerk in a company.‎ ‎②尽管他很认真地对待他的工作，但他仍然有一大堆的工作正等着他。‎ Although he took his work seriously, he still had piles_of_work_waiting_for_him.‎ ‎③他的同事很同情他，并尽可能抽出时间来帮他。‎ His workmates showed_sympathy_for_him and tried to_set_aside some time to help him.‎ ‎④他多么羡慕别人有周末啊！‎ How he envied_others_having_holidays at weekends!‎ ‎⑤他渴望周末陪家人一起到海边度假。‎ He desired_to_accompany his family to the beach to spend the weekend holiday.‎ ‎⑥他相信他的愿望有一天一定会实现。‎ He believed that his_desire_was_bound_to_come_true one day.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用倒装句和定语从句升级句①‎ Here_came_David,_who_was_a_junior_clerk_in_a_company.‎ ‎(2)用感叹句改写句⑤‎ How_he_desired_to_accompany_his_family_to_the_beach_to_spend_the_weekend_holiday!‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 Here_came_David,_who_was_a_junior_clerk_in_a_company._Although_he_took_his_work_seriously,_he_still_had_piles_of_work_waiting_for_him._His_workmates_showed_sympathy_for_him_and_tried_to_set_aside_some_time_to_help_him._How_he_envied_others_having_holidays_at_weekends！How_he_desired_to_accompany_his_family_to_the_beach_to_spend_the_weekend holiday!_He_believed_that_his_desire_was_bound_to_come_true_one_day.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　‎ ‎[本单元突破点——but连接的并列句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.‎ 本句是but连接的并列句。as引导的是时间状语从句；that引导的宾语从句充当第二个分句的谓语“persuaded”的直接宾语。‎ 虽然这张票有严格的不可转让政策，但是由于订票时没有要求填写护照信息，任何名叫Elizabeth Gallagher的加拿大人都可以使用。‎ 真题长难句 The ticket had a strict notransfer (不可转让) policy, but since passport information was not required when booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can use it. ‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)‎ 本句是but连接的并列句。since在第二个分句中引导的是原因状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 未来机器人 ‎348‎ ‎8分钟 Robots have proven very useful in different situations. But those bots are small remotecontrolled tanks with a mechanical arm, and they can get hung up on narrow stairwells (楼梯井) and are stopped by ladders. “A lot of the places where you do disaster recovery are only accessible for people，” says Marc Raibert, the president of Boston Dynamics, which is providing advice and help for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) — the scientific research department of the U．S. military (军队) — to create the most advanced robots on earth. “If you're a humanoid — a machine or creature with the appearance and qualities of a human — access can be increased and you can use available tools.” In the future DARPA hopes, a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks, and enter power plants.‎ That future is a long way off. Simple movements like squatting (蹲) are almost impossible for something with metal parts and skin that cannot bend, says Raibert. Still, recent progress is impressive enough that the military has begun to bet on legged bots. The Office of Naval Research is working with Virginia Tech on a humanoid firefighting robot, and Dynamics showed off two of its latest projects: Cheetah, a fourlegged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour, and the Legged Squad Support System, a big and awkward headless robot funded by DARPA and the Marine Corps to help carry things in places like mountain areas.‎ ‎“Half the land on earth is too rough, sandy, or rocky for wheeled things，” says Raibert. “Humans and animals can go to those places. They are the only examples of successful systems that do what we're trying to do.”‎ None of the walking robots is meant to fight. They're designed to put out fires and clean up industrial accidents. But they are all funded by the military. “I'm well aware of how the world works，” says Dennis ‎ Hong, founding director of Virginia Tech's robotics lab. “Robots for me are tools to help society, not to fight in wars. But once a technology leaves our lab, there's no way to control how people can use it.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类，并能完成复杂的任务。‎ ‎1．In Marc Raibert's opinion, robots need to be designed like humans to ________.‎ A．accomplish complex tasks B．be controlled efficiently C．survive disasters D．appear friendly 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you're a humanoid ... access can be increased and you can use available tools ... a humanoid robot will be able to drive trucks, and enter power plants.”可知，类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方，完成复杂的任务。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is most likely to be Cheetah?‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cheetah, a fourlegged robot capable of running 28 miles per hour”可知，Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人，故选C项。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.‎ A．Cheetah and the Legged Squad Support System B．humans and animals C．wheeled things D．legged robots 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第三段内容可知，地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过，但是人类和动物可以到达这些地方，所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人。第二段中提到的Cheetah可以一小时跑28英里，Legged Squad Support System可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西，因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子，能够做我们人类做的事情。‎ ‎4．How does Dennis Hong feel about using robots in wars?‎ A．Surprised.　　　　　　　 　B．Cautious.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Helpless.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段末的“Robots for me are tools to help society ... control how people can use it.”可知，Dennis Hong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会，而不是为了战争，但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室，他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术。由此可推测，他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 会做饭的机器人 ‎270‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·九江市高三二模)Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.‎ If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot.University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”‎ ‎“At present, the videos are fed electronically，” said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller.“Originally, we took our own videos, our ‎ cameras looking at us doing the cooking，” she explained.“And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos.And it will react to even lower quality homemade videos.”‎ So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.‎ But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the socalled feedback (反馈意见); another is the introduction of language.‎ ‎“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻性的) language，” he added.“But，” he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”‎ 语篇解读：机器人按既定指令完成任务并不让人觉得新鲜，但能看着视频学做饭的机器人，你可能前所未闻。‎ ‎5．The underlined phrase “capitalize on” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．take hold of　　　　　 　B．make use of C．keep track of D．catch sight of 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第二段的第一句“If you have posted ...used by a robot.”可知，机器人能利用网上大量的视频信息。结合第二段的最后一句可知，capitalize on应与“make use of”意思相近，因此选择B项。‎ ‎6．Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________.‎ A．can not fully digest what it learns B．can not make a simple salad C．can follow homemade videos D．can understand metaphorical language 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段Aloimonos的话可知，该机器人目前还不能理解比喻性的语言。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可推知，Aloimonos可能认为目前该机器人还不能完全消化它学的东西，应选择A项。‎ ‎7．Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________.‎ A．they can easily follow fixed programs B．they are smart enough to learn cooking C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch D．predetermined instructions are not flexible 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的前两句“But why teach a robot ...a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.”可知，教机器人理解视频是因为预定指令不够灵活，应选择D项。‎ ‎8．Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A．Robots Creating a New World B．Robots Making Cooking Videos C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了通过观看视频学做饭的机器人，因此C项是最佳标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Most of us believe that we know ourselves better than anyone else in this world. But a lot of people are still strangers to themselves. Why? __1__ If you are one of those who are struggling to know yourself better, these steps will guide you.‎ Take a moment to write down things that you know “very well” about yourself — your interests, likes, hobbies, strengths, weaknesses, hopes, fears, dreams, etc. __2__ By creating a list of your personal characteristics that you are familiar with, you are keeping yourself in touch with yourself.‎ ‎__3__ This is another way to know yourself better. The Internet has ‎ a rich source of free online personality and psychological assessments and tests. By answering them, you will understand more about how you think, make decisions, interact with people, do things, choose your mate, live your life, etc.‎ Know yourself better by understanding people's judgement on you. __4__ Sometimes, you think you know yourself enough, but other people who see you from their point of view can offer you some insights (了解) about how you act and get understood by others.‎ ‎__5__It's a lifetime process. Every day you will be given new insights about yourself. Writing a journal will help you keep track of these new discoveries. Maintaining that hunger to know yourself better will make you more selfaware, opening up new opportunities to enrich your life.‎ A．Keep on learning who you are.‎ B．Take personality and psychological tests.‎ C．Get more information on personalities to build up your confidence.‎ D．Reflect on these qualities and find out how they have an effect on your life.‎ E．In order to have a balanced and happy life, you should know yourself well.‎ F．Pay attention to what your family, friends and coworkers observe and say about you.‎ G．Not everyone is courageous enough to travel the path within to achieve a better selfunderstanding.‎ ‎1．选G　本句回答了为什么很多人对自己不了解这一问题，即并不是所有的人都有勇气走进自己的内心以便更好地了解自我，所以选G项。‎ ‎2．选D　本选项中的“these qualities”既指上文中提到的那些个性品质，也指下句中的“personal characteristics”，所以选D项。‎ ‎3．选B　由本段的内容可知该段提出了要进行个性和心理测试的建议，所以选B项。‎ ‎4．选F　本选项是对主旨句的进一步阐明，注意家人、朋友和同事对你的评价。‎ ‎5．选A　由本段的内容可知了解自己是一个持续不断的过程，所以此处选A项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·石家庄高三教学质检二)Yesterday I was walking to the classroom when a card with a key lies on the ground catches my eye. I picked it up, finding that it was a canteen card or there was no name on it, only the card number. I was puzzling how I could return it to the owner. Sudden a good idea hit me — I could turn to the canteen staff for help. A worker in the canteen referred to the record and eventually found the owner name and class. Immediately, I went to the class and returned a card to the owner. She thanked for me again and again, expressing his appreciation. Saying goodbye, I went back attend my class.‎ 答案：第一句：lies→lying; catches→caught 第二句：or→but 第三句：puzzling→puzzled 第四句：Sudden→Suddenly 第五句：owner→owner's 第六句：a→the 第七句：去掉for; his→her 第八句：back后加to Topic 4　Cloning (Book 8·Unit 2)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?‎ Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also ‎ happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is these are both examples of natural clones.‎ Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure works like this：‎ ‎1　Female sheep A provides an egg cell.‎ ‎2　The nucleus is removed from the egg cell.‎ ‎3　The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus.‎ ‎4　Female sheep B provides a somatic cell for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes ‎5　The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell.‎ ‎6　The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity.‎ ‎7　The cell divides and grows into an embryo.‎ ‎8　The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier of the clone.‎ ‎9　The lamb is the clone of the donated cell from Sheep B which provided the nucleus.‎ On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older ‎ animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？”‎ On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.‎ Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.‎ ‎❶that引导表语从句 ‎❷while“而，却”，表对比 ‎❸过去分词短语作后置定语 ‎❹时间副词then引导完全倒装句；that从句为同位语从句 ‎❺现在分词短语作后置定语 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．commercial adj.　　　　 商业的；贸易的 ‎2．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 ‎3．arbitrary adj. 任意的 ‎4．moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的 ‎5．conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 ‎6．regulation n. 规则；规章；法规 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的 ‎2．breakthrough n. 突破 ‎3．obtain vt. 获得；赢得 ‎4．attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎5．owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……‎ ‎6．bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 ‎7．vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 ‎8．resist vt. 抵抗；对抗 ‎9．undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担 ‎10．cast vt. 扔；投；掷 ‎11．forbid vt. 禁止；不准 ‎12．strike vt.& vi. 打；撞击；罢工 n. 罢工 ‎13．reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 ‎14．exact adj. 精确的；准确的 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．差异；不同 ‎2．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议 ‎3．accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累 ‎4．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休 ‎5．assumption n．假定；设想→assume vt.假定；设想 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_he settled down in a remote village. (retire)‎ ‎2．From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)‎ ‎3．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)‎ ‎4．Don't assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumption any more.(assume)‎ ‎ [短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎2．cast_down 使失望；使沮丧；不愉快 ‎3．object_to 反对 ‎4．in_favour_of 赞成；支持 ‎5．(be)_bound_to_(do)_... 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎6．strike_...into_one's_heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎7．from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔 ‎8．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活 ‎9．in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机 ‎10．in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．The athlete's years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.‎ ‎2．Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success.‎ ‎3．The house is really in_poor_condition — it would cost far too much to repair.‎ ‎4．In making scientific experiments, we should not be cast_down by ‎ temporary setbacks.‎ ‎5．His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job, but their efforts were in_vain.‎ ‎6．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death.‎ ‎7．Jack wanted to be informed from_time_to_time how Jane was getting along.‎ ‎8．Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year. ‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ ‎[解读]　then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　接着传来了屠呦呦，一位中国女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。‎ Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Tu Youyou, a Chinese woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.‎ ‎2．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ ‎[解读]　The advantage is that ...“其优点是……”， that引导表语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　网上购物的好处是你足不出户就可以买到你想要的一切。‎ The_advantage_of_shopping_online_is_that you can get everything you want without going outside.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．object vi.反对；不赞成 ‎[经典例句]　Unless our manager objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.‎ 我们愿意接受汤姆为我们的成员，除非经理反对他加入本俱乐部。‎ ‎(1)object to sb./sth.　　　 反对；不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎(2)objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成 have/make/raise an objection to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 对(做)某事提出异议或反对 ‎(3)objective adj. 客观的；真实的 ‎①However, others strongly object to owning (own) private cars.‎ 然而，其他人强烈反对拥有私家车。‎ ‎②I have no objection (object) to the plan, so long as it would not cost too much.‎ 我不反对这个计划，只要它不会花费太多钱。‎ ‎③You should stop blaming yourself and be more objective (object) about your ability, which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.‎ 你应该更客观地看待自己的能力，而不是一味地自责，我觉得这样才能增强你的自信心。‎ ‎[名师指津]　object表示“反对”时，是不及物动词，加宾语时需要加to。‎ ‎2．forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准 ‎[教材原句]　Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning ...‎ 有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究……‎ forbid sb. sth.　　　　　　　 禁止某人某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth.＝ forbid sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎ 禁止某人做某事 ‎①My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.‎ 我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。‎ ‎②It is high time we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!‎ 是我们禁止在城市区域燃放烟花的时候了。‎ ‎③In some Chinese restaurants, customers are forbidden to_bring (bring) their own alcohol and drinks.‎ 在中国一些餐馆，客人不可以自带酒水。‎ ‎[名师指津]　forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。‎ ‎3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢 ‎[经典例句]　The achievement that I gained is owed to your kind help.‎ 我取得的成就应归功于你的善心帮助。‎ owe sb. sth.＝ owe sth. to sb. 　 欠某人某物 owe ...to ... 把……归功于……‎ owing to 因为；由于 ‎①The teachers owe our success to our hard work.‎ 老师把成功归功于我们的努力。‎ ‎②I owed_him_a_favour/a_favour_to_him so I couldn't say no.‎ 我欠他一个人情，所以我没法拒绝。‎ ‎③Due to (＝Owing_to) the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.‎ 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。‎ ‎[名师指津]　如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用“owe it to do/that ...”结构。‎ ‎4．bother vt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 ‎[经典例句]　Some people don't bother to turn off the taps after using running water.‎ 有一些人在使用自来水后不操心关掉水龙头。‎ ‎(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do/doing sth. 　　 费心做某事 bother oneself to do sth. 费心做某事 bother oneself about (doing)sth. 费心(做)某事 It bothers sb. that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是 ‎(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱 give sb. bother 给某人添麻烦 have bother (in) doing sth. 做某事费劲 why bother 没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦 ‎①I'm sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion.‎ 在这种情况下，我还问了你这么多问题，真抱歉给你添麻烦了。‎ ‎②He won't come, so why bother inviting/to_invite (invite) him?‎ 他不会来的，为什么还要费心请他呢？‎ ‎③We had quite a lot of bother getting (get) here because of the fog.‎ 因为有雾，我们费了很大劲才到达这儿。‎ ‎5．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证 单句语法填空 ‎①I had to travel here to undertake some training for my job.‎ ‎②He knew the problem was serious and undertook to_look (look) into it immediately he reached the office.‎ ‎6．strike vt.& vi.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时 n．罢工 单句语法填空 ‎①The visitors were_struck (strike) by the beauty of the tourist area.‎ ‎②The dockers (码头工人) are coming out on strike for higher ‎ wages.‎ ‎③It_struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna can't resist taking (take) a closer look at them.‎ ‎2．The organization could undertake to_direct (direct) the distribution of aid.‎ ‎3．Do you know any differences (differ) between British English and American English?‎ ‎4．The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, to_stay (stay) out after 11 pm.‎ ‎5．He has a strong objection to smoking (smoke) in public places, especially with females present.‎ ‎6．Why bother going/to_go (go) abroad to study when there are so many good universities at home?‎ ‎7．Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity of our people.‎ ‎8．Struck (strike) by strong snowstorms, the area faced severe water and electricity shortage.‎ ‎9．Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining (obtain) water is not the least.‎ ‎10．We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house was finished.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Some rules should be made to forbid students of smoking.of→from ‎2．It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.去掉第一个to ‎3．His views differ considerably to those of his parents.to→from ‎4．No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ‎ ago.exact→exactly ‎5．Owe to his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week.Owe→Owing ‎6．Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English.object后加to Ⅲ.一句多译/同义替换/句式升级 ‎1．我突然想起我把她的生日给忘了。‎ ‎①It_struck_me_suddenly_that I had forgotten her birthday.(strike)‎ ‎②It_hit_me_suddenly_that I had forgotten her birthday.(hit)‎ ‎③It_occurred_to_me_that I had forgotten her birthday.(occur)‎ ‎2．At first he was opposed to (＝objected_to) our suggestion, but we managed to bring him round.‎ ‎3．His recovery was mainly because of the help from a man he had never met.(用owe ...to ...升级本句)‎ ‎→He owed_his_recovery_to the help from a man he had never met.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎[教材原句]　But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep.‎ 但是，决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。‎ pay back　　　　　　 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报 pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 pay attention to 注意；留心 ‎①I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay_off.‎ 我也希望我付出的努力能得到好结果。‎ ‎②He can't pay_for the TV set at the moment.‎ 他现在还不能给这台电视机付款。‎ ‎③Will you please pay_a_visit_to Tianjin again so that we may meet again？(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ 你可以再次参观天津，以便于我们可以再次相见吗？‎ ‎2．in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ ‎[经典例句]　The car is in good condition, looking like the newly bought one.‎ 这辆车状况良好，就跟新买的一样。‎ out of condition　　　　 健康状况欠佳 on this condition 在此条件下 on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，主句用部分倒装语序)‎ on condition that ... 只要；如果 ‎①My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is in_good_condition now.‎ 我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，她现在身体状况很好。‎ ‎②You may use this computer, as long as (＝ on_condition_that) you able to use it properly so as not to damage it.‎ 你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能恰当地使用它且不弄坏它。‎ ‎③The teacher always reminds us, “On no condition can_we_give_up our dreams.”‎ 老师总是告诫我们“我们决不放弃我们的梦想”。‎ ‎3．The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ The advantage is that ...“优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。‎ The chance is that ...　　　　　　 有可能……‎ The problem (of ...) is that ... (……的)问题是……‎ The strength (of ...) is that ... (……的)优势是……‎ The drawback (of ...) is that ... (……的)缺点是……‎ The disadvantage (of ...) is that ... (……的)不足是……‎ ‎①The_advantage/strength_of_cycling_to_work_is_that we can live a lowcarbon life.‎ 骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。‎ ‎②The_drawback/disadvantage_of_the_popularity_of_cars_is_that it brings about so much air pollution.‎ 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。‎ ‎③It is possible (＝The_chance_is) that one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.‎ 有可能四个中有一个吸烟者会死于肺癌。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用pay的短语填空 ‎①Would you like to pay_a_visit_to us whenever you are free?‎ ‎②How much did you pay_for all these things?‎ ‎③Have you paid_off all the money that you borrowed from your sister?‎ ‎④We don't mind if you are going to pay_back what we are doing for you in the future.‎ ‎2．用condition的短语填空 ‎①On_no_condition will we accept such unfair condition.‎ ‎②You can use the bicycle on_condition_that you return it tomorrow.‎ ‎③The man's health is in_poor_condition and he has to stay at home all day.‎ Ⅱ.翻译或补全句子 ‎1．我们听到消息，他赢得了比赛。(that同位语从句)‎ We_heard_the_news_that_he_had_won_the_game.‎ ‎2．现在的优势是我们对医学懂得更多了。(that引导的表语从句)‎ The_advantage_is_that_we_know_more_about_medicine_today.‎ ‎3．我的多数同学都想去公园而我想去参观博物馆。 (while并列句)‎ Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_visit_a_museum.‎ ‎4．然后传来一个好消息——我通过了驾驶考试。(then完全倒装句)‎ Then_came_the_good_news that I passed the driving test.‎ ‎5．我们讨论了是否要开一个会。(whether宾语从句)‎ We discussed whether_we_should_hold_a_meeting.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 resist， differ， breakthrough， in favor of， forbid， be bound to do， cast down， morally， reasonable， undertake， pay off， obtain ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①说到克隆，人们有不同的看法。‎ When it comes to cloning, people's_ideas_differ.‎ ‎②一些人支持它的发展，因为他们认为它一定使我们受益。‎ Some people are_in_favour_of_its_development,_for they believe it will be_bound_to_benefit_us.‎ ‎③克隆有一个好处——患有某种罕见疾病的人在将来可能会被治愈。‎ Cloning has an advantage that_people_who_suffer_a_certain_rare_disease_can_be_cured_in_the_future.‎ ‎④有些人感觉很沮丧，因为他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。‎ Some feel_cast_down because they think it is not morally_reasonable and should_be_forbidden.‎ ‎⑤实际上许多国家从事这个课题并获得重大的突破。‎ Actually many countries undertake_it and obtain_great_breakthroughs.‎ ‎⑥所以我们无法抗拒它。‎ So we are_unable_to_resist_it.‎ ‎⑦我认为，只要所有人都保证合理应用，克隆将会取得成功。‎ I think cloning will pay_off as long as all undertake_to_use_it_properly.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用表语从句改写句③‎ The_advantage_of_cloning_is_that_people_who_suffer_a_certain_rare_disease_can_be_cured_in_the_future.‎ ‎(2)用高级词汇替换句⑦中的斜体部分 In_my_opinion,_cloning_will_pay_off_as_long_as_all_undertake_to_use_it_properly.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 When_it_comes_to_cloning,_people's_ideas_differ._Some_people_are_in_favour_of_its_development,_for_they_believe_it_will_be_bound_to_benefit_us._The_advantage_of_cloning_is_that_people_who_suffer_a_certain_rare_disease_can_be_cured_in_the_future._Some_feel_cast_down_because_they_think_it_is_not_morally_reasonable_and_should_be_forbidden._Actually_many_countries_undertake_it_and_obtain_great_breakthroughs._So_we_are_unable_to_resist_it._In_my_opinion,_cloning_will_pay_off_as_long_as_all_undertake_to_use_it_properly.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——表语复杂的简单句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may ‎ die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 本句是表语复杂的简单句。that引导的是表语从句；该从句中又包含if引导的条件状语从句；主句是but连接的两个并列句。‎ 在难以获得饮用水的地区，自制一个太阳能蒸馏器是最好的获取饮用水的方法之一。‎ 真题长难句 A buildityourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D)‎ 本句是表语复杂的简单句。本句的表语是“one of the best ways”； 其后动词不定式“to obtain drinking water in areas”是它的定语；该定语中又包含where引导的定语从句，先行词是areas。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 克隆动物 ‎301‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·东北三省三校第一次联考)Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected. That's nothing more than a fiction.‎ But could we really clone endangered animals?‎ To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however,‎ ‎ Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.‎ Next, could we really clone extinct animals?‎ In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a wellkept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother.‎ In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, it's not likely that extinct animals' DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning such extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?‎ Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in today's world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.‎ 语篇解读：本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难与障碍。即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的食物链也已经被破坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。‎ ‎1．It can be learned from the text that ________.‎ A．the gaur is an extinct species B．the gaur lives in Asia and is endangered C．scientists have cloned the African bongo antelope D．both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。‎ ‎2．The underlined words “a surrogate mother” probably refer to a ‎ female who ________.‎ A．gives birth to a baby of its own B．cannot give birth to a baby C．gives birth to a baby for another female D．provides DNA 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的是，把一种动物的DNA提取出来之后，在另外一种动物的体内进行胚胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为a surrogate mother，由此判断，画线部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of ________.‎ A．both the wellpreserved DNA and a surrogate mother B．both the habitat to live in and the wellpreserved DNA C．both the wellpreserved DNA and plants to live on D．both the habitat to live in and plants to live on 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“On the one hand ... On the other hand ...”两个方面的表述可知，克隆的困难在于一是要寻找灭绝动物的保存完好的DNA，二是要寻找到合适的代孕的物种，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．In the author's opinion, it is possible that ________.‎ A．all the extinct species may be cloned B．extinct species may be cloned and easily survive C．a gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate mother D．some extinct species may be cloned, but not survive 解析：选D　细节理解题。本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存的食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。由此判断D项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 克隆少女 ‎309‎ ‎7分钟 Here on the island of Demesne, the humans call us “clones”. I call ‎ myself Elysia, because that's what Dr. Lusardi told me to call myself. I started to exist just weeks ago. But I am a sixteenyearold girl with no soul (灵魂). I know nothing of my First, the girl I was cloned from.‎ We entered a private room, just me, the fancy lady Mrs. Bratton, and Marisa.‎ The fancy lady pushes me with one of her fingers as one might poke (戳) a piece of fruit at the market. She gently pokes my flesh. She presses her hands against my back to test its firmness.‎ ‎“She's attractive，” she says.‎ Marisa warns her, “Mrs. Bratton, she is a Beta (a new product being tested by users). Dr. Lusardi has not perfected the teen line yet.”‎ ‎“I guess that will be reflected (体现) in the price，” says Mrs. Bratton.‎ ‎“Of course，” Marisa says. “Dr. Lusardi will be thrilled to know someone is willing to take a chance on a teen Beta.”‎ Mrs. Bratton looks at me, “What's your name, dear？”‎ ‎“Elysia，” I say.‎ ‎“I think you might make a wonderful addition to our household, Elysia. We're so badly missing a teenage girl ever since Astrid, my eldest, went off to Biome University，” she says sadly.‎ ‎“Congratulations，” I say, because I know that's the appropriate thing to say to a parent whose child has studied in a wellknown university. “You must be very proud.”‎ Mrs. Bratton's face brightens. “I am! But Astrid's so hardworking that she seldom comes back to visit us. We miss her a lot. Would you like to come to my family？”‎ ‎“Yes, ma'am，” I say.‎ Marisa sends me back into the store when she finishes the negotiations (协商) with Mrs. Bratton. I am to pick out some nice clothing to take to ‎ my new home, where I shall serve my new owner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选了一个科幻故事的片段：一位母亲打算从商店购买一位克隆少女。‎ ‎5．After entering the private room, the fancy lady ________.‎ A．makes the introductions B．checks the clone's quality C．offers some fruit to the guests D．exchanges greetings with others 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The fancy lady pushes me ... to test its firmness.”可知，进入房间之后，这位女士开始检查这个克隆人的质量。‎ ‎6．Why is Mrs. Bratton so proud?‎ A．Astrid studies very hard.‎ B．She is going to visit Astrid.‎ C．She can buy something at the store.‎ D．Her daughter Astrid has entered Biome University.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三至五段可知，当听到Elysia说恭喜后，本因女儿离开家而难过的Mrs. Bratton顿时开心起来，由此推测她是为女儿考入名校而感到自豪。‎ ‎7．Who will be Elysia's new owner?‎ A．Dr. Lusardi.　　　　 　B．Marisa.‎ C．Mrs. Bratton. D．Astrid.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。通读全文可知，检查克隆人Elysia质量的Mrs. Bratton将成为她的新主人。‎ ‎8．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．A research paper. B．A personal diary.‎ C．An advertisement. D．A science fiction story.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。本文主人公Elysia是一位会说话的克隆人，故本文可能选自某科幻故事。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he __1__ his watch in his own store. It was __2__ to him because it was from his wife. After searching __3__ in the store for a long while, he __4__ to ask for help from a group of children playing outside the store. He __5__ them that the person who found it would be rewarded. __6__ this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the __7__ store, but still could not find the watch.‎ Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to __8__. A little boy went up to him and asked for another __9__. The man looked at him and thought, “Why not? __10__， this kid looks sincere enough.”__11__ the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy __12__ with the watch in his hand! The man was very __13__， and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had __14__. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat on the ground and __15__. Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声) of the watch and just looked for it in that __16__.”‎ We usually think about our own needs, which can't bring peace into our mind. __17__ we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a __18__ result. So allow a few minutes of __19__ to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make __20__ as you expect to!‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要。‎ ‎1．A.lost B．broke C．hid D．fixed 解析：选A　由该段的“searching”，“found”以及“still could not find the watch”可知，他把表弄“丢了(lost)”。‎ ‎2．A.close B．strange C．similar D．important 解析：选D　由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知，这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”。‎ ‎3．A.young and old B．heavy and light C．high and low D．black and white 解析：选C　这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍。‎ ‎4．A.forgot B．decided C．agreed D．learned 解析：选B　由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知，他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙。‎ ‎5．A.warned B．taught C．worried D．promised 解析：选D　由该空后的“the person who found it would be rewarded”可知，他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”：谁找到了表，就有奖赏。‎ ‎6．A.Hearing B．Seeing C．Wearing D．Feeling 解析：选A　“听到(Hearing)”他的承诺，孩子们冲进了店里。‎ ‎7．A.big B．dirty C．whole D．busy 解析：选C　孩子们为了找到表，搜遍了“整个(whole)”店。‎ ‎8．A.set off B．give up C．calm down D．show off 解析：选B　由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知，他想要“放弃(give up)”了。‎ ‎9．A.date B．reason C．meeting D．chance 解析：选D　由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”。‎ ‎10．A.After all B．So far C．At first D．As usual 解析：选A　由该空前后内容可知，这里是说：为什么不呢？“毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚。‎ ‎11．A.But B．Or C．So D．Unless 解析：选C　老人认为这个孩子真诚，因此又让他进了店，前后是因果关系，故填So。‎ ‎12．A.ran away B．came out C．fell down D．went back 解析：选B　由上文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，过了一会儿，小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了。‎ ‎13．A.angry B．proud C．nervous D．surprised 解析：选D　看到自己的表被找到了，这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”。‎ ‎14．A.failed B．finished C．regretted D．doubted 解析：选A　由上文内容可知，其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了，故填failed。‎ ‎15．A.played B．waited C．listened D．watched 解析：选C　由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声) of the watch”可知，这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”。‎ ‎16．A.station B．direction C．situation D．darkness 解析：选B　听到手表的嘀嗒声，然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”找去。‎ ‎17．A.Luckily B．Possibly C．Besides D．Instead 解析：选D　我们往往只考虑自己的需求，这样就无法让我们的心平静下来。“相反(Instead)”，我们应该从自身的角度去想一想，这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果。‎ ‎18．A.clear B．good C．direct D．natural 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.silence B．exercise C．pleasure D．conversation 解析：选A　由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知，这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”。‎ ‎20．A.noises B．sense C．progress D．mistakes 解析：选C　由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知，这里是说取得“进步(progress)”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 According to The Sunday Times of London, which looked at lifestyle __1__ (choice) of over 500,000 Britons between the ages of 37 and 73, driving for more than two hours each day can __2__ (steady) decrease the IQ of middleaged drivers.‎ When looking at the data of the 93,000 participants __3__ drove more than two hours per day, the study found a__4__ (notice) drop in brainpower — the ability to think, __5__ (measure) by intelligence and memory tests. The study found similar results among participants __6__ (take) part in several hours' similarly sedentary (久坐不动的) activity, __7__ television watching.‎ ‎“IQ decline is measurable over five years because it can happen fast in middleaged and older people. This __8__ (associate) with lifestyle factors such as smoking and bad diet — and now with time spent driving，” Kishan Bakrania told The Sunday Times.‎ If you think that the way to improve your IQ __9__ (be) through brain games, think again. Just try and avoid those long hours on the road if possible, and if you happen to have free time on your way to and off work, be sure to use __10__ wisely.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究：每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。‎ ‎1．choices　根据语境可知，The Sunday Times研究了五十多万个37至73岁的英国人对生活方式的选择。choice“选择”‎ 是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用复数形式choices。‎ ‎2．steadily　每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。此处应用副词steadily修饰动词decrease。‎ ‎3．who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是participants，故填关系代词who/that。‎ ‎4．noticeable　根据语境可知，这个研究发现每天开车两个小时以上的参与者的智力出现了明显的下降。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“drop”可知，此处应填形容词noticeable。‎ ‎5．measured　分析句子结构可知，measure与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词measured作后置定语。‎ ‎6．taking　take part in与其逻辑主语participants之间是主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．like　此处列举了看电视这样的久坐活动。like“例如，像”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．is associated　这与像吸烟和不良饮食这样的生活方式因素之间有联系。associate与This(指IQ decline)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据前一句中的“is”及此处陈述的客观事实可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is associated。‎ ‎9．is　如果你认为可以通过智力游戏来提高智商的话，重新考虑一下吧。句子的主语是the way，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is。‎ ‎10．it　如果你正好在上下班路上有空闲时间，那么确保好好利用它。此处指代上文中的“free time”，故填it。‎ Topic 5　Inventors and inventions (Book 8·Unit 3)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. “There are some snakes in our courtyard，” she told me. “Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. Can you get rid of them please？” I felt very proud. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not ‎ harm them. I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!‎ The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but A new approach was clearly needed. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution easier.‎ I decided on three possible approaches: firstly, removing their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught. I decided to use the last one. I bought an icecream maker which was made of stainless steel. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours. At the same time I prepared some icecubes.‎ The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the icecubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool. Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket. Then I waited. After two hours I removed the bucket and the bowl. The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for me. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. So I had to adjust my plan.‎ For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the icecubes again but placed them over the snakes' habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool. Then as before, I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight. Early the next morning I returned to see the result. This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy. But once picked up, they tried to bite me. As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.‎ My third attempt repeated the second procedure. The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. I collected the passive snakes and the next day we merrily released them all back into the wild.‎ I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. In addition, no invention will get a patent if it is：‎ ‎·a discovery ‎·a scientific idea or mathematical model ‎·literature or art ‎·a game or a business ‎·a computer programme ‎·a new animal or plant variety been made to find out that your product really is different There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. If it passes all the tests, your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply. So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office. Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping. You'll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance! Wish me luck!‎ ‎❶there seem to be ...“似乎有……”‎ ‎❷过去分词短语作时间状语 ‎❸过去分词短语作原因状语 ‎❹Nor位于句首，主句需要部分倒装；until引导时间状语从句 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．patent n．　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 ‎2．criterion n. (评判的)标准；尺度 ‎3．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 ‎4．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 ‎5．competence n. 能力；胜任；本领 ‎6．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 ‎2．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎3．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档 ‎4．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎5．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎6．tap vt.&vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 ‎7．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎8．court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.杰出的；卓越的→distinction n．差别；对比 ‎2．merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless adj ‎.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 ‎3．product n．产品→produce vt.生产；制造→production n．生产；产量 ‎4．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地 ‎5．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地；方便地 ‎6．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎7．expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect vt.预料；期待；期望；认为→unexpected adj.出乎意料的→unexpectedly adv.意外地 ‎8．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真；清白 ‎9．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．协会；社团；联合；联想；联系→associated adj.有关联的；有联系的 ‎10．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．实践；练习 v．练习；从事→impractical adj.不切实际的；不现实的 ‎11．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution. You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)‎ ‎2．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)‎ ‎3．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them.(associate)‎ ‎4．The products which have been produced in our factory fail to meet the demand. So we are planning to expand production.(product)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．call_up　　　　　　　　　 给……打电话；使想起 ‎2．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 ‎3．set_about 开始；着手 ‎4．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎5．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)‎ ‎6．hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎7．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎8．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过 ‎9．ring_back 回复电话 ‎10．ring_off 挂断电话 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．He has been diving_into the history of Chinese literature.‎ ‎2．Having made up his mind, he set_about carrying out the plan.‎ ‎3．It's the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through many hardships and survive.‎ ‎4．If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.‎ ‎5．I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out.‎ ‎6．When you were out, John rang up, and he wanted you to ring_him back.‎ ‎7．Someone called_up from downtown and asked to see you at five.‎ ‎8．The girl goes to visit her English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ ‎(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。‎ ‎[解读]　so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。‎ His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent.‎ ‎2．Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it，you ‎ will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。‎ ‎[解读]　本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。‎ ‎[仿写]　认真思考，不停地探索，那么你才会有新的发现。‎ Think seriously, explore constantly, and_you_will_have_a_new_discovery.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎[教材原句]　Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.‎ 这回我有机会来表现一下我自己了，我要发明某种慈悲的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。‎ ‎(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as ...) (作为……)而出名 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 ‎①They can even distinguish their mother's voice_from that of a female stranger.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 他们甚至能把母亲的声音与其他陌生雌鸟的声音区分开来。‎ ‎②As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.‎ 众所周知，郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。‎ ‎③Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.‎ 诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。‎ ‎2．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 ‎[经典例句]　I cannot bear the noise of my neighbor's radio; it distracts me from my work.‎ 我不能忍受邻居收音机的声音，它让我工作走神儿。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中bear的含义 ‎①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担 ‎②He can't bear being laughed at in public.忍受 ‎③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ‎④Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实 ‎(1)can't bear doing/to do sth.　　 不能忍受做某事 can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth. 不能忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that ... 记住……‎ ‎⑤I can't bear young people casting/to_cast (cast) away their youth.‎ 我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。‎ ‎⑥Please bear/keep_in_mind:_Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.‎ 请牢记：成功源于勤奋，而懒惰导致失败。‎ ‎3．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺 同义替换/单句语法填空 ‎①I'll grasp every chance (＝ seize_every_chance) to speak English so that I can develop an instinctive (直觉的) feel for the English language.‎ ‎②The frightened girl seized her mother by the arm tightly when she saw a fierce dog approaching her.‎ ‎4．associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴，伙伴 单句语法填空 ‎①If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely ‎ going to achieve success.‎ ‎②There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.‎ ‎③We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong.‎ ‎2．The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.‎ ‎3．Whether or not the secretary will be fired is at the mercy (merciful) of her boss.‎ ‎4．I believe that you are innocent (innocence), and I'll stand up for you anywhere.‎ ‎5．We all have an expectation (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.‎ ‎6．We must always bear in mind that China is a big country with a huge population.‎ ‎7．The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists.‎ ‎8．When you come to school, please visit my office at your convenience (convenient)．‎ ‎9．I have filled in the form and filed (file) my patent application with the Patent Office.‎ ‎10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.去掉with ‎2．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.Distinguishing→Distinguished ‎3．The teacher's abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.abruptly→abrupt ‎4．The new government must set out finding solutions to the country's economic problems.out→about ‎5．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.frozen→freezing ‎6．We could hear a woman singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/同义替换 ‎1．我们必须牢记有很多东西远比金钱重要。‎ ‎①We must remember_that a lot of things are far more important than money.‎ ‎②We must bear/keep_in_mind_that a lot of things are far more important than money.‎ ‎2．赚很多钱通常与生意成功有联系。(associate)‎ Making a lot of money is_usually_associated_with business success.‎ ‎3．The twins are so alike that no one can hardly tell (＝distinguish) them from.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．call up给……打电话；使想起 ‎[教材原句]　When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.‎ 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，在电话上她感到很不安。‎ call at　　　　　　 拜访(某个地点)‎ call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)‎ call in 邀请；请来 call back 回电话 ‎①The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of his childhood.‎ 海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。‎ ‎②Their travel plan was called_off because of the bad weather.‎ 因为天气不好，他们的旅行计划取消了。‎ ‎③Success in school calls for much hard work.‎ 在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。‎ ‎[联想发散]　与“打电话”有关的短语还有：‎ ‎①ring up　　　　　　　　 给……打电话 ‎②ring/call back 回复电话 ‎③ring off 挂断电话 ‎④give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话 ‎⑤hang/hold on 不挂断电话 ‎2．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 ‎[经典例句]　I've been trying to ring up for a long time and I couldn't get through.‎ 我试着拨了很长时间的电话，但总是接不通。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中get through的含义 ‎①My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning.设法做完 ‎②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话 ‎③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过 ‎④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 get (sth.) across (to sb.) (使某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展 get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 get up 起床 ‎⑤He felt very ashamed to get_away_with a fine for such a serious mistake.‎ 逃脱了这么严重错误的惩罚，他感到非常羞愧。‎ ‎3．Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you_will_have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。‎ 本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。‎ ‎(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。‎ ‎(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。‎ ‎(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句。‎ ‎①Follow your doctor's advice, and_you_will_get_better_soon.‎ 接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。‎ ‎②Don't leave your bike here, or/or_else/otherwise__you_will_be_fined.‎ 不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。‎ ‎③It is really very dangerous. One more step, and_the_baby_will_fall_into_the_well.‎ 真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。‎ ‎[名师指津]　上述方框中各结构后面的陈述句多用“一般将来时态”。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用call的短语填空 ‎①As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.‎ ‎②This is a problem that calls_for immediate solution.‎ ‎③Last night I called_on/upon Mr. Black and had a long talk.‎ ‎④—Someone called you just now.‎ ‎—I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called_back,_there was no answer.‎ ‎2．用get的短语填空 ‎①After Christmas I'm going to get_down_to some serious jobhunting.‎ ‎②My grandmother usually gets_up early in the morning and does exercise.‎ ‎③The news was a terrible blow to her, but she would get_over the shock soon.‎ ‎④We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．早上丢失了一小时，你就得在一天剩下的时间里努力寻找这一小时。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)‎ Lose one hour in the morning, and_you_will_be_looking_for_it the rest of the day.‎ ‎2．只有这样做，我们才能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方。(倒装)‎ Only_by_doing_so_can_we help to make the world a better place.‎ ‎3．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so ...that ...)‎ Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_that_he_was_remembered_by Chinese forever.‎ ‎4．我们必须牢记是共产党领导我们走向胜利的。(强调主语)‎ We must keep in mind that it is the Communist Party that_leads_us_to_victory.‎ ‎5．似乎没什么可以做的了，只有派人去请医生。(there seem to do ...)‎ There_seemed_to_be_nothing_left to do but send for the doctor.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①Philip先生是一个谨慎的美国蔬菜水果商，他发明了一款新式的自行车。‎ Mr. Philip was a_cautious_American_greengrocer. He invented a new style of bike.‎ ‎②他给专利局打电话为他的新产品申请专利。不久，他就获得了专利。‎ He called_up the patent office to_apply_for_a_patent for his new product. Soon, he got_the_patent for his new product.‎ ‎③但是，后来在实际使用过程中，他发现他的新产品没有达到标准。‎ But later he found his_new_product_didn't_live_up_to_the_criteria in the process of practical use.‎ ‎④他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。‎ He began to seize_the_chance_to_improve his new bike.‎ ‎⑤他忍受了别人的指责，期望自己的产品能经受得住检验。‎ He bore_others'_blame and was in the expectation_that his new product could bear_the_test.‎ ‎⑥这样，他的收入得到了稳定的增长。‎ In this way, his income had_a_stable_increase.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用定语从句升级句①‎ Mr._Philip_was_a_cautious_American_greengrocer_who_invented_a_new_style_of_bike.‎ ‎(2)用本单元词汇替换下面句子中的斜体部分 He began to seize the chance to improve his new bike.‎ ‎→He set_about_seizing the chance to improve his new bike.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： at once)‎ Mr. Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new ‎ style of bike. At once, he called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product. Soon, he got the patent for his new product. But later he found his new product didn't live up to the criteria in the process of practical use. He set about seizing the chance to improve his new bike. He bore others' blame and was in the expectation that his new product could bear the test. In this way, his income had a stable increase.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——状语复杂的简单句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas — and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.‎ 本句是状语复杂的简单句。when引导的是时间状语从句。该状语从句又包含一个带破折号附带说明的句子。‎ 对于许多老人，尤其是那些独居或在乡下的老人，驾驶对于他们保持独立很重要，给予他们出行的自由而不用考虑指望其他人。‎ 真题长难句 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D)‎ 本句是状语复杂的简单句。主句是driving is important for preserving their independence，句中For many older people是介词短语作状语，those living alone or in the country是people的同位语；giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on ‎ others是结果状语。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 购物车的发明 ‎336‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·石家庄高三教学质检)Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chromeplated_contraptions many miles. But few will know — or even think to ask — who it was that invented them.‎ Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.‎ One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.‎ On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.‎ But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.‎ After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. “Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.‎ But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great ‎ success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假的) customers.‎ As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come — those who came bought more. With larger easiertohandle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.‎ Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 — the coming of the shopping cart.‎ ‎1．What do the underlined words “chromeplated contraptions” in the first paragraph refer to?‎ A．Baskets.　　　　　　　 　B．Private cars.‎ C．Suitcases. D．Shopping carts.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“... a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart.”可以得出，画线词的意思是购物手推车。‎ ‎2．What was the purpose of Goldman's invention?‎ A．It was to prove him to be a good inventor.‎ B．It was to reduce the burden of his employees' work.‎ C．It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.‎ D．It was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.”可知，C项正确。‎ ‎3．Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order to ________.‎ A．attract people to buy things in his market B．encourage people to use his shopping carts C．make his market different from the others D．keep the groceries from being stolen 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“persuade people to give them a try”可知，他雇一些人假装顾客在超市里面推购物车的目的是想鼓励人们使用他的购物车。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．Goldman will become very famous because of his invention.‎ B．Goldman's invention will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.‎ C．Supermarket business has benefited a lot from Goldman's invention.‎ D．There will be nothing that can replace Goldman's invention.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，现今购物车是Goldman发明的购物车的五倍大，那就可能是美国人今天的购物花费是购物车发明之前的五倍的一个原因。由此可推断出，超市的生意从Goldman的发明中受益匪浅。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 防止疲劳驾驶的装置 ‎317‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)Nearly every driver has experienced that feeling of great tiredness, where it becomes almost impossible to stay awake at the wheel. 14yearold Katherine Wu is too young to have experienced this situation firsthand. However, she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back from their family vacations in Florida to their home in Maryland. Her mom had to talk to her dad all the way.‎ ‎“So I created a tool that can be used instead of my mom talking to my dad to make sure he stays awake and is safe，” she says. ‎ Her invention, “Driver's Companion”， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road.‎ The user wears a headset (耳机), which sends information about the driver's brain waves (脑电波) to a tiny computer. The computer can be placed in front of the driver. The system then gives warnings, if needed. As the driver becomes sleepier, red color will be shown to warn him or her. The driver will also hear messages warning him to get off the road. The machine can say, “You're tired. Please take a break.”‎ After sending her invention to the 2014 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, Wu was chosen as a finalist and was able to work with Dr. Jesse Miller, who is a product development specialist.‎ ‎“He helped me understand how important it is to make sure that my invention worked for the people who were using it and that it was userfriendly，” Wu says.‎ As a young scientist, Wu has some advice for other students of her age: “I would like to tell them that they should choose something they're interested in. So they'll be willing to spend more time on it and enjoy working on it more. Also, when there's difficulty, they should just continue working hard because they'll get over it.”‎ ‎5．Why did Wu's mother talk to her dad all the way?‎ A．To prevent an accident.‎ B．To help him feel relaxed.‎ C．To discuss their vacations.‎ D．To make the trip enjoyable.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段中的“she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back”可知，Wu的母亲为了防止意外发生，一路上不断地跟Wu的父亲说话以使其保持清醒，故选A项。‎ ‎6．What is the purpose of “Driver's Companion”？‎ A．To show drivers the way.‎ B．To prevent drunk driving.‎ C．To improve driving skills.‎ D．To help drivers stay awake.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘Driver's Companion’， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road.”可知，“司机伙伴”能够让司机保持清醒，故选D项。‎ ‎7．Which of the following shows how “Driver's Companion” works?‎ A．Sleepiness→Headset→Warnings→Computer B．Sleepiness→Warnings→Headset→Computer C．Sleepiness→Headset→Computer→Warnings D．Sleepiness→Computer→Headset→Warnings 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第四段中的相关内容可知，C项正确描述了“司机伙伴”的工作顺序。‎ ‎8．Wu advises other young students ________.‎ A．to enjoy their lives B．to learn to love science C．not to do dangerous jobs D．not to give up what they love 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“they should choose something they're interested in”和“when there's difficulty ... just continue working hard because they'll get over it”可知，Wu建议其他学生要敢于选择自己感兴趣的事情并且要坚持做下去，故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Nowadays, so many people are becoming interested in adventurous trips in the wild. No one intentionally gets lost in the wild, but circumstances such as weather conditions or medical emergencies may require the use of wilderness survival. __1__ Here are some of the tips：‎ ‎·Remain dry to keep body warm. Do not intentionally get wet. Avoid frostbite (冻伤) by staying out of the wind. __2__ Uncovered skin can become frostbitten in a matter of seconds under the wind conditions.‎ ‎·__3__ Check for other wildlife like bears, snakes before entering the shelter. Build a shelter with branches and ropes. Use as many branches ‎ as possible for added stability and protection against the wind and weather. If you are in a desert environment, try to build an underground shade shelter to avoid sun exposure so you can travel more comfortably in cooler temperatures.‎ ‎·Humans can live without food longer than they do without water. Dig a hole with hands or a stick several feet from a river or lake. Let the hole fill in by itself and use that water to drink. __4__ If not, check the dry river beds at night and it may contain water not found during the day. Conserve water by traveling at night and resting in the shade during the day.‎ ‎·Eat only known plant species. Berries, nuts or fruit will be your first choice. This is not the time to test your wild mushroom knowledge. __5__ If the animals eat it, it is probably safe for humans too. Dig trap holes to catch rabbits or small mammals. Fish and snakes are also available sources of protein that require little hunting skill.‎ A．Maintain protein levels by capturing and eating available meat sources.‎ B．Watch for signs of wildlife.‎ C．Wind is the biggest factor.‎ D．With key survival techniques, a person can survive in the wild until help arrives.‎ E．Boil water for 15 minutes if possible.‎ F．Look for a cave or other natural shelters.‎ G．Follow dry river beds to the water source.‎ 语篇解读：如今，越来越多的人喜欢参加野外冒险。本文就野外求生这一话题给出了四个实用技能。‎ ‎1．选D　本段第一、二句引出wilderness survival这一话题，D项承接上文，指出人需要具备一定的野外求生技能直到救援抵达，再紧接着下一句给出解答“Here are some of the tips”，从而引出文章主旨。‎ ‎2．选C　本段主旨是要保持温暖。由上句中的“staying out of the ‎ wind”和下句中的“under the wind conditions”可知，本段主要讲的是风对野外求生的影响，故选C项。‎ ‎3．选F　由本段多次出现的shelter一词可知，本段与寻找shelter(庇护所)有关，故选F项。‎ ‎4．选G　本段主旨与水相关。G项“沿着干涸的河床走以寻找水源”引出下句“如果不行，就在晚上的时候再检查一遍干涸的河床”，dry river beds为关键信息，故选G项。‎ ‎5．选B　本段主旨与吃相关。B项“注意观察野生动物的迹象”引出下句“如果动物能吃，人类应该也能吃”，前后照应，故选B项。 ‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·河北石家庄一模)Never go into a supermarket hunger! This is a good pieceadvice. If you went shopping for food before lunchtime, you will probably buy more than you plan to. Unfortunate, just this advice isn't enough for consumers. Modern shopper need an education in how to buy things at the store. First, you can check the weekly newspaper ads. Find out the items what are on sale and decide if you really need these things. On other words, don't buy anything just because it's cheap than usual! Second, reading the list of contents on the back. Third, buy ordinary items instead famous brands.‎ 答案：第一句：hunger→hungry 第二句：piece后加of 第三句：went→go 第四句：Unfortunate→Unfortunately 第五句：shopper→shoppers 第七句：what→that/which 第八句：On→In; cheap→cheaper 第九句：reading→read 第十句：instead后加of ‎　‎ ‎“科普知识与现代技术”在高考语篇中多以说明文形式出现，多见于阅读理解题型，偶尔也会以完形填空、写作等题型命题。在阅读中，这类文章往往词汇量大、内容新，不为考生所熟悉，属于较难的一类题材，应引起考生的格外重视。‎ 一、话题与阅读 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京卷·阅读理解D)‎ ‎[1]Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ ‎[2]A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.‎ ‎[3]The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ ‎[4]Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off ” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎1．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.‎ A．run out of human control B．satisfy human's real desires C．command armies of killer robots D．work faster than a mathematician ‎2．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.‎ A．prevent themselves from being destroyed B．achieve their original goals independently C．do anything successfully with given orders D．beat humans in international chess matches ‎3．According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.‎ A．help super intelligent machines work better B．be secure against evil human beings C．keep machines from being harmed D．avoid robots' affecting the world ‎4．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A．It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B．It will get worse with human interference.‎ C．It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D．It will stay for a decade.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)读文快一点 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 人工智能摆脱控制 人们的担忧 总分模式 第2段 第2段画波浪线部分 自我保护 分析原因 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 应对策略 行文发展 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 作者态度 得出结论 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　为了实现我们的目标，如果我们使用一种机器而我们不能有效地干预它的运行，那么最好要确定输入机器的指令是否是我们真正想要的。‎ ‎(二)做题准一点 ‎1．推理判断题。选A　根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。选A　根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.”可知，智能机器人可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。‎ ‎3．细节理解题。选D　根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙让机器人回答难题，但不允许机器人影响真实世界。‎ ‎4．作者态度题。选C　根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。‎ ‎[题后悟通]‎ 利用but/however巧解阅读理解题 通过研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们发现but和however重现率较高，几乎每年高考阅读理解都有一些题目的答案与这两个词有关，我们应高度重视but和however，特别是其后的内容。表示转折的but和however有很强的意义强调功能，对我们判断上下文文意、推断作者态度、猜测人物心理、理清文章层次都具有举足轻重的作用。‎ but和however在文中通常有以下几种作用：‎ ‎1．引出作者观点，反驳but前面的观点(普遍观点)。‎ ‎2．通过对比引出相反或相对的信息。‎ ‎3．表明作者态度或提出作者的建议。‎ 例如上文第4题，本题为作者态度题。根据第4段中的第一句话“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。C项所述正确。本题就是通过but一词引出了作者的观点。‎ ‎(三)积累多一点 ‎1．extremely adv.　　　　　　 极端地；非常；很 ‎2．mathematician n. 数学家 ‎3．interfere v. 干预；干涉 ‎4．preserve v. 保护；维护 ‎5．logical adj. 符合逻辑的；逻辑(上)的 ‎6．coexist v. 同时共存；和平共处 ‎7．relate to 涉及；同……有……关系 ‎8．other than 除了；不同；不同于 ‎9．conflict with 冲突；与……抵触 ‎10．let alone 更不用说 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2014·湖南卷)‎ 学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic________”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。‎ 内容：1.说明设计理由；‎ ‎2．介绍新功能。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于120个；‎ ‎2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．替代；替代品　　　　 replacement ‎2．传统的 traditional_‎ ‎3．自动地 automatically ‎4．外部环境 the_outer_environment ‎5．把……考虑在内 take_...into_account ‎ ‎6．不方便的 inconvenient ‎7．仅仅 nothing_but ‎8．助手 assistant ‎9．功能 function ‎10．流行；受欢迎 popularity ‎11．提及；提到 mention ‎12．调整 adjust 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我的魔力水壶将是传统水壶的替代品。‎ My magic water bottle will be a_replacement_of_the_traditional_one.‎ ‎2．它能够自动改变里面的水温。‎ It can change_the_temperature_of the inside water automatically.‎ ‎3．对于新发明，有几个因素我要考虑在内。‎ There are certain factors which I_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention. ‎ ‎4．传统的水壶不便于旅行者随时随地喝上舒适的饮用水。‎ A traditional water bottle makes_it_inconvenient_for_travelers to have a comfortable drink anytime and anywhere. ‎ ‎5．饮用过凉或过热的水只会对我们的健康造成伤害。‎ Drinking too cold or too hot water does_nothing_but_harm_to our health.‎ ‎6．上面提到的自动温控系统能够调节水温。‎ The automatic temperaturecontrolling system which is_mentioned_above_can_adjust_the_water_temperature. ‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用which引导的定语从句合并句1、2‎ My_magic_water_bottle_will_be_a_replacement_of_the_traditional_one_which_can_change_the_temperature_of_the_inside_water_automatically.‎ ‎2．把句3的定语从句改为非谓语短语作定语 There_are_certain_factors_taken_into_account_on_my_new_invention.‎ ‎3．用“for one thing ...for another ...”连接句4、5‎ For_one_thing,_a_traditional_water_bottle_makes_it_inconvenient_for_travelers_to_have_a_comfortable_drink_anytime_and_anywhere._For_another,_drinking_too_cold_or_too_hot_water_does_nothing_but_harm_to_our_health.‎ ‎4．把句6的定语从句改为非谓语短语作定语 The_automatic_temperaturecontrolling_system_mentioned_above_can_adjust_the_water_temperature._‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 My_Magic_Water_Bottle My_magic_water_bottle_will_be_a_replacement_of_the_traditional_one_which_can_change_the_temperature_of_the_inside_water_automatically_according_to_the_changes_of_the_outer_environment.‎ There_are_certain_factors_taken_into_account_on_my_new_invention._For_one_thing,_a_traditional_water_bottle_makes_it_inconvenient_for_travelers_to_have_a_comfortable_drink_anytime_and_anywhere._For_another,_drinking_too_cold_or_too_hot_water_does_nothing_but_harm_to_our_health,_so_my_magic_water_bottle_can_serve_as_an_assistant_or_a_doctor.‎ The_new_functions_will_win_my_magic_water_bottle_enormous_love_and_popularity._On_the_one_hand,_the_automatic_temperaturecontrolling_system_mentioned_above_can_adjust_the_water_temperature._On_the_other_hand,_we_can_set_a_desirable_temperature_for_the_inside_‎ water,_and_what_surprises_us_most_is_that_the_water_can_remain_at_that_temperature_for_about_twenty_hours.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎◆The Necomimi This is basically a pair of braincontrolled cat ears that allows users to express emotional states: relaxed, mild interest, strong interest and focus. This is made possible by a builtin machine that reads and translates emotions. It's a kind of technology that can also be useful for athletes to determine the best state for performance. The Necomimi can be bought for $49 through maker Neurosky's website.‎ ‎◆The ostrich pillow There are times when you're so tired that nothing is better than taking a short sleep. Whether it's being stuck at the office or on a long bus ride or at the library, the pillow is designed to put the wearer in soft supportive cushioning (缓冲垫) in any resting position. The strangelooking pillow has a hole in which to put your head, and a mouth hole designed to allow its wearer to breathe easily. It also has two side holes where you can store your hands. It is now being sold online for $99.‎ ‎◆The Hovding : bike helmet (头盔)‎ The Hovding : allows riders to get around easily. It's actually an airbag system that's worn around the neck, working only when there's a sudden shake or the unlikely event that may get you knocked off your bike. After winning the world's most famous design prize, the creators are developing a new and better model. Now the firstgeneration helmet is being sold at various sporting shops throughout Europe for about $500.‎ ‎◆The treadmill desk The treadmill desk on sale is the perfect solution for our increasingly sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyles. Recently a study found those who spent three hours a day on a treadmill desk became healthier. Still, it shouldn't be treated as a panacea for not getting enough exercise. Another study suggests that meeting the recommended amount of physical activity requires more exercises than walking. It's also recommended that treadmill speeds should be limited to around 2 miles per hour or less to make sure they can be used safely while working.‎ ‎1．When a runner wears the Necomimi, it can help ______.‎ A．show how he or she is feeling B．protect him or her from injuries C．improve his or her running speed D．keep him or her in good condition 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“The Necomimi”部分介绍的“that allows users to express emotional states”和“that can also be useful for athletes to determine the best state for performance”可知，the Necomimi可以反映出运动员的个人状态。‎ ‎2．What's so special about the ostrich pillow?‎ A．Its low cost.　　　　 　B．Its perfect size.‎ C．Its beautiful design. D．Its amazing convenience.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。“The ostrich pillow”部分介绍的是一款可以让使用者随时随地打盹的枕头——这个形状怪异的枕头一共有4个洞，一个放头，两个放手，还有一个开口可供呼吸，故该发明的特点就是其便捷性。‎ ‎3．What do we know about the Hovding : bike helmet?‎ A．It is designed for athletes.‎ B．It is being improved now.‎ C．It can work at users' request.‎ D．It is put on the wearer's shoulders.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据“The Hovding : bike helmet”部分介绍的“the creators are developing a new and better model”可知，该产品仍在改进中。‎ ‎4．What do the four inventions have in common?‎ A．They're all on the market.‎ B．They're all hightech products.‎ C．They're all expensive to develop.‎ D．They're all used to improve people's health.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据这四个发明介绍中的“can be bought” “being sold online” “being sold at various sporting shops” “on sale”可知，它们都已在市场上销售。‎ B Shopping centers, stadiums and universities may soon have a new tool to help fight crime.‎ A California company called Knightscope says its robots can predict and prevent crime. Knightscope says the goal is to reduce crime by half in areas the robots guard.‎ William Santana Li is the chief executive officer of Knightscope. He says, “These robot security guards will change the world. Our planet has seven billion people on it. It's going to quickly get to nine billion people. The security equipment that we have globally is just not going to develop that fast. The company's Autonomous Data Machines can become the eyes and ears of law enforcement (执行)．”‎ ‎“You want it to be machines plus humans. Let the machines do the heavy and sometimes dangerous work and let the humans do the strategic decisionmaking work, so it's always working all together.”‎ The machines are one and a half meters tall and weigh 136 kilograms. They do not carry weapons but they have day and night time video cameras ‎ which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons.‎ Some people may become concerned about their privacy, especially in connection with the video recordings. Some people may worry that such recordings will appear on the Internet. Eugene Volokh, a law professor at the University of California, says the machines have to be used in the right way and it will be interesting to see how state laws deal with this kind of video.‎ William Santana Li says there is a long waiting list for the robots in the US. Workers in the company are working overtime to meet the demands of the market. At least 25 other countries are also interested in these robotic security guards.‎ ‎5．What can this new tool do for humans?‎ A．Make strategic decisions.‎ B．Keep watching day and night.‎ C．Carry heavy weapons.‎ D．Stop crime autonomously.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“They do not carry weapons ... sense chemical and biological weapons.”可知，这种机器人的功能就是能够日夜不停地执勤站岗。‎ ‎6．Why are people worried?‎ A．Their privacy may be let out.‎ B．The robots are very expensive.‎ C．Robots will replace humans.‎ D．They will be out of work soon.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Some people may become concerned about their privacy, especially in connection with the video recordings.”可知，一些人担忧这种机器人所携带的摄像机会记录其隐私，其隐私有可能会被泄露。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?‎ A．Robots Are Becoming More Popular B．Robots Contribute a Lot to the World C．Robots Are in Great Demand Now D．Security Robots Could Help Cut Crime 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍了一种新型的预防犯罪的机器人。‎ C You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years. One of the big changes is that cars will drive themselves.‎ ‎“We definitely have the technology for it now，” says Andrew Poliak of automotive technology supplier QNX. “We expect selfdriving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025.”‎ The American company Google has been working on a selfdriving automobile for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States and are truly selfdriving. They have no steering wheels (方向盘) or pedals.‎ Last week, police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished.‎ Another American company, Tesla, added an “Autopilot” feature to its cars last month. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and steer by itself.‎ You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The car uses sensors to know when lane (车道) changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down.‎ Tesla Autopilot is made for crosscountry driving. It keeps you in the lane and helps you avoid hitting other cars. It does not work as well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign.‎ Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She had a hard time trusting the car to do what it should do.‎ She thought about disabling the Autopilot feature many times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake when the car in front of her slowed down.‎ Yet the car drove perfectly.‎ Other companies are working on selfdriving cars, too. MercedesBenz, Audi, BMW, Volvo and Toyota all have plans for such vehicles.‎ ‎8．The question in the first paragraph is used to ________.‎ A．collect readers' answers B．introduce the topic of the text C．describe the changes to telephones D．show the development of technology 解析：选B　推理判断题。第一段提出的问题主要是为了引出文章的主题，即：自动驾驶汽车。‎ ‎9．What do Andrew Poliak's words suggest?‎ A．It is too difficult for people to make selfdriving cars now.‎ B．Selfdriving cars will be first put on the market in 2020.‎ C．There will be more selfdriving cars in use in the future.‎ D．Nobody loves to use selfdriving cars at the moment.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We expect selfdriving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025.”可知，Andrew Poliak认为在2020至2025年，自动驾驶汽车将成为主流，因此也就意味着越来越多的自动驾驶汽车投入使用。‎ ‎10．Why did the police stop the Google car?‎ A．It had no driver.‎ B．It went too slowly.‎ C．It broke the traffic rules.‎ D．It had no steering wheel.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly”可知，谷歌的这辆车之所以被警察拦停是因为行驶过慢。‎ ‎11．According to the text, Tesla Autopilot ________.‎ A．is true selfdriving B．can sense traffic lights C．won't work on freeways D．isn't safe in crowded areas 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第七段中的“It does not work as well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign.”可知，特斯拉的自动驾驶装置不适于在人多的地方使用。‎ D A few months ago, Jason asked his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed. During the first few weeks, Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked. He was really interested in learning all about it and he even started writing computer programs himself.‎ One day Jason found a website where he could play chess either against the computer or against other people from all over the world. From then on, Jason seemed to have just one interest in life, his computer. Whenever his parents told him that he was spending too much time with his computer, Jason_went_into_denial. He did not think that he had a problem at all.‎ Then the unthinkable happened: Jason's computer broke down. But his parents decided not to buy him a new one. Jason said that he needed a computer for school, and he promised that he'd spend less time with it. But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.‎ Robert Johnson, a psychologist on the subject, says, “Computer addiction is an illness that can influence anyone of us. Nowadays,‎ ‎ increasing numbers of people are spending more and more time working with computers. While this isn't a problem for most users, some people, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people. For them, meeting people online is a way of hiding their true selves. In cyberspace, they can be whoever they want to be and create their own virtual world. But what happens when they can no longer enter their virtual world？”‎ ‎12．Why did Jason want to buy a computer according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．To play chess.‎ B．To make friends.‎ C．To avoid being an outsider.‎ D．To write computer programs.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed.”可知，贾森的朋友们都有电脑，而他却没有，为了避免成为圈外人，所以想让父母给自己也买一台，故选C项。‎ ‎13．By saying “Jason went into denial”， the author means ________.‎ A．Jason would not listen B．Jason enjoyed himself C．Jason would turn it off D．Jason changed his mind 解析：选A　句意理解题。由该句后面的“He did not think that he had a problem at all.”可知，每次父母提醒他玩电脑时间太长了，他都不听，故选A项。‎ ‎14．What was Jason's relationship with his parents like when his computer broke down?‎ A．Fine. B．Soso.‎ C．Terrible. D．Unknown.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段中的“But his parents refused to give ‎ in.”和“Jason ... killed himself”可知，当时他们的关系很糟糕，故选C项。‎ ‎15．In Robert Johnson's opinion, ________.‎ A．it is impossible to beat computer addiction B．shy people get addicted to computers easily C．teenagers should stay away from computers D．computers are getting us into serious trouble 解析：选B　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“some people, especially teenagers, ... shy people”可知，那些腼腆的人更容易沉迷于电脑所营造的虚拟世界中，故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something called the phone pile game: Everyone places their __1__ in the middle of the table; whoever looks at their device (设备) before the check arrives __2__ for dinner.‎ Brandon Holley, the former editor of Lucky magazine, had trouble __3__ her mobile phone when she got home from work.So about six months ago, she began putting her phone into a milk tin __4__ she walked in. It remains there until after dinner.‎ And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn't want to sleep next to a noisy __5__. So he __6__ computers and phones from his bedroom — a house rule he __7__ with audiences during a screening of his film Disconnect.‎ As smartphones __8__ to make their way into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass __9__ our personal space even further, users say these disconnecting __10__ are improving their relationships — and __11__ their brains.‎ ‎“Disconnecting is something that we all need，” Lesley M．M. Blume, a New York writer, told The New York Times. “The expectation that we must always be __12__ to everyone creates a real problem in trying to __13__ private time. But that private time is more important than ever.”‎ A popular method for __14__ is to choose a box for your cellphone, ‎ like Ms. Holley. “__15__ my phone is lighting up, it's still a distraction, so it goes in the __16__，” she said.‎ Others choose new __17__. “No screens after 11 p. m．，” said Ari Melber, a TV host. “I found the evenings were more __18__， and I was sleeping better，” he said.‎ Sleep is a big factor, which is why Peter Som, a fashion designer, doesn't want to sleep __19__ something that is full of photos and emails. He keeps his phone charging in the living room overnight. “It __20__ is a headclearer，” said Mr.Som.‎ 语篇解读：在日常生活中，很多人过度依赖手机，本文介绍了几位名人利用各种策略来减少手机的使用，以给自己留出个人时间。‎ ‎1．A.wallets B．handbags C．watches D．phones 解析：选D　本文的主题是如何远离手机，结合上文的“the phone pile game”可知，此处指吃饭时大家把手机放在桌子中间。‎ ‎2．A.pays B．waits C．prepares D．reaches 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，他们是在餐馆吃饭，因此，此处表示“谁在账单到来之前看手机谁就得买单”。pay for意为“为……付钱”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.examining B．ignoring C．charging D．finding 解析：选B　根据第二段的内容可推知，布兰登·霍利在控制自己不看手机方面有困难，所以她想了个办法：从六个月前开始，她一进门就把手机放到一个奶粉罐里。‎ ‎4．A.at the moment B．for the moment C．the moment D．in a moment 解析：选C　设空处前后为结构完整的句子，因此，中间需要连词连接。根据语境，此处指她一回到家，the moment意为“一……就……”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.bell B．device C．clock D．alarm 解析：选B　根据下文“computers and phones”可知，此处指能发出声音的设备 (device)。句意：时尚设计师马克·雅各布斯不想睡在吵闹的设备旁边，因此他禁止在卧室放置电脑和手机。故选B项。‎ ‎6．A.banned B．lost C．collected D．adjusted 解析：选A　根据上文“didn't want to sleep next to a noisy __5__”可知，此处指他禁止在卧室用这些设备。ban意为“禁止；取缔”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.talked B．agreed C．provided D．shared 解析：选D　根据马克·雅各布斯的职业及下文的“with audiences during a screening of his film Disconnect”可知，这是他在公众场合与观众分享(shared)的经验。故选D项。‎ ‎8．A.intend B．choose C．continue D. happen 解析：选C　根据下文“even further”可知，手机在持续(continue) 进入我们的生活。故选C项。intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”；choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”；happen to do sth.意为“碰巧做某事”。‎ ‎9．A.defend B．threaten C．improve D．save 解析：选B　根据上文的“make their way into our lives”可知，电子设备侵占我们的私人空间，再结合人们所采取的脱离策略可知，threaten (威胁)符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.techniques B．practices C．examples D．achievements 解析：选A　文章前三段提到谁在账单到来之前看手机就得买单，一进门就把手机放到一个奶粉罐里以及禁止在卧室放置电脑和手机都是一些不使用电子设备的例子，这些都是关于脱离手机的技巧(techniques)。‎ ‎11．A.yet B．ever C．just D．even 解析：选D　结合上下文可知，电子设备在不断侵占我们的私人空间，远离电子设备对于我们所有人来说都很有必要，它可以改善人们之间的关系，甚至思维方式。根据语境，设空处表示程度更进一步。故选D项。‎ ‎12．A.dependable B．available C．convenient D．appealing 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，如果不偶尔脱离电子设备，随时准备与他人保持联系，这容易使我们疲于应付，而没有了个人空间。故选B项，available意为“有空的；可利用的”。‎ ‎13．A.figure out B．save up C．set aside D．take up 解析：选C　根据语境可知，时时保持与别人联系的期望在留出个人时间方面产生了一个问题。set aside意为“留出，拨出(金钱、时间等)”，符合语境。‎ ‎14．A.connecting B．distributing C．entertaining D．disconnecting 解析：选D　上文都在谈论disconnecting的重要性，结合本段中提到的“to choose a box for your cellphone”可知，此处指脱离(disconnecting)手机的方法，故选D项。此处为原词重现。‎ ‎15．A.Unless B．If C．Since D．Although 解析：选B　根据句意“如果手机屏幕亮起，这依然是分心的事，因此……”可知，设空处引导条件句，故选B项。‎ ‎16．A.box B．room C．pocket D．bag 解析：选A　根据上文的“A popular method for __14__ is to choose a box for your cellphone”可知，手机屏幕亮起仍是一件让人分心的事情，所以就把它放到一个盒子里。故选A项。上文的“choose a box”也是提示。‎ ‎17．A.games B．orders C．steps D．rules 解析：选D　上文所述的是一些人远离手机的规则，再根据空后的“No screens after 11 p．m.”可知，其他人选择了不同的规则。故选D项。‎ ‎18．A.flexible B．urgent C．relaxing D．upset 解析：选C　根据下文的“... and I was sleeping better”可知，睡得好说明放松了。‎ ‎19．A.far from B．next to C．beyond D．within 解析：选B　这里对应上文的“And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn't want to sleep next to a noisy __5__.”以及下文的“keeps his phone charging in the living room overnight”；由他把手机放到客厅可知，他不喜欢把手机放在旁边睡觉。far from意为“远离”；next to意为“紧挨着”；beyond意为“超出；非……所及”；within意为“在……之内”。故选B项。‎ ‎20．A.definitely B．rarely C．finally D．originally 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，此处指把手机放到客厅的好处：这绝对是种大脑清洁剂。definitely意为“确切地；肯定地”；rarely意为“罕见地”；finally意为“最终”；originally意为“原先地；最初地”。根据语境可知选A项。‎