2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解解题指导课件（23张）

2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解解题指导课件（23张）

2018 届二轮复习 高考阅读理解解题指导 高考 《 考纲 》 规定，阅读理解部分要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段。考生应能： （ 1 ）理解主旨和要义；（ 2 ）理解文中具体信息；（ 3 ）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（ 4 ）作出简单判断和推理；（ 5 ）理解文章的基本结构；（ 6 ）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 下面主要讲我们在最后阶段应如何快速提高解答阅读理解题的准 确率和速度。 一、先题后文 先看题目， 再读文章 —— 这种方法看似简单，却可以给考生节约很多宝贵的时间。该方法适用于所有体裁的阅读理解文章， 尤其适用于应用文。因为阅读理解测试不仅考查受试者的精读能力， 还考查略读和跳读能力， 而应用文是最适合考查略读和跳读能力的体裁。 例：（ 2016 全国卷 ⅡA 篇） What's On? Electric Underground ... Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz ... Comedy at Kaleidoscope ... This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest ... Simon's Workshop ...Wednesdays at Victoria Stage Charlotte Stone 8.00 pm-11.00 pm ... 1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz . C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering. 2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope. C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World. 3. What do we know about Simon's Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday. 4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A. 5.00 pm-7.30 pm. B. 7.30 pm-1.00 am. C. 8.00 pm-11.00 pm. D. 8.30 pm-10.30 pm. 【解析 】 本文是应用文。文章包括四个与娱乐、 艺术相关的广告。答案依次是 A 、 B 、 D 、 C 。通过浏览题目不难发现， 四道题均为细节理解题。再阅读文章可知， 四道题都是只需要阅读四个部分的小标题及个别信息就可以找到答案。也就是通过先看题目， 再读文章， 利用跳读的方法， 只需阅读 50 词左右 （而不是全文 270 余词） 就可以正确作答。 二、顺序寻找答案线索，特殊情况除外 通常一篇阅读理解的数个题目的答案线索在文中是按先后顺序出现的，特殊情况除外。例如，主旨大意题、标题归纳题、文章出处题、写作目的题等题目是建立在文章全部内容之上的，通常放在最后或最前面，解答这些题目的明显依据视文章具体情况而定。 因此，答题时要避免做每一道题都盲目地从头到尾找线索，而应在上一道题的答案线索下面找本道题的答案线索。这样在做题过程中可以节约不少时间。 例：（ 2016 全国卷 ⅠB 篇） Grandparents Answer a Call ... Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. ... 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby ... Moving is not for everyone ... sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead ... but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garza's move a success? A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson's decision? A. 17% expressed their support for it. B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a bad influence. D. The majority thought it was a trend. 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own. B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them. C. Sacrifice for their struggling children. D. Get to know themselves better. 【解析 】 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了祖父母接到 后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何做决定。选文是文章每段中的部分内容。答案依次是 A 、 D 、 C 、 A 。 第 25 和 27 题是细节理解题； 第 26 和 28 题是 推理判断题。四道题的答案线索依次出现在第一、 二、 三、 四段。 三、 仔细阅读题干， 排除干扰项 通常阅读理解的选项均与文章中的信息相关： 正确选项是对原文部分内容的同义重复或者总结引申； 干扰项有的会在原文中全部或部分出现， 有的是对文章部分信息断章取义的结果， 有的则是对原文信息的错误联想。很多同学不仔细阅读题干， 仅凭某一选项在文章中出现过就选为答案的做法往往使自己中了命题人的圈套， 是非常不可取的。 例 1 ：（ 2016 全国卷 ⅢB 篇） On one of her trips to New York ... … Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party ... Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus ... 27. What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers. 【解析 】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位作家从陌生人处获得创作灵感的故事。选文是文章第一段、第三段及最后一段的部分内容。答案是 C 。正确选项是对原文 Beauticians, bartenders ... from conversations overheard on a bus 的总结引申，符合题干的要求。干扰项 A 和 B 分别是对原文 New York 和 the woman 断章取义的结果； D 项是对原文信息的错误联想。 例 2 ：（ 2014 新课标全国卷 I B 篇） Passenger pigeons ( 旅鸽 ) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks ( 群 ) so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons — a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing . Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. ... 24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _____. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek pleasure.          B. To save other birds. C. To make money.            D. To protect crops. 【解析 】 本文是说明文。美国原来有数目众多的旅鸽，但是后来由于人们过度猎杀和对其栖息地的破坏，旅鸽的数量越来越少。选文是前三段。第 24 题答案是 D 。请看干扰项 A 。在 A 项中起干扰作用的 biggest 与 Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks so large that they darkened the sky for hours 中的 large 是近义词。但 large 在这里是指旅鸽数量的多，而非体积的大。此处的干扰项是对原文字面意思的错误联想。 第 26 题的正确答案是 C 。解题依据是 The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants 。其他三个干扰项虽然在文中都没有提及，但是提到捕猎，我们一般会联想到其趣味性。另外文章在第一、二段中提到了旅鸽在 18 、 19 世纪数量巨大，由此我们可以联想到旅鸽威胁到了其他鸟类的生存，对庄稼造成了破坏。此处的干扰项是对原文信息的错误联想。 总之，要想做好阅读理解题， 扎实的语言功底是基础， 正确的解题方法是关键。此外， 还需要通过认真做高质量的试题积累实战经验。掌握了以上方法， 做阅读理解题时必定会更加游刃有余！赶快试试吧！