【英语】2018届高考二轮复习冠词教案

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【英语】2018届高考二轮复习冠词教案

第一讲 冠词 ‎1.[2015·陕西高考]________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.‎ 答案:The; the 考查冠词用法,在该题中分析句式结构可以看出,此处为“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构,故两空均填the。‎ ‎2.[2015·重庆高考]I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ 答案:the; a 第一空,句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank,由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行,故用定冠词;第二空,泛指“一个持枪歹徒”,因此用不定冠词。‎ ‎3.[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.‎ 答案:a 根据结构可知此处填冠词,表示“一类人”“一个类似于贝多芬的人”,故填不定冠词。‎ ‎4.[2015·浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.‎ 答案:a; the 根据空格位置可知考查冠词。第一空,book是可数名词,此处表泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空,in the way是固定词组“挡路,妨碍”。‎ ‎5.[2014·天津高考]Life is like ________ ocean: only the strongwilled can reach the other shore.‎ 答案:an ocean为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词,ocean以元音音素开头,故答案是an。‎ ‎6.[2014·重庆高考]I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.‎ 答案:the; a 第一空表示去某人家的路为特指,故用the;第二空表示一个叫Wilson的人,表示泛指概念,故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎7.[2014·浙江高考]The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night.‎ 答案:a; the 第一空填a相当于every/one;第二空为固定搭配long into the night。‎ ‎8.[2014·陕西高考]________ village where I was born has grown into________ town.‎ 答案:The; a 由village后面的定语从句“where I was born”可知,第一空为特指,故用the;而第二空泛指一个城镇,故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎9.[2014·江西高考]They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.‎ 答案:the; a 第一空后的名词“captain”为特指,指这个队的队长,故与the连用;第二空后面的名词leader为泛指“一个……的领导”,故填a。‎ ‎10.[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]He missed ________ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.‎ 答案:the; a gold当金牌讲时,在本句中为“跳高中的金牌”,故用定冠词;第二空考查序数词只表示“又一,再一”之意,故用不定冠词。 ‎ 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?‎ ‎ In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It __61__ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it ___62___(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of ___63___ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ But the river wasn't changed in a few days ___64___ even a few months. It took years of work___65___(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is___66___(clean) than ever.‎ ‎ Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit ___67___ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?‎ ‎ While there are___68___(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ___69___(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ___70___ (patience).‎ Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是通过一个城市清理工业污染的例子,说明这样一个道理:只要我们坚持不懈,我们都可以做成那些看似不可能的事情。‎ Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。‎ ‎61.was。根据结构可知填谓语,即恰当的时态。‎ ‎62.actually。根据空格位置可知,此处修饰caught。‎ ‎63.the。根据空后面的most outstanding为最高级,可知答案。‎ ‎64.or。本句为否定句,且前后两部分为并列结构,可知答案。‎ ‎65.to_reduce。根据前面的took可推断,此处填非谓语,另外考查固定结构。‎ ‎66.cleaner。下文中的than ever为关键信息。‎ ‎67.that/which。根据“have”和“is driving”可知,此处填连词,另名词后的从句为定语从句,且从句中没有主语。‎ ‎68.amazing。本题在名词之前,应用adj.作定语。‎ ‎69.changes。定冠词the后应为名词,且谓语是are及require可知答案。‎ ‎70.patient。be动词之后应该为形容词。‎ Step 3:代入答案。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识 清单 ‎(1)不定冠词表泛指的用法以及a与an在用法上的区别;(2)定冠词表示类指和特指的用法以及一些特殊用法;(3)英语中不使用任何冠词的情况;(4)常见的几组冠词使用易混情况;(5)固定搭配中的零冠词、定冠词和不定冠词的使用情况。‎ 学情 分析 考生在冠词的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题:(1)a与an的用法不清楚;(2)忽视名词与冠词的联系,通常在名词前不加任何冠词;(3)对冠词中的一些特殊情况掌握不准确,混淆一般用法与特殊用法;(4)在语境中对特指与泛指理解不够准确。‎ 考点一 不定冠词a,an的用法 ‎1不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。‎ ‎①A young man wants to see you.‎ 有个年轻人想见你。‎ ‎②—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons',please?‎ ‎—Sorry,we don't have a Johnson here in the village.‎ ‎——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?‎ ‎——对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。‎ ‎2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。‎ ‎①Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.‎ 许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的。‎ ‎②It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.‎ 对于一个国家来说,主办奥运会是一件成功的事。‎ ‎3表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。‎ A teacher must be strict with his students.‎ 教师必须对他的学生严格要求。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎4用于单数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。‎ The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.‎ 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。‎ 注意:表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词。‎ Zhang Feng, monitor of our class, is good at English.‎ 我们班的班长张凤擅长英语。‎ ‎5用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”。‎ The car moved 100 miles an hour.‎ 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。‎ 注意:不定冠词在句中的位置。such a/an+单数可数名词;quite a/an+单数可数名词;rather a/an+单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。‎ ‎①He is as clever a boy as Tom.‎ 他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。‎ ‎②It is too difficult a book for beginners.‎ 这本书对初学者来说太难了。‎ 特别提示:不定冠词a与an的区别 以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:‎ ‎①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,该单词实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:an hour,an honest man。‎ ‎②有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:a university,a European country。‎ ‎[典例1] [2015·福建泉州五校摸底]When Lucy was waiting for ________ 8:00 plane, she had ________ long conversation with Johnson.‎ ‎[解析] the;a 第一空为特指,故填the;第二空表示“一次”长谈,表示泛指,故填a。‎ 考点二 定冠词the的用法 ‎1用在表示特指的人或物的名词前,尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)或谈话双方都明确的人或物,也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:‎ The book on the desk is mine.‎ 书桌上的那本书是我的。‎ Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.‎ 请把收音机音量调小点好吗?婴儿在睡觉。‎ ‎2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。‎ ‎①As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.‎ 众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎②We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.‎ 我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。‎ 注意:有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空,nature自然,man人类等。‎ ‎3用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。‎ Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.‎ 在中国,刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。‎ ‎4用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。‎ ‎—It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.‎ ‎—Right, he will also get paid by the week.‎ ‎——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60000美元的工作。‎ ‎——是的,而且会按周付薪。‎ ‎5用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。‎ It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.‎ 在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。‎ ‎6形容词和副词最高级以及序数词前。‎ ‎①He was the first to speak against slavery.‎ 他是第一个直言反对奴隶制的人。‎ ‎②He is the tallest one in our class.‎ 他是我们班个子最高的。‎ 注意:“a(n)+序数词”不表示排序,表示“又一,再一”;另外,不定冠词a用于most+形容词之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常”。‎ ‎①What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time, with four points from three matches.‎ 最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。‎ ‎②—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?‎ ‎—The younger one.He is a most humorous man.‎ ‎——双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处?‎ ‎——较小的那一个,他是一个非常幽默的人。‎ ‎7“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中,定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代词替代。如:‎ take sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.‎ 一个苹果从树上落下,砸在他的头上。‎ 注意:在be red in the face(脸红),be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸),be blind in the left eye(左眼瞎)等结构中,名词前也要用the。‎ ‎8定冠词与形容词连用,可以表示一类人或事物。如:‎ the rich富人;the wounded伤员;the true, the good and (the) beautiful真、善、美。‎ ‎[典例2] [2015·河北衡水中学联考]In his letter, he asked his father to tie a white ribbon on ________ tree near his house by the side of the railway lines.‎ ‎[解析] the 根据语境可知,此处为特指在他家房子附近的树。故填定冠词the。‎ ‎[典例3] [2015·山西康杰四校联考]The next fortyfive minutes was one of ________ most precious moments in my life.‎ ‎[解析] the 根据句意可知此处考查最高级的用法。句意:接下来的45分钟是我一生中最宝贵的时刻。‎ 考点三 零冠词的用法 ‎1表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前,一般不加冠词。‎ ‎①Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.‎ Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。‎ ‎②Horses are useful animals.‎ 马是有用的动物。‎ ‎2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。‎ Spring is the best season of the year.‎ 春天是一年中最好的季节。‎ 注意:有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期等前时,通常使用不定冠词。‎ ‎①I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.‎ 我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。‎ ‎②It is a wise choice to use a fourwheel drive on a snowy day.‎ 在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎3在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus例外。‎ ‎4在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词前不加冠词。如:‎ Child as she is, she knows too much French.‎ 尽管她是一个孩子,但她知道很多法语。‎ ‎5系动词turn后跟表职业的名词前不加冠词。‎ The young girl has turned writer.=The young girl has become a writer.‎ 这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。‎ ‎6no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。‎ Everything comes with a price, there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.‎ 一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有免费的午餐。‎ 考点四 几组易混的冠词词组 ‎  NO.1 解题步骤 ‎1.根据空格位置判断是否考查冠词。‎ ‎2.根据语境判断空格后的名词表示特指还是泛指。‎ ‎3.结合冠词的用法及注意事项确定答案。‎ NO.2 解题技巧 ‎1.在语法填空中,空格后的名词或者“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。‎ ‎2.语法填空题中多考查冠词的基本用法,因此可以采用以下三种方法:‎ ‎(1)翻译法:可译作“一个(本/座/杯……)”的,一般填a/an;可译作“这,这些,那些”的,一般填the。‎ ‎(2)理解法:泛指填a/an,特指填the。‎ ‎(3)观察法:若名词后有作定语的介词短语、不定式或从句,可能填the。‎ ‎[典例4] [2015·重庆一中一诊]I ordered ________ coffee while I was waiting for ________ 18:00 film.‎ ‎[解析] a;the 考查冠词用法。第一空表示泛指数量一,“一杯咖啡”;第二空表示特指18:00的电影,故填the。‎ ‎[典例5] [2015·福建龙岩毕业班联考]We all hold ________ view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai.‎ ‎[解析] the 考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知view为特指,且根据语法“that从句为同位语从句,对view解释说明”,也可以确定填the。‎ ‎[典例6] [2015·安徽安庆一中四模]It is clear that ________ little money the invention will bring them can hardly support so large ________ company.‎ ‎[解析] the;a 考查冠词用法。根据第一空后的名词后面为限制性定语从句,故应为特指;第二空考查“so+adj.+a(n)+n.”结构。‎ 在语法填空中,对冠词的考查主要在具体的语境中,一般不会很难,在改错与写作中也会用到,因此在冠词的学习过程中要格外注意以下几点:‎ ‎(1)在具体语言环境中理解特指、泛指的概念;‎ ‎(2)判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;‎ ‎(3)判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词;‎ ‎(4)可数名词单数前必须要有限定词,其中包括冠词,形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格形式;‎ ‎(5)不可数名词与可数名词复数泛指时不用冠词,特指时加the。‎ 注意:除以上基础外,还需在平时学习时积累含有冠词的固定短语的使用情况。‎
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