【英语】2018届二轮复习被动语态学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习被动语态学案

二轮复习 被动语态学案 ‎（一） 常见用法 ‎1 在一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中，被动语态为be (am,is,are,was,were)+done ‎ ‎ The boy was asked to do his home work first. ‎ ‎2 动词不定式的被动语态构成为to be done Whether this medicine will work remains to be seen. ‎ ‎3 含有情态动词的被动语态构成为 “情态动词+ be+ done”The project must be finished as soon as possible. ‎ ‎4 过去分词做宾语补足语，与宾语形成被动关系，主要表现在役使结构中。 I had a tooth pulled out yesterday. ‎ ‎5.v-ing 形式的被动语态的构成为being done ,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，但不能单独作谓语，其完成式形式为having been done ,多在句中作状语。Tom is looking forward to being taken to the Great Wall. The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to being shown around our country. ‎ ‎6短语动词的被动语态 :短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：‎ My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。‎ ‎7 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等　　It is said that…据说It is reported that… 据报道It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为It is suggested that…据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that… 务必记住 ‎（二）不用于被动语态的几种常见情况： ‎ ‎(1)所有的不及物动词和不及物动词短语都不能用于被动语态中。‎ ‎1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place,belong to 等没有无被动语态。例如：‎ ‎　 After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。‎ ‎　 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态，注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。‎ ‎2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。‎ This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。‎ ‎3） 系动词无被动语态appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn,go It sounds good. 听上去不错。The fish smells good.‎ ‎4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。‎ She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。‎ ‎5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her.‎ ‎6)表示状态或归属的动词，如last, contain, have, own, belong to , 等不用于被动语态。 ‎ ‎7)动词 cut, read, sell, wash, break, write, wear, spread 等后跟状语作修饰语，且说明主语本身所有的性质、特点。 ‎ This kind of cloth washes easily. These novels sell well. ‎ ‎8)want, require, need后的动名词用主动表被动。 The window needs repairing. ‎ Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。‎ ‎9)be worth doing 结构中用主动表示被动。 The book is well worth reading. ‎ ‎10)be+ adj+ to do 结构中，若不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代替被动。‎ This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. English is easy to learn. ‎ ‎（三） 主动形式表示被动意义 ‎ ‎1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。‎ ‎　　 The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。‎ ‎2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：‎ ‎　I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。‎ ‎3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。‎ These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心…‎ The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。This book is worth reading.‎ ‎4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。‎ Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。‎ ‎5）系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等, Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。‎ ‎6）一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,‎ The door won't open.这门打不开。It can't move.它不能动。‎ ‎7）一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等The book sells well.这种书很畅销。These clothes wash well.这些衣服很耐洗 ‎8）用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词 This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了 The dust has blown into the house.灰尘被风吹进了房子。‎ ‎9）不定不定式：作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+ 宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中 He has a family to support. Give him some books to read. ‎ There is a lot of work to do.当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,‎ There is so much work to do/to be done. Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted. ‎ ‎“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等That question is difficult to answer. Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.‎ ‎10) 特殊结构①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”The building is under construction. ‎ The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).这样用的名词还有repair, treatment, question(质问)‎ ‎②“be worthy of +名词”在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人 nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情,此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式 ‎（四） 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。‎ 注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ ‎1.It is said that plastics can be used to_____many things .Now people are used to _____plastic products. ‎ ‎ A make, using B making, using C making, use D make, use ‎2 The pupils here ___all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.‎ ‎ A kept busying doing B keep on doing ‎ C have kept busy doing D have been kept busy doing ‎ ‎3 In some parts of the world ,tea __with milk and sugar. ‎ A is serving B is served C serves D served ‎ ‎4 The construction of the two new railway lines ___by now.‎ ‎ A has completed B have completed ‎ C have been completed D has been completed ‎ ‎5 The water __cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise . ‎ A was felt B is felt C felt D feels ‎6 The moment the 28th Olympic Games __open, the whole world cheered. ‎ ‎ A declared B have been declared C have declared D were declared ‎ ‎7 The children went home from the grammar school , their lessons ___for the day. ‎ ‎ A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished ‎ ‎8 The flowers were so lovely that they __in no time . ‎ A sold B had been sold C were sold D would sell ‎ ‎9 As the years passed, many occasions ---birthdays ,awards, graduations --____with Dad’s flowers.‎ ‎ A are marked B were marked C have marked D had marked ‎ ‎10 The glass door have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ___in the natural light during the day.‎ ‎ A to let B letting C let D having let ‎ ‎11 Peter received a letter just now ___his grandma would come to see him soon. ‎ A said B says C saying D to say ‎ ‎12 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft ,the most recent __at the end of last March.‎ ‎ A has been launched B having been launched ‎ C being launched D to be launched ‎ 参考答案 ‎1---12 ADBDC DBCBB CB