【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解七选五解题三依据学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解七选五解题三依据学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解七选五解题三依据 解决七选五阅读主要有以下三个依据：‎ 一、依据文章结构 七选五体裁多为说明文，其文章多为总——分或总——分——总结构，即第一段为总写，介绍主题大意，其他各小段是并列关系。因此，主旨概括性句子多为小标题或段首主题句，若填空是小标题，那该标题应与其他段落小标题形成排比关系，可以从形式和内容上比较。比如：所有小标题会以同一词性开头(形式)；小标题的topic应与该段落大意一致(内容)。‎ ‎[例1] 2011全国新课标I卷 Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. …so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.‎ ‎1. The basic function of money Being explaining … using money.‎ ‎2. Money lessons Approach money lessons…and thattoy.”‎ ‎3.         74         ‎ Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. …If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later,you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.‎ A. Wise decision.‎ B. The value of money.‎ 分析：首先从形式上判断，因为前面两个小标题都是名词短语，所以我们可以锁定两个目标选项A. Wise decision（明智的选择）和B. The value of money（钱的价值）。然后从内容上看，在段中有make choices（做选择）、expensive  choice（选择贵的东西），这些内容与选项A一致，故选A。‎ ‎[例2]2014全国新课标II卷 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often:ability, money, and time.    36    Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule A. Try new things.‎ B. Ability is easily improved.‎ C. Make three or four instead.‎ 分析：文章第一句总起提出：“从作者本人的经历出发，人们不自己做饭的原因有三个：能力，金钱和时间”，36空和其后两句为段落首句的分述。36空后的句子意为：“金钱这个话题我会另日再讨论。所以，今天我给大家一些智慧关于如何提高在厨房里的时间的利用”。根据第一句提到的三个原因，可知36空要选“能力”，所以选B。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、依据逻辑衔接 一篇文章，除了上文提过的指代衔接外，逻辑关系也是语篇衔接的重要形式。常见的逻辑关系包括转折、因果、顺序、并列、递进等。解题时要注意这些逻辑关系的标识词。如：.表示转折关系的有however, though, yet, on the contrary, luckily, inastead等；表因果关系的有so, therefore, thus, as a result等；表顺序关系的有at first, later, after, finally等；表并列与递进关系的有and, what’s more, not only…but also, firstly,secondly等；表列举关系的有some….others, the second…, the third…, for one thing, for another等。‎ ‎[例3] 2015全国新课标I卷 You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.      40      Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ 分析：本空填空后Instead是表转折关系的标识词，由后一句“而是，通过这样的经历，为积极成长和原谅留有余地，这是一种健康的方式”，所以G项“看到事情积极的一面并不意味着忽略所发生的事”是正确答案。‎ 另外，从词语复现方面也可迅速选出答案，其实空格前句的意思就是Seeing the positive side of things，选项G是的see与前句中的look at是同义复现，G中的positive与空格后句中的positive是原词复现，前后衔接紧密。‎ ‎[例4] 2013全国新课标2卷 Public Speaking Training ‎·Get a coach ‎    51    ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.‎ D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E. Whatever the presentation,public speaking is tough 分析：本文主题是公众演说训练，文中以三个小标题分述。第一个小标题：寻找一个教练，51空是第一段的首句，其后so get help“所以，寻找帮助”，So 表示因果关系的信号词，所以51空与 so get help是因果关系，E项“公众演说是困难的”符合前后句的因果关系。‎ ‎[例5] 2013全国新课标I卷 ‎ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. … One is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.       74       The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments…‎ E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.‎ 分析：74空介于第一方面One is the establishment（制定）…和第三方面The third relates to the establishment…之间，由One和The third可知，选含The second的E项。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、依据词汇衔接 ‎1. 依据代词指代衔接。‎ 这是一种常见的连接手段。指代是指为避免重复，用代词替代前文已出现的事物。代词是七选五解题中一个非常有用的信号词，看到空格前后有代词应重视，选项中有代词也应重视，看看是指上文的哪个词或什么内容。分析上下句理清指代关系，这将有效地帮助我们做出正解的选择，并且要注意代词的数、格与前面的指代事物相对应。‎ ‎[例6] 2015全国新课标I卷 Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more.     37      It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ 分析：本题空格位置在段中，是衔接句；Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more(有时人们不再信任了)，为什么不再信任了呢？他们怎么啦？浏览各选项，E项中有they，可能是指代前面的名词people，将选项E(他们受过严重伤害，他们不能容忍这类伤害再次发生)代入文中，衔接通顺，逻辑合理，故选E项。‎ ‎2. 依据词语复现衔接。‎ 英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语，往往是第二句的主语;或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义相关的衔接或称为句际衔接，常以句子中关键词（常为动词、名词、形容词）的同义词、近义词组或反义词组复现的方式来实现。比如：‎ ‎[例7] 2014全国新课标1卷 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.     36     By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ ‎…‎ ‎4. Self Expression ‎    40     There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ---- music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.‎ E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?‎ G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ 分析：第36题，空前句中have not been invented(还未被发明)与F项don’t yet exist（还不存在）是近义复现。‎ 第40题，空后句中ways to express thoughts and ideas(表达思想观点的方式)与G项中的communicate ideas in a meaningful way(以一种有意义的方式交流思想)也是近义复现。‎ 所以，略读（scan） 全文，特别是空格前后句时，圈出关键词；然后带着关键词寻读(skim)各选项，有意识地找出与圈出的关键词相关的词。‎