2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十六　重大政治历史事件、文化渊源（B）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十六　重大政治历史事件、文化渊源（B）

www.ks5u.com 话题十六　重大政治历史事件、文化渊源(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·安徽六校第二次联考]The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?‎ The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it took to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people feel that their actions and hard work — not outside force — decide their lives. But the participants have definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.‎ In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic (悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority — 52 percent — think that young people do not need a 4year college education in order to be successful.‎ Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.‎ ‎1．What did one have to have to succeed, which used to be commonly acknowledged in America?‎ A．A sense of drive and purpose.‎ B．An advanced academic degree.‎ C．A firm belief in his or her dream.‎ D．An ambition to get ahead.‎ ‎2．What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning ‎ the American dream?‎ A．More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.‎ B．It remains alive among the majority of American people.‎ C．An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.‎ D．Americans' idea of it has changed over the past few decades.‎ ‎3．What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?‎ A．It still remains open to debate.‎ B．It has proved to be beyond doubt.‎ C．It is much better understood now than ever.‎ D．It is no longer as important as it used to be.‎ ‎4．How do some people view college education these days?‎ A．It helps broaden their minds.‎ B．It needs to be strengthened.‎ C．It widens cultural diversity.‎ D．It promotes gender equality.‎ B ‎[2019·武汉市高三五月训练题]On September 10, 2018, Jack Ma, founder and chairman of Chinese ecommerce giant Alibaba, announced his successor(继任者) at the company. Surprisingly, in a country where 70 to 80 percent of private companies are still family run, Mr. Ma did not name a family member. Rather, one of the world's largest ecommerce companies will be led by Daniel Zhang, an 11year Alibaba old hand chosen only for his “professional talent”．‎ ‎ The history of many countries can be marked by a trend away from dependence on family succession in business, or the belief that qualities of leadership flow through bloodlines. Ma is a true innovator(创新者) in many ways, most famous for building an innovative online shopping market worth more than the economies of most countries. But his legacy(遗产) may lie in showing how China as well as much of Asia can produce founders of successful organizations unwilling to pass the torch to relatives.‎ ‎ “Alibaba was never about Jack Ma，” he stated in announcing his succession plan. Instead, the former schoolteacher who came from lowly origins is stepping back from daytoday operations because he has built a system that takes root in a company culture based on innovation, transparency, and responsibility. “For the last 10 years, we kept working on these ingredients，” he stated.‎ ‎ The company's future will depend on developing a wealth of talent that drives innovation, he said. And in a society with a long tradition ‎ of cautious distrust toward those outside the family circle, Ma has built an “architecture of trust” with customers, who number over half a billion. Chinese now readily rely on Alibaba's online payment system, its ratings of products and services, and other trustbuilding systems or methods pioneered by the company.‎ ‎ China's rapid growth now produces a new billionaire almost every day. Many of them, like Ma, have favored systems of management based on talent and honesty. As many countries have discovered as they progress, it is better to swim in a talent pool, not a gene pool.‎ ‎5．What do we know about Daniel Zhang from the passage?‎ A．He's a talented professor.‎ B．He's an experienced manager.‎ C．He's a successful founder.‎ D．He's chairman of Alibaba.‎ ‎6．Where does Ma's legacy lie in?‎ A．Becoming a successful innovative founder.‎ B．Casting doubt on traditional succession plan.‎ C．Providing creative answers to succession problems.‎ D．Representing trends towards nonfamilyrun companies.‎ ‎7．What seems to be the recipe for the company's future success?‎ A．Trustbuilding methods.‎ B．The “architecture of trust”．‎ C．A culture of talent development.‎ D．The latest successful innovations.‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Prefer Qualities to Blood B．Train a Potential Successor C．Favor Genes over Talents D．Provide New Management Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·长沙四校一模]‎ A New Trend of Micro Museums Is Making Science Portable Science museums are amazing, You can see large dinosaur bones from the huge creatures that disappeared thousands of years ago or take a look at cells under a microscope. __1__.‎ You can learn so much at a science museum if living close enough to one. However, for those who don't live in a city, getting a chance to visit science museums is not easy. “__2__， their influence is limited. There just aren't enough science museums，” said Charles Philipp. “And due to the high costs, it's unlikely that we'll be seeing a bunch of new traditional ‎ science museums popping up all over the country anytime soon.”‎ Philipp and his partner Amanda Schochet have decided to reinvent science museums by getting them small. They founded MICRO, a nonprofit organization that builds tiny 6foottall science museums, which are portable and replicable(可复制的). __3__. They can get access to it for free in such places as waiting rooms of hospitals, libraries, airports, and even shopping malls.‎ ‎__4__ , they made it with the help of a team of engineers, storytellers, and designers. Each of the micro museums has a scientific topic. The first museum is the Smallest Mollusk(软体动物) Museum showing the world of mollusks, which has won great popularity as the only museum devoted just to mollusks. A second museum is the Perpetual Motion Museum that focuses on physics and engineering and will officially open next year. It asks why things move, and why they stop. __5__. Hopefully one will come to a neighborhood near you soon.‎ ‎　A．Science museums are beneficial B．While the content is vitally important C．Although it costs nothing to visit museums D．The plan is to get people of all ages connected with science E．Even though making the tiny museums a reality was difficult F．Such new museums allow people to explore fun scientific topics G．You can also learn to think like an engineer by building a model ship Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·兰州市高三实战模拟考试]Thousands of workers are busy preparing pavilions(临时展览馆) and gardens for the International Horticultural Exhibition(世园会) 2019 Beijing, as fewer than 30 days remain until the opening.‎ The expo park 1.________ (locate) at the foot of the Great Wall in Beijing's northwestern Yanqing district. More than 110 countries and international organizations have confirmed their 2.________ (participate) in the event, as well as more than 120 unofficial exhibitors. Exhibition curators(负责人) said 41 outdoor parks will be open to 3.________ public, including 34 independent 4.________ (one)．‎ So far, China's provinciallevel regions have been divided into eight exhibition areas based 5.________ their locations.‎ Environmental protection is the key element that provincial exhibits will stress. Channels have been built around the park 6.________ (collect) rainwater. Some special stones from around the country will also stand on a grand square 7.________ connects different gardens. The stone from Jiangxi province is blue and white, 8.________ (represent) the famous blue ‎ and white porcelain(瓷器) of the province's Jingde Town.‎ This is the second time China 9.________ (host) a highlevel horticulture expo. Kunming, Yunnan province, hosted the expo in 1999. Visitors can enjoy more than 2,500 10.________ (culture) activities throughout the expo.‎ 话题十六　重大政治历史事件、文化渊源(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：议论文　题材：社会文化　主题：美国梦 ‎【文章大意】　过去大多数美国人认为接受大学教育、找到一份可靠的工作并买属于自己的房子就是实现了自己的美国梦，但随着时间的推移，美国人眼中的美国梦也变得不同了。‎ ‎【长难句分析】　Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.‎ 句式分析：本句为主从复合句，句子主干为Miguel Maeda was the first in his family to go to college。其中Miguel Maeda为主句的主语，系动词was是主句的谓语动词，the first in his family to go to college是主句中的表语。who has a master's degree and works in public health是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Miguel Maeda，补充说明主语的情况，关系代词who在定语从句中充当主语。which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability也是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。his parents and grandparents never did是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a sense of financial ‎ stability，因为关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，所以省略了关系代词which/that，而且该定语从句为了避免重复，所以用did代替动词achieved。‎ 句意：米格尔·马埃达，42岁，拥有硕士学位，从事公共卫生工作。他是家中第一个上大学的人，这使他有了一种经济稳定的感觉，这是他的父母和祖父母从未有过的。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可推知，在美国获得成功的方式就是接受大学教育、找到可靠的工作并买属于自己的房子，即过去大多数人认为要想在美国取得成功，必须要有高等学位，故选B项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Obviously，the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，研究结果表明如今美国梦和如何才能实现它的观念与20世纪晚期时很不一样，已经发生了变化，故选D项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success.”可知，在过去的七年里，美国人对教育可以带来成功的力量变得越来越悲观，再结合后面一句中提到有52%的人认为想要成功的年轻人未必需要上为期4年的大学，由此可推知，现在美国人认为大学学历对于取得成功并不像以前那么重要了，故选D项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可知，尽管一些人重视的是学位的价值而不是教育本身，但还有些人仍然把大学看作是获得新观念和生活经历的一种方式，从而开阔自己的视野，由此可知A项正确。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：新闻报道　主题：阿里巴巴传承计划 ‎ 【文章大意】　2018年9月10日，阿里巴巴集团创始人马云正式宣布张勇为自己的继任者。这一做法表明他更重视继任者的才干，而不是血缘关系。‎ ‎ 【难句分析】　Surprisingly，in a country where 70 to 80 percent of private companies are still family run, Mr. Ma did not name a family member. (Para. 1)‎ ‎ 分析：where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，先行词为a country。‎ ‎ 译文：令人惊讶的是，在一个70%到80%还是家庭经营企业的国家，马云先生没有任命一个家庭成员。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“one of the world's largest ecommerce companies will be led by Daniel Zhang, an 11year Alibaba old hand chosen only for his ‘professional talent’”可知，张勇有着专业才能，且经验丰富。故选B。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But his legacy(遗产) may lie in showing how China as well as much of Asia can produce founders of successful organizations unwilling to pass the torch to relatives”可知，马云的遗产展现在对非家族式经营的趋向。故选D。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The company's future will depend on developing a wealth of talent that drives innovation”可知，公司未来的成功在于人才文化体系的发展。故选C。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：A　考查标题判断。本文是一篇新闻报道。阿里巴巴集团创始人马云正式宣布张勇为其继任者。张勇与他无任何亲缘关系，马云的这一做法表明他重视的是人的才能，而不是血缘关系。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：微型科学博物馆 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文介绍了一种只有6英尺高的便携式可复制的微型科学博物馆，它使人们更容易接触科学博物馆和学习新的科学知识。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：G　考查细节支撑。根据前一句“You can see large dinosaur bones from the huge creatures that disappeared thousands of years ago or take a look at cells under a microscope”和下文中的“You can learn so much at a science museum...one”可知，此处应是举例你可以在科学博物馆做的事情，故G项符合语境。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　考查细节支撑。结合上文中提及博物馆的好处以及下文讲到“their influence is limited. There just aren't enough science museums”可知，空处与后半句有转折关系，故B项合适，此处意为“尽管科学博物馆的内容非常重要，但是它们产生的影响有限”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：D　考查承上启下。上文提到了Charles Philipp和Amanda Schochet决定建造微型科学博物馆，空处说明了他们建造微型科学博物馆的目的，是对前一句的进一步阐述。‎ ‎【易错点拨】　F项干扰性非常强，从语意上看，F项好像与上下文联系比较流畅，但是注意，空后句子中的it指代的是空处句子中的某个表示单数意义的词，而F项并没有符合要求的词。此外，F项强调的fun scientific topics在本段中并无信息暗示，故可以排除。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：‎ E　考查细节支撑。根据上文对微型科学博物馆的描述及下文“they made it with the help of a team of engineers, storytellers, and designers”可知，建造这样的科学博物馆绝非易事，但他们成功了，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：F　考查细节支撑。上文主要介绍了两种主题的微型科学博物馆，第一种以软体动物为主题，第二种则关注物理学和工程学，这些新型科学博物馆能够使人们了解科学方面的知识，故F项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：社会文化　主题：北京世园会 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了即将在北京开办的世界园艺博览会，包括地点、展览特色等。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：is located　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句意为：世园会园区位于北京西北部延庆区长城脚下。该句叙述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语The expo park和动词locate之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为单数，故填is located。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：participation　考查名词。该句意为：已有110多个国家和国际组织确认参展以及120多家非官方展商参展。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据their可知，空处应用名词形式。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：the　考查定冠词。该句意为：展览负责人表示，41个户外园区将向公众开放，其中包括34个独立的园区。the public为固定搭配，意为“公众”。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：ones　考查代词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处指代“outdoor park”，并结合该句中的34可知，该处应用复数形式。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：on　考查固定搭配。be based on为固定搭配，意为“以……为根据”，故填on。该句意为：到目前为止，中国的省级区域已经根据它们的位置被划分为八个展区。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：to collect　考查动词不定式。该句意为：园区周围修建了收集雨水的渠道。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：that/which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a grand square，空处在从句中作主语，故用that或者which。该句意为：来自全国各地的一些特殊的石头也将矗立在连接不同花园的大广场上。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：representing　考查现在分词。该句意为：来自江西省的石头是蓝色和白色的，代表了该省景德镇著名的青花瓷。分析该句结构可知，该句主语The stone from Jiangxi province和动词represent 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：has hosted　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句意为：这是中国第二次举办高水平的园艺博览会。根据该句中的“This is the second time”可知，该处应用现在完成时；该句主语为China，为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：cultural　考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词activities，故用形容词cultural。‎