2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（23页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（23页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．Within a few days Mary had become seriously ill，____________ (遭受)great pain.‎ ‎2．She was very ____________ (心烦)to hear that she failed in the exam again.‎ ‎3．It took a long time for him to ____________ (恢复)from a bad cold.‎ ‎4. When I saw him in the street，I stopped and smiled，but he ____________ (不理会)me and walked on.‎ ‎5．We are ____________ (感激的)to you for the help you have given us.‎ ‎6．The big earthquake that happened in Yushu destroyed the town of Yushu ____________(完全地；整个地)．‎ ‎7．According to the law，t are not allowed to smoke or drink.‎ ‎8．All children like to play ____________ (在户外)instead of staying indoors when the weather is fine.‎ ‎9．We are all ____________ about our children’s health.As far as I am ____________，lack of enough sleep ____________ the healthy growth of the children deeply.(concern)‎ ‎10．After he came to____________，everyone said he was a ____________ leader，but now he felt so ____________ that he even can’t save his daughter.(power)‎ ‎1．suffering　2.upset　3.recover　4.ignored　5.grateful 6．entirely　7.teenagers　8.outdoors　9.concerned；concerned；concerns　10.power；powerful；powerless 高频短语 ‎1．________________　合计 ‎2．________________ (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 ‎3．________________ 关心；挂念 ‎4．________________ 经历；经受 ‎5．________________ 放下；记下；登记 ‎6．________________ 一连串的；一系列；一套 ‎7．________________ 故意 ‎8．________________ 为了……‎ ‎9．________________ 在黄昏时刻 ‎10．________________ 面对面地 ‎11．________________ 遭受；患病 ‎12．________________ 对……厌烦 ‎13．________________ 将(东西)装箱打包 ‎14．________________ 与……相处；进展 ‎15．________________ 相爱；爱上 ‎1．add up　2.calm(...)down　3.be concerned about ‎4．go through　5.set down　6.a series of　7.on purpose　8.in order to　9.at dusk　10.face to face　11.suffer from ‎12．get/be tired of　13.pack(sth.)up　14.get along with ‎15．fall in love 重点句式 ‎1．____________________，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 遛狗时，你太粗心，一松手狗就被车撞了。‎ ‎2．I wonder if ________________ I haven’t been able to be outdoors for ________ long ________ I’ve grown so ______________everything to do with nature.‎ 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。‎ ‎3．Your friend comes to school ________________.‎ 你的朋友来上学时很心烦。‎ ‎4．She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months ______________________________.‎ 她和家人躲藏了将近25个月，后来被发现了。‎ ‎5．...it was the first time in a year and a half that ________________________...‎ ‎……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……‎ ‎1．While walking the dog　2.it’s because；so；that；crazy about　3.very upset　4.before they were discovered　5.I’d seen the night face to face 知识详解 ‎1 add　vt.& vi.　增加；添加；补充说 ‎(回归课本P1) Add up your score and see how many points you get.‎ 把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。‎ ‎15‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ ‎(1) add up sth./add sth.up把……加起来 ‎ add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)‎ ‎ add to增加；增添 ‎(2) add sth.to sth.把……加到/进……里 ‎ add that补充说 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎① (牛津P22)Add up all the money I owe you.‎ 把我欠你的钱全部加起来。‎ ‎②(牛津P22)The bad weather only added to our difficulties.‎ 恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。‎ ‎③He added that he was satisfied with the talk.‎ 他补充说他对会谈很满意。‎ ‎[即境活用] ‎ ‎1．The money she spends on clothes a month ________ ________ ________(加起来共计)$1,000.‎ 答案：adds up to ‎2．The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.‎ A．added to　 B．resulted from C．turned out D．made up 解析：选A。句意：船只马达失灵了，且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。add to“增加，加强”；result from“由于”；turn out“结果是”；make up“编造，化妆”。‎ ‎2upset　adj.　心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 ‎　　　　 vt.　使不安；使心烦；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱(计划等)‎ ‎(回归课本P1)Your friend comes to school very upset.‎ 你朋友来上学时很心烦。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ ‎(1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事烦心 ‎(2) (sth.)upset sb.(某事)使某人心烦意乱 ‎ (sb.)upset sth.(某人)打/弄翻某物 ‎ upset a plan打乱计划 ‎ upset oneself about sth.使某人为某事烦恼 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①He was greatly upset at the news that his father was seriously ill.父亲病重的消息让他很不安。‎ ‎②(朗文P1696)Our plans were upset by the sudden change in the weather.‎ 我们的计划由于天气的突然变化给打乱了。‎ ‎③His strange behaviour upset his father.‎ 他的奇怪行为使他父亲很心烦。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎3．完成句子 ‎(1)There is no point ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(为此事烦恼)．‎ 答案：in getting upset about it ‎(2)________ ________ ________ ________ ________(你别为这事烦恼了)．‎ ‎—Let’s just forget it.‎ 答案：Don’t upset yourself about it ‎3concern　n．　[U]关心，担忧；[C]关心的人(或)事 ‎　　　 vt.　涉及，关系到，参与；使担心，使操心 ‎(回归课本P1)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.‎ 你会告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们会见面谈谈。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ ‎ It is no concern of mine/yours.这不关我/你的 ‎ ‎ 事。‎ ‎ show/express concern about/for对……表示关 ‎ 心/担心 as/so far as...be concerned就……而言；‎ ‎ 依……之见 ‎ be concerned about/for sth.担心……；‎ ‎ 关心……‎ ‎ be concerned in/with与……有关 ‎ be concerned over/at sth.为某事忧虑 ‎(3)concern oneself about/for担忧；关心 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P302)How much money I earn is none of your concern.‎ 我挣多少钱与你无关。‎ ‎②His mother is always concerned about his future and his happiness.他的妈妈常为他的前途和幸福担心。‎ ‎③(朗文P302)As far as we’re concerned you can go whenever you want.‎ 就我们而言，你们随时想走都可以走。‎ ‎④I’m not concerned with that matter any longer.‎ 我和那件事再也没有关系了。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎4．What the public is ________ about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for this new disease in a short time.‎ A．concerning　　　　　　　　　‎ B．concern C．concerned ‎ D．to concern 解析：选C。句意：公众关心的是医疗工作者和科学家们能否在短期内找到治疗这种新疾病的方法。be concerned about 担心，关心；concerning为介词，意为“关于”，与题意不符。‎ ‎5．The meeting was concerned ________ reforms and everyone present was concerned ________ their own interests.‎ A．with；for B．with；with C．for；about D．about；with 解析：选A。句意：会议与改革有关，出席会议的每个人都担心个人利益。be concerned with“与……有关”；be concerned for/about“担心，关心”。‎ ‎4calm　vt.& vi.　使平(镇)静；(使)镇定 adj.　平静的；镇静的；沉着的 ‎(回归课本P1)You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.‎ 你不理会上课铃，而是去安静的地方安慰你的朋友。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来；镇静下来 stay/keep/be calm保持镇静 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①He is terribly excited.We must try to calm him down.‎ 他太激动了，我们必须想办法使他平静下来。‎ ‎②Calm down.There is nothing to worry about!‎ 安静下来吧。没有什么可担忧的。‎ ‎③He kept calm in face of great danger.‎ 面临巨大危险，他还是保持镇静。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ calm，quiet，silent，still calm 平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动。‎ quiet 宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。‎ silent 寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音。‎ still 静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎6．用calm；quiet；still；silent填空：‎ ‎(1)The sea was ________ after the storm.‎ 答案：calm ‎(2)The officer asked the soldier to keep ________.‎ 答案：still ‎(3)She is a shy girl and always keeps ________in class.‎ 答案：silent ‎(4)Please keep ________ when you’re listening to the lecture.‎ 答案：quiet ‎5suffer　v．　遭受；忍受；经历 ‎(回归课本P4)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.‎ 她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ ‎(1) suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/‎ ‎ punishment...遭受……，蒙受……‎ ‎ suffer from... 受……折磨，受……之苦 ‎(2) sufferer n．患病者，受苦者，受难者 ‎ suffering n．(指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛 ‎ 苦，疼痛，困难 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①He looked very pale，and seemed to have suffered a great deal.‎ 他看起来脸色苍白，好像很痛苦。‎ ‎②The people in the flooded area are suffering (from) cold and hunger.‎ 发生洪水地区的人们正忍饥挨冻。‎ ‎③The factory suffered a great loss in the fire.‎ 这家工厂在大火中遭受了重大损失。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎7．________ such a heavy loss，the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.‎ A．Having suffered　　　B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered 解析：选A。句意：遭受了严重损失之后，那位商人没有勇气继续做生意了。因为“遭受重创”先发生，故用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎8．As a result of the severe earthquake in Yushu，the whole city ________ great losses.‎ A．have suffered from B．suffered C．have suffered D．suffered from 解析：选B。suffer作及物动词，意为“受苦(痛、损失等)”，其后常跟抽象名词，如pain，loss，grief等。suffer from后常跟某种疾病，意为“受……折磨，受……之苦”。‎ ‎6 go through　经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完 ‎(回归课本P2)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through？‎ 或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ go against 违反，与……不符 go ahead 先走；开始做，着手干 go by 逝去，过去 go on 上场；继续；流逝 go over 检查 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①(牛津P873)I always start the day by going through my email.‎ 我每天第一件事就是看电子邮件。‎ ‎②The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.‎ 那可怜的女孩自从父母过世后历经了许多苦难。‎ ‎③I went through the students’ papers last night.‎ 昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的论文。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎9．完成句子 ‎(1)她经历了这一切后怎么还能满脸笑容？‎ How does she keep smiling after all she’s ________ ________？‎ 答案：gone through ‎(2)我把所有的口袋都找遍了，就是找不到我的钥匙。‎ I have ________ ________ all my pockets but I can’t find my keys.‎ 答案：gone through ‎7get along with　与……相处；进展 ‎(回归课本P6)I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.‎ 我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]　‎ get down to 认真做，开始着手做 get over 克服，摆脱 get rid of 消灭，摆脱，除掉 get through (电话)接通；用完；通过 ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①He’s a person who’s not easy to get along well with.‎ 他是一个不好相处的人。‎ ‎②(2008年高考四川卷)I used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but now we get along fine.‎ 我过去常与父母争吵，但现在我们相处得很好。‎ ‎③Believe in yourself.You will get over the difficulty.‎ 相信自己，你会克服困难的。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎10．完成句子 ‎(1)——你的英语课学得怎么样？‎ ‎—________ are you ________ ________ ________your English lessons?‎ ‎——很好。‎ ‎—Very well.‎ ‎ 答案：How；getting on/along with ‎(2)他和办公室的人相处得不好。‎ He doesn’t ________ ________ ________ ________anybody in the office.‎ 答案：get along well with ‎8in order to　为了……，以便……‎ ‎(回归课本P2)...I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.‎ ‎……我熬到十一点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。‎ ‎[例句探源]　‎ ‎①He must learn English better in order to do his work well.‎ 为了干好工作，他必须把英语学得更好些。‎ ‎②In order to get up early，he had to set his clock at six.‎ 为了早些起床，他只好把钟表定时在六点。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　‎ in order to，so as to，in order that，so that ‎(1)in order to引导的不定式短语既可以位于句首，又可置于句中。‎ ‎(2)so as to引导的不定式短语只可置于句中，不可位于句首。‎ ‎(3)in order to和so as to的否定形式是在to前加not，即in order not to，so as not to。‎ ‎(4)so that(in order that)引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常带may，might，can，could等情态动词。由in order to或so as to引导的状语，若不定式的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致，可用so that或in order that从句。‎ ‎①In order to be noticed，he shouted and waved to us.‎ ‎②He decided to work harder in order to/so as to catch up with the others.‎ ‎③Jack hurried in order not to/so as not to be late for the party.‎ ‎④We started early so that(in order that)we could catch the early bus.‎ ‎＝We started early in order to(so as to)catch the early bus.‎ ‎＝In order to catch the early bus，we started early.‎ 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　Your friend comes to school very upset.(P1)‎ 你的朋友来上学时很心烦。‎ ‎【句法分析】　upset adj.意为“心烦的；沮丧的”。在该句中为形容词作伴随状语。类似这种用法的词有：tired，hungry，awake...‎ ‎①He arrived home，tired and hungry.‎ 他回到了家，又累又饿。‎ ‎②A young lady lay in the bed，awake.‎ 一位妇女躺在床上，醒着。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎11．________ and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.‎ A．Surprising　　　　　　B．Surprised C．Being surprised D．To be surprising 解析：选B。考查形容词用法。surprised and happy是形容词短语作伴随状语。如果把原句改为“Tony stood up and accepted the prize，surprised and happy.”就容易理解了。‎ ‎12．We found the old man lying in bed，________.‎ A．coldly and hungrily B．cold and hungry C．coldly and hungry D．cold and hungrily 解析：选B。此题考查形容词作伴随状语的用法。在英语中，单个的形容词或者形容词短语可以用来作状语表示伴随或者结果，并不表达动词的方式。如：He returned home，safe and sound.他平安到家。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.(P2)‎ 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月才被抓住。‎ ‎【句法分析】　before conj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。‎ ‎(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。‎ ‎①—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?‎ 你为什么不把会议的事情告诉他？‎ ‎—He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.‎ 我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。‎ ‎(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。‎ ‎②(牛津P163)It was some time before I realized the truth.‎ 过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。‎ ‎(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。‎ ‎③(2010年高考陕西卷)John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.‎ 约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。‎ ‎(4)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。‎ ‎④I must write it down before I forget it.‎ 趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎13．完成句子 ‎(1)大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。‎ The fire lasted about four hours ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：before the firefighters could control it ‎(2)不久他就告诉了我这件事情。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he told me about it.‎ 答案：It was not long before ‎ 第一部分 单元词汇 第一节 英文释义、习惯搭配和知识拓展 ‎1. survey n. 调查；vt. 调查 英文释义1 a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out their opinions or behaviour ‎ 英文释义2 to ask a number of people questions in order to find out their opinions or behaviour 习惯搭配 do / carry out / conduct a survey of sth 调查某事 ‎2. add up 合计 英文释义 to calculate the total of several numbers 习惯搭配 add sth to sth 把……加到……上;add to 增添；add up to 加起来总计 ‎3. upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt. （upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦 英文释义1 unhappy and worried because something unpleasant or disappointing has happened 英文释义2 to make someone feel unhappy or worried 习惯搭配 be upset about: be worried about 对……不安；担心 ‎4. ignore vt .不理睬；忽视 英文释义 to pay no attention to sth. or sb.; to pretend that you have not seen sb 习惯搭配 ignore speed limits 不理睬限速；ignorethe facts 忽视事实；ignorethe traffic lights忽视交通灯；ignoreone`s advice 不理会某人建议；ignorepersonal danger 不顾个人危险 ‎5. calm vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 英文释义1 to make someone or something quiet and more relaxed after strong emotion or excitement.‎ 英文释义2 quiet and without excitement, nervous activity or strong feeling 英文释义3 of the sea-without large waves 习惯搭配 keep calm 保持平静 ‎6. have got to do sth不得不；必须 英文释义 have to do sth ‎7. concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注 ；（利害）关系 英文释义1 to make someone feel worried or upset ‎ 英文释义2 to involve sb; be about 英文释义3 worry, anxiety especially about something such as a social problem, someone`s health 习惯搭配 be concerned with和……有关系；as far as I am concerned 就我个人而言；express one`s concern about 表达对某事的关注 ‎8. walk the dog 遛狗 英文释义 to take a dog for a walk ‎.......‎ 第二节 构词变化 ‎1. ignore vt.; 不理睬；忽视；ignorant adj. 无知的; 不学无术的; ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 ‎2. concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到; concerning prep关于 ‎3.outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外；outdoor adj. 户外的; 野外的；indoors adv. 在室内; indoor adj. 室内的 ‎......‎ 第二部分 课文重点短语、句型和长难句解析 第一节 课文重点短语 ‎1. be good to sb =be friendly to sb=be kind to sb 对某人友好（P1)‎ 知识拓展 be good for sb 对某人有好处 be bad for sb 对某人有坏处 ‎2. do the following survey 做下面的调查（P1)‎ 知识拓展 do a survey of population growth 调查人口增长（P1)‎ ‎3. add up your score 加起来你的分数（P1)‎ 知识拓展 add up the bills把账单加起来；add to the trouble增添了麻烦；add to much fun 增加了乐趣; add the name to the list给名单上添个名字; add some wood to the fire給火堆里添柴; add some salt to the pot给锅里放盐（P1)‎ ‎4. another time下次; another day改天（P1)‎ ‎5. say no to sb 拒绝某人（P1)‎ 知识拓展 say yes to sb 同意某人；say goodbye to sb 向某人告别（P1)‎ ‎.....‎ 第二节 句型及长难句简单解析 ‎1. You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend can`t go until he finishes cleaning his bicycle. （本句为but引导的并列句。but后的分句是not...until 引导的时间状语从句)（P1)‎ ‎2. When he/she borrowed it last time, he / she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.‎ ‎（get sth done=have sth. done 使某事被做；过去分词作宾语补足语）（P1)‎ ‎3. You will let your friend borrow it, but tell him / her that if the camera is broken again, he/she will have to pay to get it repaired. （本句为but引导的并列句。but后的分句是that 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句是由if引导的条件状语从句，即划线部分)（P1)‎ ‎4. Your friend comes to school very upset.（划线部分作主语补足语）（P1)‎ ‎5. While walking the dog,you were careless.=While you were walking the dog, you were careless.（现在分词作时间状语，逻辑主语是主句的主语）（P1)‎ ‎......‎ 第二部分 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 童年时期的友谊 ‎409‎ ‎8分钟 ‎　　(2018·郑州高三一模)Research shows that childhood ‎ friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems.‎ Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other's arms and hugged，” recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.” ‎ Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their children. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child's play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.‎ A Skill for Life ‎“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，” says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia，psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.‎ Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.‎ The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep ‎ friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.‎ Good Friendships Don't Just Happen Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships. But，researchers warn，these friendships don't necessarily just happen. Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.‎ Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.‎ Bad Company Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their children's friendships. “When she was in first grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn't need a ‘friend’ like that.”‎ ‎“I'll bend over backwards (拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” AdlerTapia says. “I don't look at it as manipulation (操纵), just positive parental involvement.”‎ 语篇解读：研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。‎ ‎1．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that________.‎ A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend 解析：选A　细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊印证了本部分的标题“Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play”，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by“________”．‎ A．aggressive　　　　　　　 B．disappointing C．ridiculous D．harmful 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona ... while the lack of friends is detrimental.”可知，“while”表示对比，“detrimental”与前面的“beneficial”相对应。‎ ‎3．We can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from________.‎ A．social skills and good study habits B．school grades and classroom behaviors C．academic success and social adaptation D．positive parental involvement and social skills 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“Good Friendships Don't Just Happen”中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎4．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia agrees that________.‎ A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens B．it's wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 人际关系有利于心理健康 ‎271‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·河南洛阳一中第一次月考) Recently a man came to me, because he was told that there is fluid (积液) around his heart. After trying many drugs which were of no use to reduce the fluid, the doctor told him the only other choice was to have an operation. He refused because he knew that every illness has a mental cause and that if he had the operation but did not clear the mental cause, the fluid would return. At last, he searched the Internet to find a psychologist (心理专家), and he found me.‎ The mental cause of his disease was an experience of breaking up five years ago with several friends, whom he had known for over twenty years. This experience broke his heart. Not knowing how to “mend” his broken heart, his body created a “repair” by surrounding his heart with fluid to protect it from the sad feelings.‎ Much of our work was done to make him recognize the feelings of being loved and forgiving his friends. Months later, his heart was mended ‎ and the fluid disappeared. He left my office after the final meeting with a smile on his face.‎ The key is: to create a healthy body, you must be healthy not only in body, but also in mind.‎ To be mentally healthy, you need to build up strong relationships. Creating strong relationships will make it certain that you are living together in a network of loving persons. It is important for building a support system that lifts your spirits. Even when you are alone, you will not feel lonely or upset. Strong relationships are not spaceships — they are not hard to build.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过叙述一个病人的经历，告诉我们：心理健康对于身体健康也是非常有必要的，为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系。‎ ‎5．In order to cure his illness, which of the following ways did the patient try?‎ ‎①taking many medicines　②having an operation　③seeing a mentality doctor　④visiting different doctors A．②③ B．①③‎ C．①②③ D．①②③④‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“After trying many drugs which were of no use to reduce the fluid ... At last, he searched the Internet to find a psychologist (心理专家), and he found me.”可知，病人吃了很多药，后来还找了心理专家。故选B。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”．‎ A．a mentally healthy body B．a repaired heart C．a network of loving persons D．a support system 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据文章最后一段中的“To be mentally ‎ healthy ... you are living together in a network of loving persons.”可知，为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系，这将确保你生活在一个充满爱心的人的网络中。所以，“It”指代“a network of loving persons”。故选C。‎ ‎7．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Loving others will keep you in good spirits.‎ B．Heart illness can be cured without operation.‎ C．Creating strong relationships will keep you healthy.‎ D．Mental health is necessary for physical health.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据作者通过一个病人康复的例子和第四段内容以及最后一段中的“To be mentally healthy, you need to build up strong relationships.”可知，心理健康对于身体健康是非常有必要的。故选D。‎ ‎8．If this passage is continued with another paragraph, what would it be probably about?‎ A．How to build strong relationships.‎ B．How to protect your heart.‎ C．How to keep healthy mentally.‎ D．How to live a healthy life.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。文章说为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系，根据最后一句“Strong relationships are not spaceships — they are not hard to build.”说“牢固的人际关系不难建造”可知，下文应该会介绍如何建立良好的人际关系。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·太原市高三第一次模拟)Last autumn, I took a sightseeing trip to Paris. I walked in the street __1__ I heard a voice say, “Can you ‎ help me？” Turning around, I __2__ an elderly blind woman with her hand extended. In a natural __3__， I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her. I was __4__ at being bothered by a beggar. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I don't want your __5__， and I just need help to find the post office.”‎ Immediately, I __6__ what I had done. I acted with prejudice — I __7__ another person simply by what I thought she was. I hated what I saw in __8__.‎ The thing I have forgotten about myself is that I am a(n) __9__. I left Honduras for the U．S. at the age of 15. I __10__ my new life with two suitcases, my brother and my sister, and a strongminded mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, a doorkeeper and a pizza delivery driver among many other humble jobs. __11__ I became a network engineer.‎ In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of __12__. At the age of 17, I worked as a __13__， and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not take school __14__， he would end up like me.‎ But now, living my American middleclass lifestyle, it is too __15__ to forget my past, to __16__ who I am and where I have been, and to __17__ sight of where I want to go. But that blind woman __18__ me of my blindness and helped keep my eyes and heart __19__. By the way, I helped the old lady to the post office. I hope to __20__ her for the priceless lesson.‎ 语篇解读：面对向“我”求助的一位双目失明的老妇人，“我”想当然地把她当作乞丐而给予施舍，但她只想让“我”告诉她去邮局的路。这次经历给“我”‎ 上了宝贵的一课——不要用带有偏见的眼光去判断他人。‎ ‎1．A.while　　　　　　　　　 B．as C．until D．when 解析：选D　由语境可知，“我”在街上走着，这时听到一个声音。when意为“在……时”。注意：while所引导的时间状语从句中，动词只能是延续性的。‎ ‎2．A.knew B．saw C．heard D．recognized 解析：选B　转过身，“我”看到了一位失明的老妇人伸着手。‎ ‎3．A.reaction B．state C．situation D．scenery 解析：选A　作为一种自然的反应，“我”把手伸到口袋里拿出了所有的零钱放到她手里。‎ ‎4．A.excited B．annoyed C．embarrassed D．amused 解析：选B　被一个乞丐打扰，“我”感到很生气。‎ ‎5．A.help B．advice C．money D．food 解析：选C　此处是指老妇人想要的不是“我”的钱。‎ ‎6．A.learned B．accepted C．realized D．admitted 解析：选C　根据上下文可知，“我”立刻意识到“我”的行为是带有偏见的。‎ ‎7．A.trusted B．blamed C．doubted D．judged 解析：选D　由语境可知，“我”只是根据自己的想法去判断别人。‎ ‎8．A.herself B．myself C．them D．another 解析：选B　“我”讨厌在自己身上所看到的行为。‎ ‎9．A.stranger B．visitor C．engineer D．immigrant 解析：选D　根据空后的“I left Honduras for the U．S.”可知，“我”是个移民。‎ ‎10．A.started B．continued C．kept D．stopped 解析：选A　“我”在这里开始了“我”的新生活。‎ ‎11．A.Hopefully B．Naturally C．Obviously D．Eventually 解析：选D　由语境可知，这么多年来，“我”做了许多卑微的工作，最后终于成了一名网络工程师。‎ ‎12．A.appreciation B．kindness C．prejudice D．pride 解析：选C　根据下文的例子可知，“我”受到过很多人对“我”的偏见。‎ ‎13．A.businessman B．waiter C．leader D．lawyer 解析：选B　有个父亲告诉他的儿子：如果在学校不好好读书，结局将会像“我”一样。结合四个选项可知，选B项。‎ ‎14．A.seriously B．quickly C．carelessly D．fortunately 解析：选A　他如果不认真学习，他的结局会像“我”一样。take sth. seriously“认真对待某事”。‎ ‎15．A.regretful B．late C．easy D．difficult 解析：选C　“我”现在过着美国式中产阶级的富足生活，很容易忘记过去。‎ ‎16．A.forget B．remember C．imagine D．feel 解析：选A　此处重复了前面的forget，指忘记了自己是谁，曾经在哪里。‎ ‎17．A.catch B．lose C．miss D．confuse 解析：选B　lose sight of“忽略，忘记，看不见”。‎ ‎18．A.warned B．informed C．accused D．cured 解析：选D　但是那个失明的老妇人治愈了“我”的“失明”。cure sb. of sth.“治愈某人的……”。‎ ‎19．A.open B．quiet C．clean D．warm 解析：选A　她让“我”睁开了眼睛，打开了“我”的心门。‎ ‎20．A.persuade B．praise C．thank D．admire 解析：选C　“我”感谢她给“我”上了如此宝贵的一课。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·石家庄一模)I remember the occasion when mother sent me to the main road, about twenty yards away from our house, to invite a passing group of seasonal workseekers for a meal. She__1__(instruct) me to take a basket along and collect dry cow dung (牛粪) for making a fire. I was then to prepare the meal for the group of workseekers.‎ ‎__2__ thought of making an open fire outside at midday，and___3__(cook)in a large threelegged pot in that intense heat, was sufficient to upset even an angel. I did not manage to hide my feelings from my mother and, after serving the group, she called me to the veranda (走廊)__4__ she usually sat to attend to her sewing and knitting.‎ ‎__5__ (look) straight into my eyes, she asked “Why did you get angry___6__ I requested you to prepare a meal for those poor people？”___7__ my attempt to deny her blame, using the heat of the fire and the sun as an excuse for my rude behavior, mother gave me a firm look，__8__(say), “You cannot detect what trouble may lie ahead of you.”‎ I__9__ (sudden) realized that if I had refused to offer this group of people a meal，__10__ would be impossible that in my travels some time in the future，I would get these individuals' help.‎ 语篇解读：小时候，母亲让“我”到我们家附近的路上邀请那些找季节性工作的人来“我”家吃午饭。“我”还得捡干牛粪生火。看到“我”一脸的不悦，母亲批评了“我”一顿。“我”认识到，也许有一天，“我”会需要这些人的帮助。‎ ‎1．instructed　本空在主语后作谓语动词，整篇文章主体时态用的是一般过去时，因此应填动词的过去式。‎ ‎2．The　本空在名词前，填定冠词The，表示特指。‎ ‎3．cooking　由空格前的and可知，本空与前面的短语“making an open fire outside at midday”并列，作介词of的宾语，因此填cooking。‎ ‎4．where　空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the veranda，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此填关系副词where。‎ ‎5．Looking　本空应填现在分词Looking，作状语，表示伴随状况。母亲直视着“我”的眼睛，问“我”为什么因帮助别人而闷闷不乐。‎ ‎6．when　根据句意可知，空格处需填连词when，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。‎ ‎7．Despite　结合语境可知，此处填介词Despite“尽管，不管”。‎ ‎8．saying　say与mother之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。‎ ‎9．suddenly　空格在动词前，应填副词suddenly作状语，修饰动词。‎ ‎10．it　代词it用作形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。‎