河北省衡水市延安中学高三第一次重点考试英语

河北省衡水市延安中学高三第一次重点考试英语

河北省衡水市延安中学2019届高三第一次重点考试--英语 第Ⅰ卷 （选择题）‎ 第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）‎ 第一节：语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词旳划线部分读音相同旳选项.‎ ‎( ) 1. base   ‎ A. valley    B. organ  C. agency  D. contrary ‎( ) 2. medical   ‎ A. niece  B. scold  C. science  D. special ‎( ) 3. blouse ‎ A. southern       B. country      C. soul       D. pronounce ‎( ) 4. finger          ‎ A. geography      B. orange       C. stranger   D. graduate ‎( ) 5. exist   ‎ A. explanation  B. exercise  C. exhibit  D. excellent 第二节 补全对话 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)‎ 根据对话内容，从对话后旳选项中选出能填入空白处旳最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项.‎ Sandy‎ is at home. She is now calling Lisa, her classmate.‎ Sandy‎: Hi, Lisa. Have you finished helping your parents?‎ Lisa: I finished cleaning the living room a little while ago, but I haven’t cleaned my bedroom yet.‎ ‎6‎ Sandy‎: I know what you mean. 7 Do you think you’ll be finished soon?‎ Lisa: It should be done in about an hour.‎ Sandy‎: 8‎ Lisa: I did the English homework last night. 9 I don’t understand it.‎ Sandy‎: Me neither. 10 We can help each other work it out.‎ Lisa: OK. Then we can go and have our hair cut.‎ Sandy‎: Great. See you in a little while.‎ A. I don’t like math at all.‎ B. But I haven’t started my math yet.‎ C. Housework is tiring, and I’m tired D. What do you think we should do then?‎ E. Why don’t we do it together this afternoon?‎ F. Have you looked at Monday’s homework yet G. I also hate doing the cleaning around the house.‎ 第三节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项.‎ ‎( ) 11. --- Would you mind if I named my dog after your son?‎ ‎---________！My wife and I will both be proud of it.‎ A. I hope not B. Not a little C. Nonsense D. Not in the least ‎( ) 12. Relax yourself every day,________ you'll be too tired to get good grades.‎ A. and B. or C. for D. but ‎( ) 13. On April 13th, 2012_______ press conference is held by Los Angeles Police Department at ___________crime scene of a shooting incident.‎ A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎( ) 14. Jamaican Usain Bolt was reported ______the world record of ‎100m in 9.69 seconds, thus winning his first gold medal.‎ A. breaking B. having broken C. to be broken D. to have broken ‎( ) 15. Try to be independent, for your parents can't do__________for you all your life.‎ A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything ‎( ) 16. The rich shouldn't________their wealth. Instead, they should ‎ contribute more money to the poor.‎ A. show off B. take off C. put off D. give off ‎( ) 17. Everyone is different and that is ________ makes our world so much better.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. who ‎( ) 18. There are lots of problems in your hometown, but we're happy to see many of them________.‎ A. are solving B. are solved C. have solved D. are being solved ‎( ) 19. ---- May I smoke here?‎ ‎---- If you , choose a seat in the smoking section.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. may ‎( ) 20. ---We're going for a picnic next Sunday, and I'd like you to join us.‎ ‎---____________！I have to see my grandmother. She has been ill for two weeks.‎ A. What a pity B. Good luck C. That’s all right D. Go ahead ‎( ) 21. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.‎ A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as much as D. as twice much as ‎( ) 22 .---You seem familiar with Mr. John?‎ ‎----Of course, we________ together for three years in the 1990s.‎ A. have worked B. had worked C. are working D. worked ‎( ) 23. The police are looking for the witnesses,__________ words will make a difference to the victim.‎ A. whose B. which C. where D. when ‎( ) 24. The old gentleman is considering _________he will move to New York with his daughter and son-in-law or live alone at home.‎ A. when B. how C. what D. whether ‎( ) 25.____________for children, the album became popular with Parents __________it came out.‎ A. Designed; when B. Designed; immediately C. To design; as soon as D. Designing; as 第四节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题旳A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项.‎ One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”I thought for a minute, and then I said, “I’ll explain, 26 you can just wait until we make a quick 27 at the grocery store. I have something 28 to show you.” At grocery store, we 29 some apples --- red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, “It’s time to 30 your question.” I put one apple of each 31 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 32 look on his face.‎ ‎“People are like apples. They come in all 33 colors, shapes and sizes. On the 34 , some of the apples may not 35 look as the others.” As I was talking, Adam was 36 each one carefully. Then, I took each of the apples and peeled（削皮）them, 37 them back on the table, but ‎38 a different place. “Okay, Adam, tell me which is which..”He said, “I 39 tell. They all look same now.” “Take a bite of 40 . See if that helps you 41 which one is which.”He took 42 , and then a huge smile came cross his face..”People are ‎ ‎43 like apples! They are all different, but once you 44 the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside.”He totally 45 it. I didn’t need to say or do anything else.‎ ‎( ) 26. A. although B. so C. because D. if ‎( ) 27. A. stop B. start C. turn D. stay ‎( ) 28. A. expressive B. encouraging C. informative D. interesting ‎( ) 29. A. bought B. counted C. saw D. collected ‎( ) 30. A. check B. mention C. answer D. improve ‎( ) 31. A. size B. type C. shape D. class ‎( ) 32. A. worried B. satisfied C. proud D. curious ‎( ) 33. A. ordinary B. normal C. different D. regular ‎( ) 34. A. outside B. whole C. table D. inside ‎( ) 35. A. still B. even C. only D.‎ ‎ ever ‎( ) 36. A. examining B. measuring C. drawing D. packing ‎( ) 37. A. keeping B. placing C. pulling D. giving ‎( ) 38. A. on B. toward C. for D. in ‎( ) 39. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎( ) 40. A. each one B. each other C. the other D. one another ‎( ) 41. A. admit B. consider C. decide D. believe ‎( ) 42. A. big bites B. deep breaths C. a firm hold D. a close look ‎( ) 43. A. just B. always C. merely D. seldom ‎( ) 44. A. put away B. get down C. hand out D. take off ‎( ) 45.A. made B. took C. got D. did 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给旳A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.‎ A Long ago in a small town, there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors. A small, happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit.‎ When he arrived, he bounced(跳) happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself staring at 1,000 other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as his. He smiled a great smile, and was answered with 1,000 great smiles just as warm and friendly. As he left the house, he thought to himself, “ This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit often.”‎ In this same village, another little dog, who was not quite as happy as the first one, decided to visit the house. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door. When he saw the 1,000 unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him, he growled at them and was horrified to see 1,000 little dogs growling back at him. As he left, he thought to himself, “This is a horrible place, and I will never go back there ‎ again.”‎ All the faces in the world are mirrors. What kind of reflections do you see on the faces of the people you meet?‎ ‎( ) 46. Why was the first dog surprised when he entered the house?‎ A. Because he didn’t expect to see so many happy dogs.‎ B. Because he didn’t know there were 1,000 mirrors in the house.‎ C. Because he was always in a mixed mood.‎ D. Because he saw so many dogs smiling at him.‎ ‎( ) 47. Why did the first dog like the house?‎ A. Because there were 1,000 mirrors in the house.‎ B. Because he thought he could keep himself warm in the house.‎ C. Because he liked every thing presented to him.‎ D. Because he felt he was welcome here.‎ ‎( ) 48. The underlined word “ growl” probably means ______.‎ A. make an unfriendly noise B. smile C. say hello D. stare ‎( ) 49. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A. A Small happy Little Dog ‎ B. The House of 1,000 Mirrors C. The Wonderful Place and the Horrible Place. ‎ D. Two Little Dogs B ‎1970 was “World Conservation Year”. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world was in danger. They hoped that the governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves. What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are hoping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of eleven kilometres of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “No, One’s Going to Change our World.” It was ‎ made by Scatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals. ‎( ) 50. There are few plants, trees and flowers in Holland now because _______.‎ A. there has been a lot of conservation in Holland B. Holland does not need so many plants, trees and flowers C. many plants, trees and flowers don't grow there any more D. some plants, trees and flowers are dangerous ‎( ) 51. We shall destroy ourselves if we don't _______.‎ A. try our best to save the world B. hear about the record called “No, One’s Going to Change our World” C. improve our technology in planting trees D. change the earth ‎( ) 52. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. 1970 was “World Conservation Year”. B. The United Nations wanted everybody to know that the world is in danger. C. Conservation is necessary. D. It is the young people who are helping to save our world.‎ C GET YOUR DEGREE AT HOME!‎ Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career? It means a lot of Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma.‎ Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today’s growing fields-without having to go to college full time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time-so you don’t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking ＆Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids-even professional-quality tools and equipment-everything you need to master your training and more ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition(学费) price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized! Nearly 2, 000 American companies-including General Electric, IBM, Mobile, General Motors, Ford, and many others-have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employees in your area will, too!‎ Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career ‎ diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today’s hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own! Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at home training!‎ Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon(票券) above. Then write in the name and number of the one program you’re most interested in, and mail it today. We’ll rush your free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you’ve chosen. Act today!‎ Mail coupon today! Or call the number below 1-800-372-1589. Call any time, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www. Harcourt-learning. com E-mail：Harcourt＠learning. com.‎ ‎( ) 53. This advertisement aims at calling on people to ________.‎ A. attend full-time universities B. work part time to further their education C. improve their education at home to get better jobs D. earn their degrees in different ways that suit them ‎( ) 54. Which of the following is NOT clearly mentioned in this ‎ advertisement?‎ A. The way how you will get your degree.‎ B. Tuition price.‎ C. The hot fields you will be preparing yourself for.‎ D. The length of time it will take you to get a degree.‎ ‎( ) 55. What does the writer of this ad intend to say by naming General Electric, IBM, Ford, etc.?‎ A. To show that their training is widely used in the country.‎ B. To show the importance of getting recognized by the most famous companies.‎ C. To show that the training program is fully supported by famous companies in the U. S.‎ D. To prove the value of their training in every area ‎( ) 56. It seems to the writer that the greatest attraction for people to take their training is______.‎ A. its convenience B. the degree’s nation-wide recognition C. the economic benefit it will bring about D. the hot fields the training will help people to enter D Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices ‎ in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.‎ One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism（民族主义）, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements (组成部分) of culture：language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.‎ Language A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.‎ Values and Attitudes Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence ‎ international business. For example，many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.‎ Customs and Manners Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad (色拉) before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.‎ ‎( ) 57.A knowledge of the local language allows international business people________.‎ A. to be more open with their customers B. to communicate without outside help C. to express their thoughts indirectly D. to have a better idea of their own culture ‎( ) 58.The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of________.‎ A. manners　　　　B. values C. attitudes D.‎ ‎ customs ‎( ) 59.What would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Misconceptions in Business ‎ B. Basic Beliefs in Business C. International Business Culture ‎ D. Successful International Business ‎( ) 60.The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell ‎ people________.‎ A. how to take a right attitude in business B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business C. how to use a local language in business D. how to act politely and properly in business 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题旳最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.选项中有一项为多余项.选E涂A+B, 选F涂A+C，选G涂A+D.‎ A. The police felt puzzled.‎ B. The great loss of the bank.‎ C. Giving money to beggars.‎ D. A “civilized citizen”.‎ E. Gardener—biggest bank robber.‎ F. Survey and appeal.‎ ‎61. ___________‎ To his neighbors, Paulo Sergio was a polite and pleasant man in his 40s who liked gardening. But to Brazil's police, he is the biggest bank robber in the South American country's history who set up a fictitious(虚构旳) landscaping business—called Grama Sintetica (Synthetic Grass)—to hide the fact that his gang was digging a tunnel into a bank vault(保险库) full of money.‎ ‎62. ___________‎ Police say Sergio, as his neighbors knew him, and his companions in crime dug an 80metrelong tunnel from the ground of the fake gardening business to the Blanco Central branch in the northeastern city of Fortaleza, and made off with (偷) $90 million. The gang took 3.5 tones worth of banknotes and carried the spoils(赃物) unnoticed out of the front door of Sergio's business based in a house in the city's business district.‎ ‎63. ___________‎ Police aren't sure how the robbers broke through the vault's one meter thick iron and cement floor. No explosion was heard, but an officer said the use of explosives isn't being ruled out（排除）. ‎ The weekend robbery—discovered only after bank employees came to work on Monday—is the biggest bank robbery in Brazilian history.‎ ‎64. ___________‎ The Brazilian Central Bank has begun its own internal investigation.” We are looking into several aspects of the crime including why the cameras and motion detectors inside the vault did not function and if the thieves had any inside help，” said Central Bank spokeswoman. The house, located at 1071 Rua 25 de Marco, has become a local attraction in Fortaleza. Dozens of curious Brazilians visit the notorious home and guess the money's whereabouts.‎ ‎65.___________‎ Neighbors said Sergio was often accompanied by a white man who was much less friendly. “He was a very polite guy，” said Pedro Alexandra. “When he came, he would greet everyone.” Alexandra remembered seeing Sergio look for a taxi on Saturday morning with a “package in one hand and a bag in the other that he carried with the help of another person”. “Some Saturdays he came to drink a beer, but I never saw him drunk，” said a cook，“Sometimes he would order food to go. I remember him giving money to two beggars once.”‎ 第三部分：写作（共三节，满分55分）‎ 第一节：单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎66. It’s no use ___________________ (后悔) what you have done.‎ ‎67. We sat chatting for a few _______________（分钟）after finishing our meal.‎ ‎68.He___________________（企图） to escape being punished but failed.‎ ‎69. He didn’t accept my __________________ (要求) that he do the work.‎ ‎70. Our school is trying to make more dormitories___________________ (可用旳) for the students.‎ ‎71. The acceptance of new members is _____________________ (严格) controlled..‎ ‎72. She made many _______ (购买) at the department store.‎ ‎73. He was disappointed because he had not _______________（表现）well in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.‎ ‎74. His actions _____________________ (宣布) him （to be） an honest man.‎ ‎75. He was ______________________ (好奇) to know what was happening in the office.‎ 第二节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写旳以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词旳增加、删除或修改.‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加旳词.‎ 删除：把多余旳词用斜线（） 划掉.‎ 修改：在错旳词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后旳词.‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分.‎ On January 5th, students in our school visited Robot World, which we saw a great diversity of robot. It was amazed to find those robots could do a great number of things just like real people, including playing chess, playing piano and drawing pictures. What’s more, the robots were in different kinds and shapes, which made us enjoyable. In addition, that excited me most was the show given by a group of robots. They danced just as if they are dancers on the stage. By visiting Robot World, I have learned a lot of about robots , especial about their functions and shapes. The great human wisdom is so powerful that it make us feel more comfortable live in the world.‎ 第三节：书面表达(满分30分)‎ 在英语课堂上，你喜欢你旳老师上课时只用英语，还是英语汉语兼用？某英语杂志就此话题邀请中学生发表看法.请你围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only, or in both English and Chinese?”这个话题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文.‎ 注意：1.只选择一种授课形式；2.词数120个左右 授课形式一：只用英语 授课形式二：英语汉语兼用 优点：有助于提高听说能力等……‎ 缺憾：不易听懂等……‎ 结论：‎ 优点：易于理解等……‎ 缺憾：英语氛围不浓等……‎ 结论：‎ 参考答案 第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）‎ 第一节：语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1--5 CBDDC 第二节 补全对话 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 6--10 CGFBE 第三节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎11--15 DBADC 16--20 ACDCA 21--25 BDADB 第四节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎26—30 DADAC 31—35 BDCAB 36—40 ABDBA 41—45CAADC 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ ‎46—49 ADAB 50—52 CAC 53—56 CBDC 57—60 BCCB 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）61—65. EBAFD 第三部分：写作（共三节，满分55分）‎ 第一节：单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎66. regretting 67. minutes 68. attempted 69. requirement 70. available 71. strictly 72. purchases 73. performed 74. declared 75. curious 第二节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ ‎1. 第一行 which改为where ‎2. 第二行 robot改为robots ‎3. 第二行 amazed改为amazing ‎4. 第四行 piano前加the ‎5. 第五行 that改为what ‎6. 第六行 are改为were ‎7. 第七行 of去掉 ‎8. 第八行 especial改为especially ‎9. 第九行 make改为makes ‎10.第九行 live前加to 第三节：书面表达(满分30分)【参考范文】‎ ‎(A)‎ I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. Classes taught in English provide students with such an environment. When English is the only language used in the classroom, students will have more opportunities listening and speaking. Therefore, they will be able to learn more quickly.‎ However, there are some problems with this teaching method. As we haven’t mastered enough English words, sometimes we may find it difficult to follow the teacher. Slow learners may even lose interest in English.‎ Practice makes perfect. To learn English well requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English.‎ ‎(B)‎ I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English. In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. s middle school students, we only have a small vocabulary. If the teacher can use some Chinese in an English class, we will understand the lesson better.‎ Of course, an English class taught in two languages has its shortcomings. Such a class cannot create a good atmosphere for English learning. Some students will speak Chinese all the time and cannot learn English well.‎ If you want to learn a lesson well, you have to understand it first. To help students understand the lesson better, the teacher should use Chinese from time to time. Therefore, I like my teacher to use both English and Chinese in teaching.‎ 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一