【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态与语态考点探索及演练学案(22页word版)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态与语态考点探索及演练学案(22页word版)

‎2018届二轮复习 动词时态与语态考点探索及演练 ‎        ‎ 考点探索 时态与语态是每年高考必考内容,所占比重大,用法覆盖面广,单项选择及整个第二卷无不涉及到时态与语态。时态的考查多与语态及动词的其它用法结合起来考查,如情态动词的被动语态,动词短语的被动语态以及用在虚拟语气、句型结构中等等。例如:‎ ‎①(2014年广东语法填空)We ____18____(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, ____19(but)____ for the week after.‎ ‎②(2014年辽宁语法填空)Be patient! Tai Chi ____66____ (call) “shadow boxing" in English.‎ ‎【解析】①第18空答案为were told。根据句后的hadn’t been told可知此动作发生在tell动作之前,故tell应使用一般过去时,我们是被别人告诉的,应使用被动语态。‎ ‎②is called。句意:小心!太极在英语中被称为“影子拳击”。表示一般常识,应使用一般现在时,又因太极是被人们赋予的一种称呼,应使用被动语态。‎ 一、时态使用注意要点 ‎1.英语中有多达16种时态,但常用的只有12种,即一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、现在进行时,一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时,过去完成进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。这其中将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时没有被动语态。‎ ‎2.有些表示感觉、感官、情感、存在或所有方面的动词如:know,look,forget,remember,understand,want,feel,seem,mind,see,hear,notice,smell,like,love,please,hope,have(有),lie(位于),appear,remain,exist,belong等,一般用现在时而不用进行时。例如:‎ ‎(×)I want to see him at the moment.‎ ‎(√)I am wanting to see him at the moment.‎ ‎(2014年上海语法填空) The machine ____34____ (equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.‎ ‎【解析】is equipped。be equipped with“配备有……”,属于固定结构,表示一种存在或状态,不用进行时,但配备是被动的,应使用被动式。‎ ‎3.进行时和always/continuously/ frequently/ constantly连用常表示一种感情色彩如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。‎ ‎(2010安徽22.) No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ________ (look) up to you wishing they were that high.‎ ‎【解析】looking。根据句意,此处表示“总是有人在仰视你希望他们也有那样高大”,这句若改成定语从句应是there is always someone who is looking up to you wishing they were that high,使用了be always doing结构表示“总是在做某事”,包含有一种感情色彩。‎ ‎4.在条件状语从句、时间和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。‎ ‎(2014湖南34.)Whenever he ________(buy), a present, he will think about it from the receiver’s point of view.‎ ‎【解析】buys。Whenever引导的是时间状语从句,时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时,主语是单数第三人称,故答案为buys。‎ ‎5.将来时有多种表示法,但如果不是为了特别强调某些特殊情况或是特殊句型(如be about to do when…),使用will+动词原形即可,过去将来时则使用would加动词原形。‎ ‎(2014北京31.) — What time is it?‎ ‎  —I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.‎ ‎【解析】will check。根据空格前的just a minute可知check的动作在将来才能发生,前面是一般现在时have,故此处应为一般将来时。‎ ‎6.现在完成时与一般过去时 考生在这两种时态方面用混的情况非常普遍。现在完成时是和过去、现在都有关系的时态,而一般过去时只单纯表示过去某时发生的动作,与现在没有任何联系。‎ ‎(2014上海语法填空) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38) ________ (force) village shops across the country to close.‎ ‎【解析】has forced。句首的In recent years属于应与现在完成时连用的时间状语,主语是pressure为单数,故答案为has forced。‎ ‎7.瞬时动词可以用于现在完成时,但不能和表示持续时间的状语连用。这类动词有buy,join,die, leave, begin, become, arrive, get up, get to know等。‎ ‎(2011北京27.)—That must have been a long trip.‎ ‎—Yeah, it ________ (take) us a whole week to get there. ‎ ‎【解析】took。此处表示在过去某时我们花了一个星期赶到那里,使用一般过去时,take表示“花费”时属于瞬时动词不能与表示持续的时间状语a whole week连用。‎ ‎8.不是所有的表示一段时间的for短语都能与完成时态连用。‎ ‎(2014福建23.)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?‎ ‎   —I went to Ningxia and ________(stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. ‎ ‎【解析】stayed。此句中只表示曾在南京呆过一年,没有出现是在过去某时之前呆过,即没有过去时态的参照点,同时动作也没持续到现在,故只能使用一般过去时。‎ ‎9.过去完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时 这三种时态是相对应的,如果没有过去时间状语或其它表示过去的相对时间状语做参照,就不能随意使用。‎ ‎(2013广东语法填空)Suddenly he ________ (find) he had run out of salt.‎ ‎【解析】found。此处是主从复合句,从句中使用了过去完成时,而“发现”是发生在“用完食盐”之后,故此处应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎10.表示“经验,经历”常用完成时;但如果涉及到何时、何地、何种方式做的某事时,应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2014年全国新课标Ⅱ语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “____68____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” ‎ ‎【解析】did。“丢了手提箱”表示“经历”,本应用现在完成时,但因此处出现了表示具体位置的at the last stop,故只能使用一般过去时,因是一般疑问句,应将did提至句首。‎ ‎11.在没有时间状语的情况下,如果表示一次性的动作行为使用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2014年全国Ⅱ语法填空)A boy on a bike ____65____ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.‎ ‎【解析】caught。本句中没有出现时间状语,但根据下句was riding可知此处动作发生在过去某时,应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎12.intend, hope, plan, think, mean, want, expect等动词的过去完成时可用来表示“本来打算做某事而没做”。‎ ‎(2012浙江13.) Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ________(abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.‎ ‎【解析】abandoned。根据上文had intended to take可知是本来打算做的,但后来放弃了,放弃是过去所做的具体事情。应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎13.注意主从复合句时态一致性原则:主句时态若是一般过去时,从句必须使用过去时态;主句若使用的是一般现在时,则从句可以根据具体情况灵活处理。 ‎ ‎(2014年全国Ⅰ语法填空)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ____61____(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. ‎ ‎【解析】was。后面的从句that it could ever be cleaned up中使用了一般过去时,且上文中谓语动词也使用的是一般过去时,根据时态性一致原则,此处也应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎14.注意一些固定句型中的时态 ‎①have done+ since从句/It’s +时间段+since从句 ‎(2014年全国Ⅰ短文改错) Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. ‎ ‎【解析】had改为have。句首出现了since,且此处表示“一直让西红柿自由繁殖”,故使用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎②It’s the first/ second/ one’s time that…have done…‎ ‎(2009陕西9.) This is the first time we ________ (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.  ‎ ‎【解析】have seen。考查句型This is the first time (that)…主句中必须使用现在完成时。‎ ‎③No sooner had…done…than…‎ ‎(2011辽宁29.)He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started cheering. ‎ ‎【解析】than。考查no sooner…than…的句型,表示“刚做某事,某事就发生了”,应使用连词than连接。‎ ‎④Hardly/ Scarcely had…done…when…‎ ‎(2012全国卷II 11.) I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phone me to go back home at once.‎ ‎【解析】when。考查hardly…when…引导的结构,表示“刚做某事,某事就发生”,此处应使用when连接。‎ ‎⑤had just done…before…‎ ‎(2010福建26.) The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her .‎ ‎【解析】before。考查had just done…before…的句型,表示“刚做某事,某事就发生”,此处应使用before引导。‎ 二、 语态使用注意要点 二、 ‎1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态形式,不及物动词不能构成被动语态。不能构成被动语态的不及物动词,其含义又近似及物动词且常作为考点的词有happen,take place, break out, appear, disappear, belong to, occur, start等。‎ ‎①(2014福建短文填词)Actually, severe damage ( 84) d________ to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. ‎ ‎【解析】done。do damage to是动词短语表示“对……造成损害”,damage置于前面,故应是被动式,根据结构此处做定语,应使用过去分词形式表被动。‎ ‎②(2014辽宁短文改错)This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.‎ ‎【解析】starts改为started。start表示“开始”时,只有主动形式,此处表示在五点钟前开始叫,属于过去的具体时间,应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎2.有些动词的主动式表示被动意义。‎ ‎①be worth doing ‎(2008北京35.)It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and________ (introduce) better ones of your own.‎ ‎【解析】introducing。从句考查be worth doing用主动表被动的用法,此处and后的动词应与considering为并列结构,因此也应使用现在分词。‎ ‎【注意】若使用worthy则应是be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done。‎ ‎②need/ want/ require doing ‎(2012湖南21.) We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ (do) to achieve the final success.‎ ‎【解析】to be done。need后面接动名词主动式表示被动意义,选项A错误,若使用不定式则需使用被动语态。故答案为C。‎ ‎3.有些动词的被动形式表示主动意义。‎ 有些动词如seat, dress等,常用被动形式表示主动意义。此类词用主动形式时,常后接人物名词或反身代词。‎ ‎(2009四川4.) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ ‎【解析】seated。seat做动词时为及物动词,表示就坐的状态,应使用被动式表示主动意义或使用seat oneself。‎ ‎4.有的及物动词的被动式相当于形容词,表示性质,不表示被动。‎ ‎(2014年上海语法填空) Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already  ____28____ (exhaust) shoulders. ‎ ‎【解析】exhausted。此处exhausted相当于形容词,不表示被动,意为“筋疲力尽的”。‎ ‎5.有些句子用以表示主语的性质时,谓语动词用主动形式。这类动词主要有sell, wash, wear, cut, read, write, drive等。‎ She is selling the books for her boss and the books sell very well.‎ The teacher gave the students some scientific papers to read because he thought the papers read easily.‎ ‎6.部分动词主动式和被动式所表达的不同含义:‎ ‎①measure The classroom measures 30 feet long . (vi.尺寸是……)‎ The room was measured before the home decoration began. (量……尺寸大小)‎ ‎②keep In warm weather fruit and meat don’t keep long. (link v.保持,继续处于某种状态)‎ The meat which has been kept in the fridge for three days is still fresh. (vt.保存,保留)‎ ‎③prove She proved to be good at typewriting. (link v. 证明是,结果是)‎ His courage has been proved in the accident. (vt.证明,证实)‎ ‎④open The shop opens at 6 a.m. and closes at 8 p.m. (开门,开放)‎ His shop was opened last year. (开办,使开始)‎ The door opened and in came a strange man. (打开,自动打开)‎ The door was opened by me. (vt.打开。强调动作)‎ ‎⑤grow Rice grows in the south. (vi. 生长)‎ Rice is grown in the south. (vt.种植)‎ ‎⑥improve Her English is improving. (vi.有改进,好一些)‎ Everyone considered that her English has been improved. (vt.改进,改善,提高)‎ ‎⑦increase The size of his farm was increased year by year. (vt.增加。强调人为的行为)‎ As the days progressed, Connie’s confidence increased. (vi. 增加,增长。强调自然的发展)‎ 典题演练 ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,62) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ ‎1.was allowed句意:……在这个占地六百英亩的中心,我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物,故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,62) Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ ‎2.be made 句意:真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,空格前有might,所以用be made。‎ ‎3.(2016·四川,61) The giant panda ________ (love) by people throughout the world.‎ ‎3.is loved句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4.(2016·四川,69) Then,after two and a half years,the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.‎ ‎4.drove句意:然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知,此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5.(2016·浙江,5) While online shopping ________ (change) our life,not all of its effects have been positive.‎ ‎5.has changed句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是online shopping,结合语境以及后面的have been可知,这里要用现在完成时。‎ ‎6.(2016·浙江,9) Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.‎ ‎6.had become句意:到公元前100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是时间状语,这里强调到公元前100年为止,所以要用过去完成时。‎ ‎7.(2016·北京,21) Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ ‎7.was working句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth. when...句式,表示“正在做某事,突然……”,此时主句用过去进行时,分句用一般过去时。‎ ‎8.(2016·北京,23) — Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.‎ ‎8.have been waiting句意:——对不起,你们在等什么电影?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语判断,语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事,并且还将继续,此时应用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎9.(2016·北京,25) I ________ (read) half of the English novel,and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ ‎9.have read句意:这本英语小说我已经读了一半,这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”,应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。‎ ‎10.(2016·北京,30) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.‎ ‎10.will be rewarded句意:这些学生一直在 努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知,学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作,故用一般将来时;reward和their efforts之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。‎ ‎11.(2016·天津,3) When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ________ (see) for years.‎ ‎11.hadn't seen句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came across之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。‎ ‎12.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,61) It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.‎ ‎12.arrived句意:黄昏前我到达阳朔时正下着小雨,但是我不在意。由主句 “It was raining.” 可知这里应用一般过去时。‎ ‎13.(2015·新课标Ⅱ,68) This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures.‎ ‎13.goes句意:这个循环日复一日的进行……主语this cycle为单数形式;结合时间状语day after day可知,表示经常发生的情况,须用一般现在时,故填goes。‎ ‎14.(2015·北京,30) — Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I________ (call) him later.‎ ‎14.will call句意:——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。——好的。我一会儿打给他。根据发话者的is not...at the moment及答语中的later可知,在这种情况下,答话者将晚点打电话给他,用一般将来时态。‎ ‎15.(2015·北京,22) — Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎—Yes,we ________ (treat) well by our hosts.‎ ‎15.were treated句意:——你喜欢那个派对吗?——喜欢,我们受到了主人热情的款待。根据上一句的时态可知,这里使用一般过去时态;we和treat之间是被动关系,所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来这里用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎16.(2015·北京,27) —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?‎ ‎—Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.‎ ‎16.had given句意:——你们找到安的家费了很大力气吗?——没有。她给了我们清楚的指示,所以我们很容易就找到了。因为找到安的家发生在过去,所以安给出指示应该发生在过去的过去,所以这里使用过去完成时态。‎ ‎17.(2015·福建,26) To my delight,I________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎17.was chosen句意:令我高兴的是,‎ 在成百上千的申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。主语和谓语是被动关系,所以要用被动语态,而且发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎18.(2015·湖南,22) As you go through this book,you ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.‎ ‎18.will find句意:当你浏览这本书的时候,你会发现那些经历过二战的几百万人中,每一个人都有不同的经历。时间状语从句使用的是一般现在时态,所以主句使用一般将来时。‎ ‎19.(2015·湖南,25) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”‎ ‎19.asked句意:当我问“你希望我现在做什么?” 的时候我掩饰不住自己的渴望。因为主句使用的是一般过去时态,所以when引导的从句使用一般过去时。‎ ‎20.(2015·安徽,22) If you come to visit China,you ________ (experience) a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ ‎20.will experience句意:如果你来中国参观,你就会体验有着惊人深度且多元化的文化。因为if条件句使用的是一般现在时态,所以主句使用一般将来时。‎ ‎21.(2015·安徽,24) Just as I got to the school gate,I realised I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe.‎ ‎21.had left句意:当我到达学校门口的时候,我才意识到我把我的书落在了咖啡馆里。由句意可知我“到达校门口”发生在过去,“丢书”在这个动作在前,所以这里使用过去完成时。‎ ‎22.(2015·安徽,29) It is reported that a space station ______(build)on the moon in years to come.‎ ‎22.will be built句意:据报道,在未来的几年里,月球上将会建起一个太空站。根据时间状语in years to come可知,本句使用一般将来时,又因为space station与build之间是被动关系,所以这里使用被动语态。结合起来,这里使用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎23.(2015·四川,4) More expressways ________(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ ‎23.will be built句意:为了促进当地经济发展,更多的高速公路将很快在四川建造。根据时间状语soon及expressways与build之间的被动关系可知应用will be built,即一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎24.(2015·陕西,22) Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.‎ ‎24.has been working句意:马蒂一直非常卖力地在写他的书,并且他觉得到星期五他就会写完了。现在完成进行时态表示发生在过去的动作持续到现在并没有结束,将一直持续下去。‎ ‎25.(2015·天津,6) Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this ‎ afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.‎ ‎25.will be teaching句意:琼不能出席今天下午3点的会议了,因为在那个时间她正在上课。at that time提示此处表示将来的某个时间点将正在发生的动作。‎ ‎26.(2015·天津,9) Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.‎ ‎26.has been reached句意:尽管先前进行了几轮的谈判,但是迄今为止,两边还没有达成任何协议。考查现在完成时态,提示词为so far,由agreement可知用单数形式。‎ ‎27.(2014·新课标Ⅰ,61) In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎27.was句意:在1969年,俄亥俄州克利夫兰市附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重,难以想象它能够被清理干净。根据前一句的in 1969及本句中从句的时态判断,本句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎28.(2014·新课标Ⅱ,45)...So I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.‎ ‎28.caught句意:……我能很好地看到人行道,‎ 一个骑自行车的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交车旁边骑行并挥舞着手臂。所填的词是句子的谓语,根据上下文时态可知,catch my attention发生在过去,故填caught。‎ ‎29.(2014·广西,22) Unless some extra money ________ (find),the theatre will close.‎ ‎29.is found句意:如果找不到额外的资金,这家剧院就会关闭。主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来;money与find是被动关系,故填is found,构成一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎30.(2014·山东,5) They made up their minds that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.‎ ‎30.would buy句意:他们决定一旦拉里换工作,就购置新房。由主句时态判断,buy是在过去某个时间看来将要发生的,故填would buy。‎ ‎31.(2014·四川,9) She ________ (phone) someone,so I nodded to her and went away.‎ ‎31.was phoning句意:她正在给人打电话,所以我冲她点了点头就走开了。根据从句判断,phone是过去某时正在发生的动作,故填was phoning。‎ ‎32.(2014·北京,31) —What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea. But just a minute,I________ (check) it for you.‎ ‎32.will check句意:——几点了?—— 我也不知道。等一下,我帮你看一下。根据语境可知,check是临时打算要做的动作,故用will do,表示将来。‎ ‎33.(2014·重庆,8) James has just arrived,but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.‎ ‎33.was coming句意:詹姆斯刚刚到,但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。结合语境可知,我过去不知道他要来,表示“过去将要……”,故填was coming。‎ ‎34.(2014·陕西,22) During his stay in Xi'an,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends________ (recommend).‎ ‎34.had recommended句意:在西安逗留期间,杰瑞几乎品尝了他的朋友推荐的所有的地方名吃。结合句意可知,“推荐”发生在“品尝”之前,因此用过去完成时。‎ ‎35.(2014·福建,23) —Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?‎ ‎—I went to Ningxia and________ (stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.‎ ‎35.stayed句意:—— 好几年没见你了!你去哪儿了?—— 我去了宁夏,在那儿待了一年,作为一名志愿者在那里教学。根据句意,在宁夏待了一年是发生在过去的事情,故应填stayed。‎ ‎36.(2014·安徽,23) The twins,who ________ (finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.‎ ‎36.had finished句意:那对双胞胎已完成家庭作业,他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。结合句意可知finish动作在were allowed前发生,表示“过去的过去”,故填had finished。‎ ‎37.(2013·安徽,24) I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?‎ ‎37.advertised句意:我打电话咨询一下你们前几天在广告中介绍的那座房子,你能不能给我详细介绍一下?由句中的时间状语the other day可知,这里要用一般过去时。‎ ‎38.(2013·陕西,11) On Monday mornings it usually________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.‎ ‎38.takes句意:虽然实际距离只有20英里,但是在每周一的早上我开车去上班通常会花费一个小时。根据句子中的时间状语on Monday mornings和副词usually暗示可知,应该用一般现在时,强调动作的反复性。‎ ‎1.解决时态类考题时,首先要判断所需成分是句子的谓语动词,因为只有句子才有时态,而句子的时态是通过谓语动词的不同形式来体现的。如通过过去式,have done,be doing,will do 等来分别表明过去时、完成时、将来时等。‎ ‎ (2015·浙江) My old classroom was interesting...The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.‎ ‎【解析】is → was句意:……从教室后面看,景色也很好。根据文章内容可知,叙述过去的事情,须用过去时。‎ ‎ (2014·山东,1) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ________ (expect).‎ ‎【解析】had expected句意:用手写所有请柬要比我们所预料的更耗费时间。根据句子结构可判断出,要填的词是than引导的比较状语从句的谓语动词,再根据was及“我们预料”确定,expect是过去的过去发生的动作,所以填had expected,构成过去完成时。‎ ‎2.确定属于句子的谓语动词之后,再通过在题干中寻找时间状语,观察上下文提供的语境,以及前后时态的呼应等来判断使用正确的时态,从而正确填写或改正句中的时态。解题的关键在于瞻前顾后,准确捕捉与时间相关的信息。‎ ‎ (2015·北京,26) In the last few years,China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.‎ ‎【解析】has made句意:最近一些年,中国在环保方面取得了很大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知,这里使用现在完成时态。‎ ‎ (2015·福建,30) —Where is Peter?I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and________ (write) his essay there ever since.‎ ‎【解析】has been writing句意:—— 彼得去哪里了?我到处都找不到他。——早餐后他去图书馆了,自从那时他一直在写论文。由ever since可知用现在完成时态,而且动作一直持续,所以用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎3.被动语态类考题的解题关键在于判断句子的主语与谓语动词之间是否是被动关系,但是被动语态的考查总是与句子时态一起,即确定是被动语态之后,还要通过相关的时间状语判断出是哪一种时态的被动语态,这样才能确保填写准确的答案或改正相应的错误。‎ ‎ (2014·辽宁,66) Tai Chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎【解析】is called句意:太极在英文中被称为“shadow boxing”。所填词是句子的谓语,和句子的主语Tai Chi 是被动关系,表示“……被称为”意义;句子说的是事实,应用一般现在时,故填is called。‎ ‎ (2014·广东,18) We ________ (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week...‎ ‎【解析】were told 句意:我们被告知我们预订的房间不是那一周的……所填词是句子的谓语,和句子的主语we是被动关系,表示“我们被告知”;由从句时态判断出动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were told。‎
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