2020届二轮复习(十二)简单句与并列句

2020届二轮复习(十二)简单句与并列句

‎2020届二轮复习 (十二) 简单句与并列句 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 简单句　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal________ (mean) me no real harm.‎ 解析：meant　根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填meant。‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.‎ 解析：laying　laying和句中的digging up, building并列。‎ ‎3．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.‎ 解析：to create　句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday night was our family game night ...Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.________________‎ 解析：unwilling前加was　unwilling是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构。此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I，所以用was。‎ ‎2．(2016•四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.________________‎ 解析：get→got　此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ 简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。‎ 基本句型一：S＋V (主＋谓)‎ 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。‎ S V (不及物动词)‎ ‎1.Time flies. ‎ ‎2.The moon rose.‎ ‎3.She sings beautifully. ‎ ‎4.They talked for half an hour.‎ ‎5.He walked yesterday. ‎ ‎[特别注意]‎ 主语可有修饰语—定语，谓语可有修饰语—状语。‎ The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。‎ 基本句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)‎ 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。‎ S V (及物动词) O (宾语) ‎ ‎1.Who knows the answer？‎ ‎2.She laughs at her.‎ ‎3.They ate some apples.‎ ‎4.Danny likes swimming.‎ ‎5.I want to have a cup of tea. ‎ 基本句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)‎ 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。‎ S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物)‎ ‎1.She passed him a new dress.‎ ‎2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.‎ ‎3.I showed him my pictures.‎ ‎4.I told him how to run the machine. ‎ ‎5.He showed me the bus over there. ‎ 基本句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)‎ 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。‎ S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补)‎ ‎1.We keep the table clean.‎ ‎2.What makes him sad？‎ ‎3.We saw him out.‎ ‎4.He asked me to come back soon.‎ ‎5.I saw them getting on the bus.‎ 基本句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表)‎ 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。‎ S LinkingV (系动词) P (表语)‎ ‎1.This is an English dictionary.‎ ‎2.The dinner smells good.‎ ‎3.He fell happy.‎ ‎4.The book is interesting.‎ ‎5.The weather became warmer.‎ ‎[知识拓展]　6类系动词 ‎(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。‎ ‎(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。‎ ‎(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。‎ ‎(4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。‎ ‎(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。‎ ‎(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。‎ ‎ ‎ 并列句　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016•四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ 解析：and　根据语境可知，“It was time for ...”和“it was also time for ...”之间是并列关系，故用and连接。‎ ‎2．(2015•广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.‎ 解析：when　be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”。‎ ‎3．(2014•全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months.‎ 解析：or　“a few days”和“a few months”之间为并列关系，且此句为否定句，因此要用or连接。‎ ‎4．(2014•广东高考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after.‎ 解析：but　not ...but ...为固定结构，表示“不是……而是……”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.________________‎ 解析：but→and　根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，用并列连词and。‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.________________‎ 解析：and→or　此处表示“他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。‎ ‎3．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________________‎ 解析：so→but/yet　此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑子一片空白”。根据语境可知，前后分句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。‎ ‎4．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.________________‎ 解析： and→but　not only ...but also ...是固定短语，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。‎ ‎5．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.________________‎ 解析：or→and　根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。‎ ‎6．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.________________‎ 解析：but→and　第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，“comfortable”与“no need to spend money”之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。‎ 并列连词 用法 例句 and, not only ... but (also) ..., both ... and ... 等 表并列、顺承或递进关系 There the air is clean and the mountains are green.‎ 那里空气清新，千山一碧。‎ but, yet, ‎ whereas等 表转折关系 The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。‎ or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...等 表选择关系 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。‎ for, so 表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首 The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。‎ and, or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中 You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.‎ 你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。‎ while 作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比 I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.‎ 我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。‎ ‎[特别注意]　when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人刚做完某事，突然……)。‎ He was about to go out when the telephone rang.‎ 他正要出去时，电话铃响了。‎ He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。‎ ‎ ‎ 语法填空解题“2策略”‎ ‎1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构 ‎(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；‎ ‎(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。‎ ‎2．注意固定句式中的连词 ‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．“I didn't think of applying for Cambridge — I didn't think Cambridge University would take someone like me, but my tutor encouraged me to apply，” Mr. Edwards said in a statement.‎ ‎2．At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.‎ ‎3．The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life.‎ 据第2条解题 ‎4．Smile at life, and it will shine on you.‎ ‎5．We were walking sidebyside when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud.‎ ‎6．Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.‎ 短文改错解题“3视角”‎ ‎1．根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。‎ ‎2．根据短语搭配和固定句式判断连词。‎ ‎3．注意排查中式英语，如将although/though和but, because和so连用。遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so，以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.so→but ‎2．As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country._but→and ‎3．My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.or→and ‎4．They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them.第二个and→but/while ‎5．Besides it's common that the young or middleaged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand. when→while ‎6．Faced with pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.去掉and 据第2条解题 ‎7．Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.but→and ‎8．My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river. while→when ‎9．Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.and→but ‎10．I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.then→when 据第3条解题 ‎11．Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.去掉but ‎12．Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.去掉so ‎[语篇综合检测] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 The world's first robot police officer started work this week, __1__ is part of the Dubai Police force. __2__ (it) name is “RoboCop”．RoboCop's first official job was to greet guests at a security conference.Apart from __3__ (greet) visitors, it also answered questions and __4__ (give) directions.RoboCop has a builtin tablet for people to interact with, pay traffic fines and use other police services.The tablet is linked to a police station, __5__ people can talk to real police officers.The 170centimetretall RoboCop can speak six languages.It can also shake hands, salute (向……致意) people and recognize people's emotions and facial __6__ (expression)．‎ RoboCop is the first __7__ many robot police officers for Dubai.25 percent of the Dubai Police force will be robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first smart police station. __8__ (final) no humans will work there. A spokesman said，“The RoboCop is the latest smart addition to the police force and __9__ (design) to help us fight crime, keep the city safe and improve __10__ (happy) levels.” An official at the security conference commented that the future is here now, saying，“The age of the robots is no longer coming.It has arrived.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪拜的机器人警察，这些机器人警察对人们有很大帮助，这也意味着机器人时代已经来临。‎ ‎1．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为The world's first robot police officer，从句缺少主语，且后文用it来指代机器人警察，故先行词为物，所以填which。‎ ‎2．Its　考查代词。空格后面是名词，所以此处要用形容词性物主代词its作定语，注意单词位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Its。‎ ‎3．greeting　考查非谓语动词。Apart from为介词短语，其后接动词时需用动名词形式。‎ ‎4．gave　考查动词的时态。此处为and连接两个并列的谓语动词。空处应与answered保持一致，也应用一般过去时。故填gave。‎ ‎5．so　考查并列句。空前与空后两分句之间是因果关系，所以填so。‎ ‎6．expressions　考查名词复数。people's后跟名词，且此处与emotions并列，故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎7．of　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示RoboCop是迪拜众多机器人警官中的第一位，the first of ...是固定搭配，所以填of。‎ ‎8．Finally　考查词性转换。此处修饰整个句子，所以用副词作状语。注意单词位于句首，首字母需大写。‎ ‎9．has been designed　考查动词的时态和语态。此处与前面动词is并列，要用现在时态，而RoboCop已经被设计出来了，并对现在造成了影响，所以应用现在完成时；又因为逻辑主语RoboCop和动词design之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been designed。‎ ‎10．happiness　考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“提高人们的幸福水平”，所以应用名词修饰名词，故用名词形式happiness。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I have always been very fond of all kind of sports. When I see some people snowboarding, I decided to give it a try. It was difficult to do than I had expected. At the first I found that I could not keep mine balances on a board easily. And it was almost impossible of me to go any distance without fall. I hated to fail in any sport, but I continued to try and final managed to go all the way down a slope. It was then that I realized how a great sport it was. Now I'd rather go snowboarding regularly. ‎ 答案：第一句：kind→kinds 第二句：see→saw 第三句：was后加 more 第四句：去掉the; mine→my 第五句：of→for; fall→falling 第六句：but→so; final→finally 第七句：how→what ‎