2020届二轮复习阅读理解分类训练教育篇

2020届二轮复习阅读理解分类训练教育篇

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解分类训练教育篇 ‎(1)‎ Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology(人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.‎ These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed(加压力于) about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.‎ Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.‎ Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.” ‎ For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.‎ ‎1. What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?‎ A. They are students from the same university. ‎ B. They failed in all the examinations.‎ C. They both had experiences of test anxiety. ‎ D. They both had the same poor studying habits.‎ ‎2. The phrase “blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______.” ‎ A. lose interest in the exam B. refuse to take the exam C. get an extra paper D. be unable to think clearly ‎　　3. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?‎ ‎　　A. To help students to reduce test anxiety. ‎ ‎　　B. To show a stress level experienced by students.‎ ‎　　C. To learn more knowledge about test anxiety. ‎ ‎　　D. To have a better understanding of test anxiety.‎ ‎【答案与解析】有些大学生患有考试焦虑症，不过现在好了，这些大学开设了特殊的课程来帮助他们缓解这种考试焦虑症。‎ ‎1. C。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology (人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences 可以明显看出 Doreen Sykora 和 Hitoshi Sakamoto 都患有考试焦虑症。‎ ‎2. D。词义猜测题。Doreen Sykora 因考试时过度紧张和害怕，那当然是思维不清晰。‎ ‎3. A。语义理解题。从文章第 3 段第 2 句话 In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety 可以看出大学开设这门特殊课程的目的。‎ ‎(2)‎ The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it. ‎ Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days. ‎ Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read. ‎ Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words. ‎ If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German. ‎ ‎1. When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?‎ A. Guess its meaning. B. Ask somebody. ‎ C. Look it up in a dictionary. D. All of the above. ‎ ‎2. According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is _______. ‎ A. to remember a lot B. to read a great deal C. to take part in a lot of good talks D. both B and C ‎3. The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”. ‎ A. look at B. pay attention to ‎ C. write down D. learn by heart ‎4. In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______. ‎ A. the parts of words B. prefixes C. suffixes D. roots ‎【答案与解析】怎样扩大词汇？捷径是：多读、多说、多听、多写。‎ ‎1. D。细节题。从第 2 段第2、3句话可知答案为 D。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。只要看到第 1 段第 2 句话The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks 可知答案为 D。‎ ‎3. B。词义猜测题。此处讲的是在“听”英语时如何对待生词的问题，根据我们“听”的经验选项A、C、D 显然可排除。‎ ‎4. A。词义猜测题。B、C、D三项都是属于the parts of words。‎ ‎(3)‎ Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first.) ‎ jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America. ‎ jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn’t make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon. ‎ jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: ‎ We jaunted to the country last Saturday. ‎ javelin: 1. n. a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3. n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin. ‎ jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records. ‎ Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse. ‎ ‎1. Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below? ‎ At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards. ‎ A. Definition 1 B. Definition 2 ‎ C. Definition 3 D. Definition 4 ‎ ‎2. Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below? ‎ Doctors often speak in medical jargon. ‎ A. Definition 1 B. Definition 2 ‎ C. Definition 3 D. Definition 4 ‎ ‎3. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence? ‎ Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person. ‎ A. rhythmic beats B. a type of music ‎ C. a kind of dance D. meaningless talk ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本题主要考查学生读书查字典的能力。‎ ‎1.B。推断题。根据句子的描述：在竞赛之中，先将手缩回，后将javelin掷出50码。说明javelin是一种体育器材，从而可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎2.D。推断题。根据语境：Doctors speak medical jargon.(医生说医学语言)。从而可推知此题答案为D。‎ ‎3.D。推断题。根据 Don’t give me that jazz后面的for I am a practical person 可推知答案为D。‎ ‎(4)‎ So long as teachers fail to distinguish (differ) between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”. ‎ Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to plan cleverly the most efficient(有效的) system for teaching themselves to ‎ read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. ‎ Learning to read involves all that each individual does to understand the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. ‎ If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the long search for knowledge? Smith has one principle rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.” ‎ When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is got rid of. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the chance to solve the problem of learning to read by learning. ‎ ‎1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that_______. ‎ A. too much time is spent in teaching about reading ‎ B. reading tasks are given with little guidance ‎ C. it is one of the most difficult school courses ‎ D. students spend limited hours in reading ‎ ‎2. The teaching of reading will be successful if _______. ‎ A. teachers can make their teaching activities observable ‎ B. teachers can teach their students how to read ‎ C. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students ‎ D. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading ‎ ‎3. The word “scrutiny” (Paragraph 3) most probably means “_______”. ‎ A. unbelief B. control C. inquiry D. observation ‎ ‎4. The main idea of the passage is that_______.‎ A. reading is more complicated than believable ‎ B. reading ability is something gained rather than taught ‎ C. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible ‎ D. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文从教与学的关系出发，提出了对孩子们的阅读教学方法的看法。‎ ‎1.A。推断题。根据文章第1段倒数第2句：在阅读活动方面并不是时间无休止的投入，也就是说：在阅读上花费的时间太多了。由此可推知此题答案为A。‎ ‎2.D。细节题。通读 Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny 可知，private 与 not open to public scrutiny 同义，据此可推知答案为D。‎ ‎3.D。词义猜测题。根据上文private 及单词所在的语句not open to public scrutiny可知：它们同义，由此可推知此题答案为D。‎ ‎4.B。主旨题。根据文章第1段第2句及全文内容可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎(5)‎ Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.‎ In some modem countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all — one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degree; they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns…‎ In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society. ‎ ‎1. The writer of the passage thinks that _______.‎ A. education can settle most of the world’s problems B. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world C. free education won’t help to solve problems D. all the social problems can’t be solved by education ‎2. The writer wants to prove that _______.‎ A. our society needs all kinds of jobs B. our society needs free education for all C. a farmer is more important than a professor D. work with hands is the most important ‎3. The purpose of education is _______.‎ A. to choose officials for the country B. to prepare children mainly for their future work C. to let everyone receive education fit for him D. to build a perfect world ‎4. The passage tells us about _______ of the education.‎ A. the means B. the system C. the value D. the type ‎【答案与解析】本文论述了我们的教育目的就是要使孩子适应社会生活。‎ ‎1. D。判断题。根据文章第2段第2句free education for all is not enough可推知此题答案为D。‎ ‎2. A。观点判断题。根据文章最后一段第2点that all jobs are necessary to society可推知此题答案为A。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据第1段最后一句Our purpose is to fit them for life可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎4. C。主旨题。根据全文的内容，特别是根据文章的最后一句Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎(6)‎ Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?” ‎ After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” ‎ This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. ‎ Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.‎ Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.‎ Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.‎ Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.‎ ‎1. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.‎ A. to let them see the world around B. to share the children’s curiosity C. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment ‎2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.‎ A. any questions B. any problems C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions ‎3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.‎ A. ask them to answer quickly B. wait for one or two seconds after a question C. tell them to answer the next day D. wait at least for three seconds after a question ‎4. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?‎ A. The second and third. ‎ B. The fourth and fifth.‎ C. The fifth and sixth. ‎ D. The seventh.‎ ‎5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ________.‎ A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves C. be patient enough when their children answer questions D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own ‎(1—5 BCDCA)‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文说明了如何激发孩子们对科学的兴趣，从而引导孩子们学习科学。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句中的…share your children’s curiosity可推知此题的答案为B。‎ ‎2. C。推断题。根据文章第1段第6句The children asked me “textbook questions”可推知此题的答案为C。‎ ‎3. D。推断题。根据文章第4段最后一句When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical,‎ ‎ complete and creative answers 可推知此题的答案为D。‎ ‎4. C。归纳题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。‎ ‎5. A。推断题。根据文章内容：从第4段排除C；从文章前3段的内容排除D；从第7段排除B。从而可推知答案为A。‎ ‎(7)‎ ‎“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American’s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969. ‎ In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nation’s pre-school children, from every kind of economic(经济的), racial(种族的), and geographical group. ‎ Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program. ‎ Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional(偶然的) viewers. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly. ‎ The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters. ‎ Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children’s shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories(理论) of its creators, the support by the government and private(私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more. ‎ ‎1. “Sesame Street” is actually _______. ‎ A. a street in the US B. a program for children C. a program for teachers D. a program for students ‎2. Children who often watch the program _______. ‎ A. can have problems in school ‎ B. will find it a great help C. will take no interest in their studies D. will be well educated ‎3. What is special about the program?‎ A. It offers great fun.‎ B. It makes children feel able to learn. ‎ C. It is shown at different hours during the week. ‎ D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching. ‎ ‎4. Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?‎ A. Because it is supported by the government and businesses. ‎ B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks. ‎ C. Because mothers watch it along with their children. ‎ D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. ‎ ‎5. The best title for this passage can be _______.‎ A. TV Programs B. Educating Children C. Sesame Street D. A Great Success ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍了电视节目Sesame Street所产生的社会影响及它成功的原因。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句more than six million children watch the program regularly可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎2. B。推断题。根据文章第4段第1句Tests have shown that children…have benefited from watching it 可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎3. D。推断题。根据文章第5段第1句The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn 可推知此题答案为D。‎ ‎5. C。主旨题。本文主要介绍电视节目Sesame Street 所产生的影响及它成功的原因，所以选C。‎ ‎(8) ‎ Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.‎ Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two ‎ noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.‎ It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaning-less sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.‎ ‎1. Before children start speaking _______.‎ A. they need equal amount of listening ‎ B. they need different amounts of listening C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obey spoken instructions D. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions ‎ ‎2. Children who start speaking late _______.‎ A. may have problems with their listening B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them C. usually pay close attention to what they hear ‎ D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly ‎ ‎3. A baby’s first noises are _______.‎ A. an expression of his moods and feelings B. an early form of language C. a sign that he means to tell you something ‎ D. an imitation of the speech of adults ‎4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby’ imitations can be considered as speech _______.‎ A. is important because words have different meanings for different people B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age D. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略) because children’s use of words is of-ten meaningless ‎ ‎5. The speaker implies _______.‎ A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak ‎ C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly D. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating ‎【答案解析】本文探讨了小孩从模仿发音到语言形成的几个发展阶段。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。根据第1段 Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking 可知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。根据第 1 段中的 …later starters are often long listeners 可知答案选 D。‎ ‎3. A。细节题。根据第 2 段 …the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on可知正确答案为 A。‎ ‎4. C。细节题。根据第3段 …and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the word 可知 C 为正确答案。‎ ‎5. D。推断题。根据第3段 …Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself可推知此题答案为D。‎