2020届二轮复习短文语法填空考点分布及解题指导

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空考点分布及解题指导

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空考点分布及解题指导 通过分析历年高考语法填空题，总结出了一定的规律。按各考点的考查频率来分，由高到低排列如下：‎ No. 1 非谓语动词 (考查现在分词和不定式居多)‎ No. 2 谓语动词(考查被动语态居多)‎ No. 3 词性转换 (考查转换为名词的情况居多)‎ No. 4 介词 No. 5 名词单复数 No. 6 冠词 (考查不定冠词居多)‎ No. 7 从句 (考查非限制性定语从句居多)‎ No. 8 代词 No. 9 形容词 No. 10 副词 总之，动词的考点最多。了解各考点的考频有助于我们在高考前有限的时间内有的放矢，知道哪部分该重点复习。除此之外，还需要掌握一些解题技巧。‎ 我们都知道语法填空题有两种，一种是纯空格题，没有提示词；另一种是括号内给出了提示词，要求用所给词的正确形式填空。下面分别给出这两种题的解题技巧：‎ 一     纯 空 格 题   ‎ ‎1. 空格后是名词的情况：‎ ‎● 首先看名词前是否有冠词或物主代词，如果没有，那么考虑填这些，如：‎ She is earning $6,500 a day as   a   model in New York.‎ ‎● 如果有，那么看看填and, or, but是否符合语境，如：‎ Sportsmanship is a style  and  an attitude, and it can have a positive influence on everyone around you.‎ ‎● 否则便考虑介词，如：‎ I’m calling   for   a friend who is interested in attending a US university.‎ ‎2. 空格后是动词的情况：‎ 一般是定语从句，考虑填关系代词，如：‎ I am usually the focus of the attention because I often have lots of ideas   that   interests others.‎ Top of the list was Google,   which   is well known for its excellent working conditions.‎ ‎3. 空格后是句子的情况：‎ ‎  ● 首先考虑是否是wh-类的关系代词或关系副词所引导的从句，常考查名词性从句、定语从句，偶尔考查状语从句，如：‎ It gives us an idea of   what   we want to do when we leave school.‎ It is almost the same speed at   which   they would have travelled in a horse and carriage a century ago.‎ It is the neighborhood   where   your family makes connections with other people.‎ ‎  ● 如果不是从句，则考虑四大连词and, or, but和 so，看前后两句构成的是并列、选择、转折还是因果关系，如：‎ Bollywood actors are very popular   and   some are in high demand.‎ Dinner in the sky is very exciting and the food is good,   but   there are problems.‎ I watched TV until nearly 12 o’clock last night,   so   I could not go over my lessons.‎ 二给出提示词题 一般考查四类实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)‎ ‎1. 给出名词：‎ ‎● 首先考虑名词的单复数，如：‎ The music was great and I got some   souvenirs   (souvenir) while I was there.‎ ‎● 其次考虑变形，一般向形容词转变，如：‎ He said that for over 40 years, the company has focused on a  professional  (profession) work experience.‎ ‎2. 给出动词：‎ ‎● 首先看是否是句子的谓语动词，如果是，则考虑谓语动词的适当形式(时态、语态和主谓一致)，如：‎ In the early 20th century, Dubai   was   (be) a successful trading port.‎ Then in 1966, oil  was discovered   (discover).‎ ‎● 如果不作谓语动词，再考虑非谓语动词的三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词、过去分词)，如：‎ All organisms need water, food and shelter  to stay  (stay) alive.‎ Restaurants sell   prepared   (prepare) food.‎ Since plants make their own food   using   (use) sunlight, the sun’s energy is found in plants.‎ ‎● 如果不是非谓语动词，则考虑变形，一般向名词转变，如：‎ He had an   operation   (operate) to repair the damage. ‎ ‎3. 给出形容词或副词：‎ ‎● 首先考虑比较级和最高级，注意是否有标志性词汇much, even, a little和than等，如 Once you’re in a good state of mind, it’s much   easier   (easy) to maintain it.‎ ‎● 其次考虑变形，通常是形容词变为副词，如：‎ Start with something relaxing, and then   gradually   (gradual) increase the tempo and beat.‎ 仅看技巧终究只是纸上谈兵，还需要实际操练，下面是小编整理的历年高考语法填空题，现在来检测一下自己的掌握情况吧。‎ 全国卷I 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）   61 ____   a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side    62  _______  (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎    Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required    63 ______   (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt   64_____    (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As    65  _____  result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even    66 _____   (bad),  the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food    67   ______ (be) full of fat and salt; by    68   ______ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎   Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be    69  _______  (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,    70  _____  is not good for the health.‎ 答案 ‎61. as    62. effects    63. to process       64. are removed          65. a  ‎ ‎66. worse  67. is        68. eating        69. careful          70. which ‎2017全国卷II In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible   61   (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and   62   work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,   63   (lay)‎ ‎ the track and then building a strong roof over   64   top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎    Steam engines   65   (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been   66   (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using   67   every day.‎ ‎    Later, engineers   68   (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the   69   (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most   70   (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ 答案 ‎61. crowds 62. from 63. laying 64. the 65. were used ‎66. fairly 67. it  68. managed  69. introduction   70. successful ‎2017全国卷III She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term   61   (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as   62   model in New York.‎ ‎   Sarah   63   (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,   64   has taken part in shows along with top models, wants   65   (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her   66   (educate).‎ She has turned down several   67   (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree   68   engineering or architecture.‎ ‎    Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school   69   (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is   70    (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”‎ 答案 ‎61. resting 62. a  63. has been told / was told 64. who      ‎ ‎65. to prove 66. education  67. invitations 68. in 69. comes     ‎ ‎70. certainly ‎2016全国卷I Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top    61    (attract).‎ ‎     So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I    62    (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be    63    (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back    64    my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,    65    I was the first Western TV reporter    66    (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include    67    (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎     On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by    68    (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few    69    (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,    70    other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎61. attraction    62. was allowed   63. officially    ‎ ‎64. to  65. when 66. permitted   67. introducing 68. its   ‎ ‎69. days    70. the ‎2016全国卷II If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of    61    (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of   62   (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow     63     (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎       Most of us are more focused   64   our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive   65   possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ ‎       Recent   66   (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks    67    (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for    68    while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎       If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely   69   (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is,   70   (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 答案 ‎61. greater  62. achievement 63. is 64. on  65. as ‎66. studies 67. regularly 68. a  69. to bring   70. make ‎2016全国卷III In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,   61    Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might  62    (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal  63   (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,  64   (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time,   65   the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which  66   (gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,   67   lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the   68   (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and   69   (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat   70   their hands.‎ 答案 ‎61. and   62. be made   63. to create   64. using   65. as / when ‎ ‎66. gradually  67. who  68. development   69. were  70. with ‎2015全国卷I Yangshuo,China It was raining lightly when I   61   (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours   62  , I’d been at home ‎ in Hong Kong, with   63   (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River   64   are pictured by artists in so many Chinese   65   (painting). Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away   66   car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ Yangshuo   67   (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers   68   (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it   69   (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people   70   (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 答案 ‎61. arrived   62. before / earlier  63. its  64. that / which   ‎ ‎65. paintings 66. by   67. is   68. conducted   69. regularly   ‎ ‎70. living ‎2015全国卷II The adobe dwellings (土坯房) __61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63__ (able) to “air condition” a house without __64__ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __65__ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66__ (cool) the house during the hot day; __67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.  61. built 62. the  63. ability  64. using  65. slowly ‎66. to cool  67. at  68. goes  69. natural  70. how