【英语】【专题04代词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

【英语】【专题04代词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ ‎ 预测今后高考命题将继续对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等，尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。预测今后高考命题将继续对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用的考查。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。‎ 在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透祈 纵观历年高考试题，代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词one，the one, ones, the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词 this，that，these, those, it 的用法；another，(the)other(s)， else； the rest 的用法；every-，some-, any-，no与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。‎ 考点1 人称代词 一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。‎ ‎1．用于无谓语的句子中 一Does any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?‎ 一Me．我。‎ 特别提示 答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can．和I do，too．/So do I．‎ ‎2.表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等愔绪 ‎①Do you have good eyesight, young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？‎ ‎—Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。 ‎ ‎(2)what?Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我！‎ ‎3.代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末）‎ ‎①I’m not as tall as him(he).我没有他个子高。‎ ‎②She is much more careful than me(I).她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：‎ He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。‎ 考点2指不代词 ‎1．this/these，that/those this,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：‎ ‎①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this．关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。‎ ‎②That’s a11．Thank you．我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)‎ ‎③Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown．这里的薪水比我家乡的高。‎ ‎2. 一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定 ‎ ‎①Who's that?你是谁?(打电话用语）‎ ‎②This is Mary.我是Mary。（打电话用语）‎ ‎③That's all right/OK.不用谢。（对感谢的答语）‎ ‎④That's nothing.没什么。（对道歉的答语）‎ ‎⑤That's that.就这么定了。（表示决定不能更改) 固That's all.就这些了。‎ ‎⑦That is…那就是......‎ ‎3．this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 It ‎ isn’t that cold．还没那么冷。‎ 考点3不定代词 以下是几组易混不定代词：‎ ‎1．some类不定代词与any类不定代词 ‎(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：‎ Raise your hands if you have any questions．如果你们有问题，请举手。‎ ‎(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：‎ Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?‎ ‎(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：‎ She promised that she could do anything for you．她许诺能为你做任何事情。‎ ‎2. All，both, neither, none ‎(l)all指三者或三者以上“都”， both指两者“都” 如：‎ ‎①Both(of)his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。‎ ‎②All(of)his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)‎ ‎⑵neither表示“两个都不"，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：‎ ‎①Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。‎ ‎②None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall.我们没有人去过长城。‎ ‎3．any，either，each，every ‎(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：‎ I didn’t eat any meat．我一点儿肉也没吃。‎ ‎4．no，none，nothing，nobody ‎(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：‎ You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others．你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。‎ ‎(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：‎ ‎①None of the books is suitable for the young．这些书都不适合年轻人读。‎ ‎②一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?‎ 一None．没人。‎ ‎(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：‎ 一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?‎ 一Nobody．没有人。‎ ‎5．it，one，ones，that和those ‎⑴it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this, that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：‎ ‎①Where is that book? I can't find it.那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。‎ ‎②I have not got any erasers. Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗？‎ ‎⑵one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one 可互换使用。如：‎ The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed．这本书不如你借的那本有趣。‎ ‎(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：‎ ‎①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan．最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。‎ ‎②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door．这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。‎ Your coat is blue，and my new one is green．你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。‎ ‎(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：‎ The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk．桌上的那些书比桌下的好。‎ ‎6. another, other, others，more ‎⑴another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人 或物、还可以用数量词+复数名词”，表示“再，又”。如：‎ ‎①Was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗？‎ ‎②We'd better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。‎ 特别提示 表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。‎ ‎(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：‎ ‎①one remained and the other went away．一个留下了，另一个走了。‎ ‎②We should learn to treat others as equals．我们应该学会平等待人。‎ ‎7．something，anything，everything，nothing ‎(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：‎ Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?‎ ‎(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：‎ There isn’t anything inside．里面什么也没有。‎ ‎(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。‎ 用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：‎ Everything is good when new，but friends when old．东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)‎ ‎(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：‎ ‎①Do nothing by halves．凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)‎ ‎②Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)‎ 考点4 反身代词 ‎1.反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语 ‎①The text itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。（作主语的同位语）‎ ‎②(Either)Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去，要么你自己去。（作并列主语，但不能单独作主语）‎ ‎③He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。‎ ‎④Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.要人尊敬，必须自重。‎ ‎2．主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw ‎ oneself，look after oneself ‎3．在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适 I don’t know what’s the matter with me．I’m not myself today．‎ ‎4．用在交际英语中 ‎①Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!‎ ‎②Make yourself at home!别拘束!‎ ‎③Don’t upset yourself!别自寻煨商了1‎ ‎5．辨别几组搭配 by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；of oneself~t动地；to oneself独占，独用 考点5 it的用法 在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：‎ ‎1.指代作用 ‎（1）用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物（单数可数名词或不可数名词）。如： Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气，担它却在我们的周围。‎ ‎⑵代替前面的整个句子。如：‎ It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true.据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的.‎ ‎(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：‎ 一What is this?这是什么?‎ 一It’s a bike．是自行车。‎ ‎(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：‎ ‎①The baby cried because it Was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)‎ ‎②一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?‎ 一It’s me．是我o ‎(5)指环境、情形等。如：‎ ‎①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。‎ ‎②Take it easy．别紧张。‎ ‎③It doesn’t matter．没关系。‎ ‎(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：‎ ‎①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。‎ ‎②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。‎ ‎2．形式作用 ‎⑴形式主语 当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如:‎ ‎①It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。‎ ‎②It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年樹木，百年樹人。‎ ‎ (2)形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：‎ ‎①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious．你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。‎ ‎②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。‎ 特别提示 形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：‎ ‎①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。‎ ‎②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做。‎ ‎3．强调作用 it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考试题 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.‎ ‎70. 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive.‎ ‎68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。‎ ‎3. 【2018·浙江】Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out.‎ ‎57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国II】They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国III】 I had done myself homework but I was shy.‎ 考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。‎ ‎2017年高考试题 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.‎ ‎67. it　考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.‎ ‎1. all改成both或去掉all　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ ‎10．your→my　考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2016·浙江】3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.‎ A. that B. this C. one D. it ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。‎ 考点：考查代词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题着重考查指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this这个；that那个；these这些；those那些；it 它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；those指代上文的可数名词复数，后面有后置定语；one是泛指上文的可数名词单数；it指同类同物。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother.‎ ‎68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎4.【2016·上海】(B)‎ Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? ‎ ‎37. you  考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ By that time, the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.‎ ‎48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ ‎9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily ‎9. our→ his 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。‎ ‎10. stead→steadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎6.your改为our 考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。‎ ‎7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. ‎ ‎54. yourself—myself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.‎ ‎6.her---his 句意：在爸爸手里。故把her---his。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet her at the door.‎ ‎68.【答案】at后面加the ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故at后面加the。‎ 考点：考查冠词 ‎69.【答案】her改成him ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎2015年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1. [2015·福建卷] The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions. ‎ A. all　　　 B. none　　　C. either　　　 D. neither ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】句意：基于这项调查，研究小组制作了两份报告，但是这两份报告都没有包含任何有用的建议。all(三者或三者以上)全都；none(三者或三者以上)都不；either两者中的任何一个；neither两者都不。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词辨析。‎ ‎2．[2015·四川卷] Niki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.‎ A．nothing B．no one ‎ C．neither D．none ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】nothing没有什么；no one没有人；neither两者都不；none(其中)没有一个。句意：Niki总是有很多的主意，但据我所知，没有一个是有用的。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎3. [2015·陕西卷] To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against________．‎ A. another B. the other C. other D. either ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定代词 ‎4. [2015·天津卷] The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools. ‎ ‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】句意：这个小型学校的教学质量比一些大一点的学校的教学质量要好。that代替上文提到的“The quality of education”。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查比较级中的代词。‎ ‎5．[2015·浙江卷] How would you like ________ if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ A．them B．one C．those D．it ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你正在看你最喜爱的电视节目，而此时有人进来，连问都不问你，就把电视关掉了，你的感受会如何？这里用it来指代后面if引导的宾语从句，所以选it。it和that都可以替代“the＋单数可数名词或不可数名词”，都是特指，但it指代前面提到的“同一”事物，而that指前面提到的“同类”事物。one替代“a＋可数名词单数”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one的复数形式the ones在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those；当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词辨析。‎ ‎6. [2015·重庆卷] The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure. ‎ A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】句中的but提示尽管会议定在九月份，但具体日期没人确切知晓。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2015·全国卷I]‎ A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎62．before/earlier 　考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。‎ ‎63．its 　考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.【2015·四川】If you are me ,would you talk to him?‎ ‎[解析]him—them 考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. ‎ ‎【解析】them-it考查代词 此处的it指代的是学校。‎ ‎3.【2015·新课标全国II】Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. ‎ ‎【解析】 saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2014·全国大纲卷】25.—Who’s that at the door?‎ ‎ —________is the milkman.‎ A. He B. It C. This D. That ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】it 的用法 it 词小本事大， 人称代词包括它； 不明身份和性别，模糊指代就用它；距离日期和时间，天气环境全靠它；形宾形主惯用法，强调句型它当家。‎ ‎1)指代姓别不明的人 Look at the baby.Isn’t it lovely?‎ ‎2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。‎ It’s twenty miles to the zoo.‎ ‎3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。‎ ‎ It’s of great help to learn English well.‎ I find it quite necessary to make some changes.‎ ‎4) 特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。如：‎ I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.‎ ‎5)用于强调句中：It is／was…that／who。‎ It’s from the sun that we get light and heat.‎ 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎2.【2014·全国大纲卷】28.I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.‎ A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人的年龄大约在50到60岁之间。此处anywhere意为：任何地方。Anybody任何人； anyhow 不管怎样；anything任何事。短语anywhere between…and….意为：大约。‎ 考点：考查不定代词的用法。‎ ‎3.【2014·重庆卷】1. A smile costs _______, but gives much.‎ ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：微笑是无需付出任何成本的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，“微笑不花钱，但却给予他人很多。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cost nothing意为“无需付出”。‎ 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎4.【2014·山东卷】4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. ‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. her ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。‎ 考点：考查代词辨析。‎ ‎5.【2014·江西卷】32. —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?‎ ‎—___. I’ll be in all day.‎ A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either ‎ ‎【答案】D 考点：考查代词的用法 ‎6.【2014·四川卷】1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked  ______ and moved to Cambridge.‎ A. both                         B. neither               C. none                 D. either ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: A；两者都；B两者都不；C三者或以上都不；D两个中的任意一个。根据句中出现的两个地点London和Manchester可知此处指两者，排除C选项；而根据but后的内容可知她两个城市都不喜欢，故答案选B。句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但是这两个城市她都不喜欢，所以就搬到了剑桥。‎ 考点：考查不定代词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎7.【2014·福建卷】21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in , knives and forks.‎ A. another B. others C. both D. all ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： Some… others是固定用法，意思是一些…另一些…。这里表示“一些国家……， 另一些国家。Another又一个；both两者都；all全部。所以选B。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。‎ 考点：考查固定用法。‎ ‎8.【2014·江苏卷】34. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查代词用法。A. something某事物；B. anything任何事物；C. everything一切；D. nothing没有什么。句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。故C正确。‎ 考点：考查代词用法 ‎9.【2014·陕西卷】21. I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.‎ A. it B. you C. one D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】试题分析：考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。如： I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。故选A。‎ ‎【知识拓展】使用appreciate的四点习惯 ‎ 1） 习惯上不接不定式作宾语，其后可接名 (代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。如：‎ We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感谢你来得这么早。‎ ‎ 2）习惯上不用“人”作宾语，其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语 (注意：这与thank 的用法恰恰相反)。正：I appreciate your kindness. 谢谢你的好意。误：I appreciate you for your kindness. 正：He thanked her for her kindness. 他感谢她的好意。误：He thanked her kindness. ‎ ‎ 3） 后接if或when从句时习惯上要先接it。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。如：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。‎ ‎ 4）关于修饰语的搭配习惯，要表示程度，可用 deeply, highly, (very) much 等副词修饰。如：I deeply appreciate your kindness. 我深深感谢你的好意。He highly appreciated their help. 他非常感谢他们的帮助。‎ 注意：much 修饰 appreciate时，只能置于其前，而不能置于其后但 very much 却可以)。如：我们非常感谢你的邀请。正：We much appreciate your invitation. 正：We appreciate your invitation very much. 误：We appreciate your invitation much. ‎ 考点：考查代词辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎10.【2014·安徽卷】24．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.‎ A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：你可以向这里的任何人求助，这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。四个选项的含义分别是: A. One一个人，B. No one没有人，C. Everyone每个人D. Someone某个人。根据句意所以选C。‎ 考点：考查不定代词 ‎11.【2014·浙江卷】3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California  became a state in 1850.‎ ‎   A. each                  B. it                 C. this                 D. one ‎【答案】B ‎【试题分析】这里用it代替时间last year，其他的选项代词不能代替时间。句意：去年平均降雨量18.75cm，是加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来，去年是最干的一年。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】it可指自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。each用作代词时,在句中可作主语、宾语和同位语。each强调的是“个体”；this 用作代词可用以指叙述中的人或事物,即指前面提到过的人或事物或下文提及的事物; this一般作主语时才指人; 在电话用语中, this用来指代自己。One代替前面出现的可数名词的单数，是同类事物。‎ 考点：考查代词辨析。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.【2014新课标全国II】‎ ‎ A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is 69 （I）”.‎ ‎【解析】‎ me /mine 考查代词。从语境判断此处是做表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，填me或mine。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1【2014辽宁】We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，our改成your ‎2.[2014·陕西卷]Neither of the arrows hit the target. ‎ ‎【解析】Neither→None. 考查代词。此处的箭不是两支，故Neither→None.‎ ‎3.[2014·四川卷] If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.‎ ‎【解析】us---you。考查人称代词的用法。your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.根据前面your teacher判断此处指带领“你们”，把us改为you。‎ ‎2013年高考试题 ‎【2013山东卷】21. I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ____ of them very much. ‎ A. either B. any C. each D. another ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查代词用法 ‎【2013江西卷】23. _______ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.‎ ‎ A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意为：如果不喜欢一个行业的话，要干好40年，谁也没那本事。由后文的含否定意义的if从句逻辑性地推出主句该用含全否定意义的不定代词。‎ ‎【考点定位】句意理解与代词灵活运用的考查。题干实际上是用双重否定来表达一个语气十分肯定的意思。又如：None of us will leave school without learning anything（我们毕业时定会学有所成。）此题属于“主语否定+状语否定”的双重否定句式。一般主语否定指主语常由no－word（比如no＋名词、nobody、none、nothing、none等，这些词被称之为绝对否定词）来担当，或主语由not来否定。‎ ‎【2013四川卷】2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _______ on the small ones.‎ ‎ A. one B. this C. that D. it ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意：主干大道的绿色交通信号灯的时间要长于小干道的信号灯。One泛指可数名词单数；that泛指不可数名词；it指代前文出现的事物。‎ ‎【考点定位】指示代词的用法。‎ ‎【2013江西卷】26. There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty.‎ ‎ A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】句意为：涉及少量人员，可能就20个。as…as 后接数字，译为“ 达…”。由题干中的a small number of可知，说话者语意着重“少”的概念；而little 修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词。所以A项正确。‎ ‎【考点定位】 不定代词的考查。表肯定意义有many, much, a few, a little；表否定意义有few, little 。修饰可数名词的有many, few, a few；修饰不可数名词的有little, much, a little。例如：It is too expensive. Moreover, she has little money left. 另外注意：quite a few 相当多；not a little 许多。‎ ‎【2013辽宁卷】29.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and of her colleagues.‎ A.that B.one C.ones D.those ‎【答案】A.‎ ‎【解析】句意：令她高兴的是，德拉首先赢得了她的学生的信任，还有同事的信任。此处填that，代替前文的the trust，one应代替a +单数可数名词；ones代替前文的可数名词复数；those代替前文的the +可数名词复数。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查代词。‎ ‎【2013陕西卷】22.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost______ of her enthusiasm for life. ‎ A. some B. neither C .none D. all ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定代词 ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系不能选择A，neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意义用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【2013重庆卷】31. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______. ‎ A. another B. the other C. one another D. one ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】another的意思是“另一个，有一个”，非特指；the other 的意思是“两者中的另一个”是特指；one another的意思是“互相”；one的意思是“一个”，非特指。此处不是特指，指的是很多种中的另一种，故应该用another。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查代词。‎ 句意：再循环是保护环境的一种方式，重复利用是另外一种。‎ ‎【2013安徽卷】27. This project requires close teamwork. Will be achieved unless we work well together.‎ A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】Nothing没有东西，用于肯定句表示否定含义；something一些东西，一般用于肯定句及表示请求、建议等含义的疑问句中；anything也是表示一些东西，任何东西，一般用于否定及疑问句中。everything每件东西，表示全部内容；修饰这些不定代词的形容词一般放在这些词的后面。句意：这个项目要求紧密的团队协作，如果大家不能很好地合作，什么成果都不会取得. 故选A.‎ ‎【考点定位】不定代词辨析 ‎【2013全国新课标II】14. It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .‎ A.others B. either C.another D. Both ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】考查不定代词。others另一些；either两者之一；another泛指三者以上的人或物中的一个；both两者都。题中提供了两种选择，根据but可知，“我们”不能两件事都做到，用either的话，表示全部否定，两件事都做不到；故用both，故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】both和either的用法。‎ ‎【13浙江卷】Half of _____surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.‎ A. these B. some C. ones D. those ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：16个国家中被调查的那些人中有一半说他们首先会去向最亲密的朋友说自己最深处的情感。根据题干中的they和their可知应选D。代词的选用要与原题干中的代词一致，所以很好判断。‎ ‎【考点定位】： 考查代词。‎ ‎【2013天津卷】12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine.‎ ‎ A. them B. these C. those D. ones ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查代词用法。这里要注意区分one(代替可数名词单数)，the one，that(代替不可数名词)，those(代替可数名词复数，必须有限定词)，ones(代替可数名词复数)。‎ ‎【2013上海卷】26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other ‎ people.‎ ‎ A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】theirs意为“他们的”，them意为“他们”，they的宾格形式，themselves意为“他们自己”，oneself意为“自己，某人自己”，该句中谓语动词是remind，用法为remind sb of sth，提醒某人某事；或者remind sb to do sth 提醒某人干某事。该句句意为，那些烟瘾重的人们应当提醒他们自己吸烟对健康的影响、产生的气味和别人的感受。根据句意可知是”提醒他们自己”，以及主语those可知，选择C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察代词的用法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【江苏省扬州市2018届高三上学期期期中联考】Come off it! Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as ‎ other.‎ A. one B. each C. some D. any ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：摆脱它，睡懒觉像其他任何借口一样蹩脚。one other另一个；each other互相，彼此；some other其他一些；any other任何其他。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎2.（2018·滨海7校联考） “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.‎ A. the one that B. one that C. one D. the one ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析：考查代词的用法。one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=" a/" an +n处one="a" product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。‎ 考点：考查考查代词的用法。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 【浙江省温州市2017届高三第二次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Two men were walking on a path in the mountain when it cracked (断裂) below their feet, ___56___ (leave) them stuck at the top of what remained.‎ When the rescue party arrived on the scene, one man ___57___ (sit) at the top of the steep slope (陡坡) while the other was lying down on the rocky ground below, holding onto his friend’s leg. ___58___ the time rescuers arrived, he had been holding on to his friend for 45 minutes.‎ The helicopter, ___59___ came to their rescue, flew about 100 feet above the two men ___60___‎ ‎ (avoid) removing any of the ground. The two were not only on unstable ground, but one of them was holding the other.___61___, the rescue work was very difficult. The rescue workers had to be extremely careful as the ___62___ (condition) underfoot were just too unpredictable.‎ One of the rescue workers went down on the wire from the helicopter and managed to quickly secure a rope around the ___63___ (low) of the two men, before lifting him to the aircraft. ___64___ same procedure was repeated for his walking partner.‎ The two walkers raised the alarm at 11.05am on Sunday and were rescued by 12.20pm. ___65___ of them was injured but they were left “very shaken” by the experience. Both walkers were said to be experienced and well-equipped.‎ ‎【答案】56. leaving ‎ ‎57. was sitting ‎ ‎58. By 59. Which ‎ ‎60. to avoid ‎ ‎61. Therefore/Thus ‎ ‎62. conditions ‎ ‎63. lower 64. The ‎ ‎65. Neither ‎【解析】本文主要讲了两个登山者登山时遇到险情，救援人员及时营救，最终两人获救的事情。‎ ‎56. 考查现在分词。leave与其逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填leaving。‎ ‎57. 考查时态。表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，所以填was sitting。‎ ‎58. 考查固定短语。到救援人员到来的时候，他已经紧握他的朋友四十五分钟了。by the time到…的时候，是固定短语，所以填by。‎ ‎59. 考查非限制性定语从句。___4___ came to their rescue是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The helicopter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填Which。‎ ‎60. 考查不定式。表示“为了避免……”，用不定式作目的状语，所以填to avoid。‎ ‎61. 考查副词。因此，救援工作非常困难。表示“因此”，所以填Therefore/Thus。‎ ‎62. 考查名词单复数。因为脚下的情况太难预测，所以救援人员必须非常仔细。“脚下的情况”是复数意义，所以填conditions。‎ ‎2. 【安徽省合肥市2018届高三年级第一次英语联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short ___41___ (distant). One had to take a rickshaw(人力车).‎ I called out for an old man in the waiting line. Before I got on the rickshaw, I ___42___ (automatic) asked how much he would charge to take me across to the Mall. I ___43___ (tell) “10 dollars”. Then I started bargaining. He just gave a hard smile and said, “Whatever you feel like, please give me. It is not necessary___44___(bargain) on this small amount.”‎ I was a bit ashamed at myself and kept quiet while he continued, “___45___(like) those taxis, my vehicle does not run on petrol or diesel(柴油) or even gas; ___46___ runs on my sweat. So please give it to me ___47___ a smile, for the money has to feed so many ___48___(hunger) mouths at home.”‎ When we reached the Mall, I gave him the money and the smile ___49___ requested and added a gentle pat on his back. He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for ___50___ long time.‎ ‎【答案】41. distance ‎ ‎42. automatically ‎ ‎43. was told ‎ ‎44. to bargain ‎ ‎45. Unlike 46. it ‎ ‎47. with 48. hungry ‎ ‎49. as 50. A ‎【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，讲述了在纽约乘坐人力三轮车时，车夫的一番话让我感觉他们生活的艰难与不易。‎ ‎41. distance ‎ 考查名词。本题横线前面是形容词short，说明横线上应该使用名词，所以使用形容词distant的名词形式distance。‎ ‎42. automatically 考查副词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常做定语或表语。本句中使用副词automatically在句中做状语修饰谓语动词。‎ ‎43. was told 考查时态语态。本句中主语I与动词tell构成被动关系，且根据第一段内容可知本文叙述过去发生的事情，所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态was told。‎ ‎44. to bargain 考查不定式用法。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to bargain on this small amount。‎ ‎45. Unlike 考查介词。本句中介词unlike和...不一样；句意：和那些出租车不一样，我的这种车不用汽油，用的我的汗水。‎ ‎46. it 考查代词。在英语中it通常指代上文出现的同一事物，本句中it指代前句中的my vehicle。‎ ‎47. with 考查介词。本句中介词with表示“带着”，表示伴随。请面对微笑把钱给我， 因为这钱要养活很多张饥饿的嘴。‎ ‎48. hungry 考查形容词。在英语中形容词通常做定语修饰名词，或做表语和系动词构成系表结构。本句中使用形容词hungry做定语修饰名词mouths。‎ ‎49. as 考查连词。本句中连词as意为“像...一样”。引导方式状语细节，在后面省略了we were。句意：当我们到达购物中心的时候，像被要求的那样我给了他钱和微笑，并温柔地拍了拍他的后背。‎ ‎50. a 考查固定短语。短语for a long time很长一段时间，该短语在句中作时间状语。‎ ‎3. 【山东省淄博市2018届高三下学期第一次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ British Prime Minister Theresa May made an ___41___ (office) visit to China from Jan 31to Feb 2. She said in her ___42___ (speak) Jan 31 that, “with the building of the global comprehensive strategic partnership towards the 21st century between China and the UK, the relationship has ___43___ (deep) by people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two countries. ”‎ In exchanges between China and the UK, British tea has become a cultural part that has to be mentioned. Tea, ___44___ the important goods of the ancient maritime Silk Road, was once an important carrier of Sino-British trade relations, and has existed for thousands of years. Through business and trade ___45___has covered more than 10,000 kilometers and 100 years, Chinese tea has officially entered every corner of Europe. The UK, however, is the European country most ___46___ (affect) by tea culture.‎ The popularity of tea-drinking in Britain was first limited to the royal family. Later, when expensive ___47___ (tea) were sold in certain cafes, women were initially not allowed to enter. It wasn’t ___48___1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London. The tea shop quickly became a favorite place for London women. ___49___ (Strong) promoted by those fashionable women, ___50___ (taste) tea gradually became popular among the upper class of Britain. In the eyes of people who love tea culture all over the world, Twinings tea has become representative of British tea.‎ ‎【答案】41. official ‎ ‎42. speech 43. deepened/been deepened ‎ ‎44. as 45. that/which ‎ ‎46. affected ‎ ‎47. teas 48. until ‎ ‎49. Strongly ‎ ‎50. tasting ‎【解析】本文介绍茶。作为古代海上丝绸之路的重要商品，茶叶曾是中英贸易关系的重要载体，已存在了数千年。‎ ‎41. 形容词修饰名词，故答案为official。‎ ‎42. 句意：她在一月三十一日的演讲中。可知答案为speech。‎ ‎43. 句意：两国人文交流加深了两国关系。”根据句意可知用现在完成时态的被动语态，故答案为been deepened。‎ ‎44. 句意：作为古代海上丝绸之路的重要商品，茶叶曾是中英贸易关系的重要载体，已存在了数千年。根据句意可知答案为as（介词，作为）。‎ ‎45. 句意：中国茶叶经过长达10万多公里和一百年的贸易，它已正式进入欧洲的每一个角落。此处business and trade做先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，故答案为that/which。‎ ‎46. 此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为affected。‎ ‎47. 句意：在某些咖啡馆里出售昂贵的茶时，女性最初是不允许进入的。根据句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为teas。‎ ‎48. 句意：直到1706年，托马斯-托宁在伦敦创立了世界上第一家干茶和咖啡馆。此处是not---until的强调句式，故答案为until。‎ ‎49. 副词修饰过去分词，故答案为Strongly。‎ ‎50. 此处是动名词做主语，故答案为tasting。‎ ‎4. 【河北省保定市高三第二次模拟】‎ Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.41．(build) over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering42．(achieve) is still used today.‎ In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands43．(suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.44．(help) the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided t find a solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. 45．(good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making46．suitable for farming.‎ Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 47．(peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams48． the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,49． (enable) ecosystem(生态系统) and fish populations to exist50．harmony.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎41．Built42．achievement43．suffered44．To help45．Better46．it47．peacefully48．where ‎49．enabling50．in ‎【解析】 本文介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。‎ ‎42． 考查名词。分析句子this amazing engineering_____2_____(achieve) is still used today.‎ 可知，本句中的achieve被形容词amazing engineering修饰，且在句子中作主语，所以要用名词形式。而achieve是动词，故用其名词形式 achievement。‎ ‎43． 考查谓语动词。句意：在古代，都江堰现在所处的地区曾遭受了来自闽江河泛滥的洪水。本句中的时间状语In ancient times，可知要用一般过去时。故用suffered。‎ ‎44． 考查目的状语。句意：为了帮助洪灾的受害者，地区州长李兵和他的儿子决定找到解决它的办法。由此可知，本句是表示目的的。故用动词不定式。‎ ‎45． 考查固定搭配。句意：沿玉里山在山的不同的高度，李设计了一系列渠道，会引走洪水，同时让河流自然流动。更好的是，多余的水可以直接送到干燥的成都平原。根据句意可知，两句话是递进关系。并且Better still,为固定搭配，意为“更好的是”，所以用good的比较级better ‎46． 考查代词。更好的是，多余的水可以被引导到干燥的成都平原，使它（额外的水）适合农业灌溉。分析句子可知，本空指的是前面 the extra water多余的水，水是不可数名词，要用it，故本空填it。‎ ‎47． 考查副词辨析。分析句子no more floods occurred and the people were able to live ____7____(peaceful).可知，本句的形容词peaceful在句子中修饰动词live，修饰动词要用副词，故填 peacefully。句意：再也没发生洪水，人民能够和平地生活。‎ ‎48． 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子Unlike modern dams___8___ the water is blocked with a huge wall可知，句中的 modern dams是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作状语，放入从句中为the water is blocked with a huge wall in modern dams,因此要用where。‎ ‎49． 考查非谓语。句意：都江堰仍然允许水自然流经闽江河，使生态系统…。分析句子Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,___9___ (enable) ecosystem。可知Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,是主句，自然而然导出下面的内容，而enable与前面的句子是主动关系，要用动词ing形式作结果状语。故运用enabling。‎ ‎50． 考查固定搭配。in hamony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间，和谐”，故填in。句意：都江堰仍然允许水自然流经闽江河，使生态系统和鱼类和谐相处。‎ ‎5. 【河南省六市2018届高三第一次联考（一模）】‎ November 21 is United nations’ World Television Day. TV is one of the greatest 41．(invent) of the 20th century. We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know42．was going on in the world. But after television arrived, the world seemed a lot43．(small). It brought information right to our home. People were able to communicate better, address issues faster and become aware44．things happening around the world by watching the news. We all have at least one ‎ TV memory that will last a lifetime.45．there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV. It could be said to have destroyed communication as much as it enhanced(加强) it. In the days before television, a typical family would have played games or just chatted with each other after their evening meal. But since then, sitting around the TV in silence46．(become) a regular evening activity Still, the United Nations47．(say) that TV continually invites people 48．(explore) beyond their living rooms and that is undoubtedly true. But sometimes, this “exploration” is at the expense of 49．(ignore) the people closest to us Although television is indeed a brilliant tool, let’s not forget about the people sitting next to us on the couch. After all, what good is watching something 50．(interest) if you don’t want to share your opinions on it?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎41．inventions ‎42．what ‎43．smaller ‎44．of ‎45．But ‎46．has become ‎47．says ‎48．to explore ‎49．ignoring ‎50．interesting ‎【解析】11月21日是联合国的世界电视日，文章介绍了电视的发展过程及优缺点。‎ ‎41．inventions 考查名词。此处由the greatest修饰用名词，指最伟大的发明。句中是one of句型，名词用复数。故填inventions.‎ ‎42．what 考查代词。在电视发明之前我们主要依靠收音机或报纸来知道世界上正发生什么事，代指“什么事”用what，共同what.‎ ‎43．smaller 考查形容词比较级。电视发明之后，世界似乎变得小多了。此处由表程度的a lot修饰比较级，故填 smaller.‎ ‎44．of 考查介词。表示“意识到”是be/ become aware of,是固定短语。故填of.‎ ‎45．But 考查连词。上句介绍电视给我们带来的好处，下句there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV.在说电视的缺点，前后句是转折关系，故填But.‎ ‎46．has become 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语since then可知与现在完成时连用，主语是sitting around the TV，与之一致动词用第三人称单数，故填has become.‎ ‎47．says 考查主谓一致。和and后所给时态is一致，此处用一般现在时。主语the United Nations指联合国，是一个组织。动词与之一致用第三人称单数，故填says.‎ ‎50．interesting 考查形容词。修饰表示物的代词something，指有趣的东西。故填“有趣的”interesting. ‎ 短文改错 ‎1.【山东省淄博市2018届高三下学期第一次模拟】 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线() 划掉。‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。‎ This afternoon, our class invited an old craftsman teach us about Chinese papercut art.‎ On arriving at our classroom, he was given a warmly welcome. First of all, he told us that Chinese papercut is a traditional art form or it’s a kind of folk culture with the long history. Then, he showed us that the basic steps and skills of papercut. We all listened and watched attentive. After that, we began to create their own works. The old craftsman walked around us, guiding us patiently. Finally, he praised the students who do well. Admiring our works, we were all very exciting. We learned a lot from this activity. I hope we can have more activity of this kind in the future.‎ ‎【答案】第一节 短文改错(共10 小题; 每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 第一句: teach前加to 第二句: warmly→warm 第三句: or→and; the→a 第四句: 删除that 第五句: attentive→attentively 第六句: their→our 第八句: do→did 第九句: exciting→excited 第十一句: activity→activities ‎【解析】1.固定结构：invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，故在teach前加to。‎ ‎2.形容词修饰名词，故把warmly→warm。‎ ‎3.句意：他告诉我们，中国剪纸是一种传统的艺术形式，是一种有着悠久历史的民间文化。此处表示并列关系，故把or→and。‎ ‎4. 句意：他告诉我们，中国剪纸是一种传统的艺术形式，是一种有着悠久历史的民间文化。根据句意可知把the---a。‎ ‎5.固定搭配：show sb. sth.出示给某人某物，故把句子he showed us that the basic steps and skills of papercut中的the去掉。‎ ‎6.副词修饰动词，故把attentive→attentively。‎ ‎7.句意：我们开始创造我们自己的作品。故把their---our。‎ ‎8.句意：最后他称赞做的好的学生。根据句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故把do→did。‎ ‎9.句意：我们都感到很兴奋。故把exciting→excited。‎ ‎10.句意：我希望将来我们能有更多这样的活动。根据句意可知用名词复数，故把activity→activities。‎ ‎2. 【河北省保定市高三第二次模拟考试英语】The summer job is very much popular among some university students. Long before the end of a school year, students start their summer vacation job search. They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask our friends and relations for help. By June the students usually had found jobs and then they begin preparing enter the world of work.‎ Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. Some students work to pay their school expenses, some work to gain experience or just to fun. Salesmen or waiters are two of the most common job that students try to find.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文讲述暑期工在大学生中非常流行，他们以各种方式找暑期工作。找暑期工作的原因很多。有的是为了钱，有的为了获得经验，还有的是为了好玩。其中最常见的工作是推销员和服务员。‎ ‎1.去掉much 考查副词。much为副词，一般修饰形容词和副词的比较级，而popular为原级，不能被much修饰，故去掉。句意：暑期工在一些大学生中很受流行。‎ ‎ 2.a改为the ‎ 考查冠词。早在学年结束前，学生就开始找暑假工作。分析句子Long before the end of a school year,…‎ 可知，本句中的a school year是特指的那个学年。故把a 改为the.‎ ‎3.going改为go ‎ 考查谓语动词。他们给企业写求职信，去面试，向他们的朋友和亲戚寻求帮助。分析句子They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask our friends and relations for help.可知，本句中的 send letters … going to…, and ask …这三个动词是并列的谓语动词，因此going 要改为go。.‎ ‎4.our改为their ‎ 考查人称代词。分析上一句可知，学生向他们的（their）朋友和亲戚寻求帮助，而不是我们的(our)朋友，故把our改为their。‎ ‎5.had改为have ‎ 考查谓语动词的时态。根据文章可知，本句叙述的是客观事实，故把had found改为have found.‎ ‎6.d enter前添加to ‎ 考查固定用法。prepare to do sth，为固定搭配，意为准备做某事。本句之意为：到六月份，那时他们开始为暑期打工作准备。‎ ‎7differs改为differ ‎ 考查主谓一致。分析句子Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student可知，本句的主语为reasons为复数，故谓语动词不能用单数，所以要用复数形式。故把differs改为differ ‎10.job改为jobs 考查名词的数。分析句子可知，这是两种最常见的工作，是复数，故job要用复数，故把job改为jobs ‎3. 【安徽省皖西南名校2018年高三阶段性检测联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ The other day Li Ping was riding in the street when the old man came across the street without noticing her. The old man was knocking down. Instead of helping him stand up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angry.‎ The old man did not say something more. Several minutes later, she remembered her shoes lay on the backseat of the bicycle, but now they are missing. She hurried back to the place which the accident took place. To his surprise, Li Ping found the old man was waiting her. Li Ping felt really ashamed when the old man her for returned the shoes back to her.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】文章主要讲述了李萍在街上骑车时撞倒了一位突然过马路的老人。她很生气，过后发现在车上放置的鞋子不见了，返回去发现老人在等她，将鞋子还给她。李萍感到很羞愧。‎ 考查不定冠词。句意：一天李萍骑车在街上走的时候突然一位老人在没有注意到他的情况下过马路。“一位老人”为泛指。根据题意，故将定冠词the改为an。‎ 考查被动语态。句意：老人被撞倒了。“The old man”与“knock”之间处于被动语态。根据题意，故将knocking改为knocked。‎ 考查副词。句意：李萍朝老人生气地大喊。修饰动词“shouted”应使用副词。根据题意，故将形容词angry改为angriy。‎ 考查不定代词。句意：老人没有再说什么。根据题意，故将someing改为anything。‎ 考查时态。句意：但是现在鞋子不见了。该文描述的是过去发生的事，根据题意，故将are改为were。‎ 考查定语从句。句意：她匆匆赶回事故发生的地点。Place为先行词，where在从句中做地点状语。故使用where引导定语从句。根据题意，故将which改为where。‎ 考查代词。句意：令她吃惊的是。根据“She hurried back…”根据题意，故将his改为her。‎ 考查固定用法。句意：李萍发现老人正在等她。Wait for sb.等待某人。根据题意，故填加介词for。‎ 考查固定用法。句意：当老人把她的鞋子还给她的时候，李萍感到非常的羞愧。‎ Return sth. to sb.送回，退还。根据题意，故将back去掉。‎ ‎4. 【安徽省滁州市2018届高三9月联合质量检测】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ An opening week held in our school last week so that we could show a great achievements we made in art education.‎ The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday,exhibit the excellent art works,such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements.Both of the art works were created by the students of our school.That attracted the public most was the singing and dance performances in Friday afternoon.All these activities draw the close attention of the public and the parents as well,receiving high praises from the public.‎ Through these activity,the public has a better understanding of our school.As a result of,we all think that the opening week was of great successful.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】作者对上星期自己学校举办的开放周活动进行了介绍。‎ 考查语态。An opening week与hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以held前面加was。‎ 考查冠词。特指“我们在美术教育中取得的巨大成绩”，所以a改成the。‎ 考查代词。句意：所有的这些作品都是由我们学校的学生创作的。both表示两者，all表示三者或三者以上，所以Both改成All。‎ 考查主语从句。这里含有一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，所以That改成What。‎ 考查固定用法。表示“星期五下午”，要用on。‎ 考查时态。发生在过去的事情，要用一般过去时。所以draw改成drew。‎ 考查名词。句意：通过这些活动，公众对我们的学校有一个更好的了解。“这些活动”是一个复数概念，所以activity改成activities。‎ 考查固定短语。句意：结果，我们所有人都认为这次开放周活动非常的成功。As a result是固定短语，意思是结果，所以去掉of。‎ 考查固定短语。of great success是固定短语，意思是非常成功，所以successful改成success。‎ ‎5. 【河南省中原名校（即豫南九校）2018届高三第六次质量考评】‎ ‎ On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.‎ ‎【答案】第一节 短文改错 第一处：hopelessly→hopeless ‎ 第二处：去掉was 第三处：feed→fed 第四处：them→it 第五处：was→were 第六处：deciding→decided 第七处：whom—who 第八处：the→a 第九处：pets→pet ‎ 第十处：caring前添加for ‎【解析】文章主要讲述了作者在路上捡到了一只丢失的小狗并细心照顾，最终被主人领回的故事。‎ 词性用法错误。句中的looking为“看起来”之意，是系动词，后接形容词。句意：我看见一只小狗绝望的在人行道上。故将hopefully改为hopeful。‎ 语态用法错误。句中主语I与动词hope为主谓关系，故用主动语态。句意：我紧紧地把它抱在怀里。故将was去掉。‎ 时态用法错误。根据前面的动词held、took和连词and可知，这里是并列关系，故也用一般过去时。句意：把它带回家并给它喂了些牛奶。故将feed改为fed。‎ 代词用法错误。这里指代上文中的a little dog，故用代词it。句意：可是，我妈妈不愿意养它。故将them改为it。‎ 主谓一致用法错误。这里考查there be句型，谓语动词根据就近原则。这里名词enough pets 为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式。句意：说我们已经有足够多的宠物了。故将was改为were。‎ 语态用法错误。句中主语为it，与动词decide之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：我们同意它将由我爸爸决定。故将deciding改为decided。‎ 定语从句关系词用法错误。句中的先行词为my dad，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故用关系词who。句意：他还没有下班回家。故将whom改为who。‎ 冠词用法错误。句中的名词girl第一次出现，故用不定冠词a。句意：就在这时，一个女孩和她爸爸开车到附近。故将the改为a。‎ 名词数用法错误。根据前文可知这里的pet指代的a little dog，故用单数形式。故将pets改为pet。‎ 动词用法错误。这里考查短语thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事。句意：他们感谢我照顾小狗。故在caring前添加for ‎2017年模拟题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1．【江苏省淮阴中学2017届高三下学期期初考】Chance favors only the prepared mind.That is telling us to be prepared until the opportunity presents ______.‎ A. one B. itself C. you D. this ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：机会仅偏爱有准备的头脑。这告诉我们好好准备，直到机会出现。反身代词可以作主语的同位语，增强语气。故选B。‎ ‎2.【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.‎ ‎—He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to be.‎ A. this B. one C. it D. such ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查it的用法。此处it作want的形式宾语，代指主句所说的情况，want it that way是常见短语“想要那样”。句意：——他怎么了？他看起来很沮丧。——他不得不放弃画画，不是因为他想要那样，而是因为他不得不那样。故选C。‎ ‎3.【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】—Do you have      ready for the spring outing?‎ ‎—No,I still have to buy some fruit.‎ A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：——你为春游做好了一切的准备了吗？——没有，我仍旧不得不去买一些水果。everything一切；anything任何事，某事，主要用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，用以代替something(常译为：什么…)；something一些事；nothing无事；无物，故选A。‎ ‎4. 【天津市十二重点中学2017届高三毕业班联考（一）】You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ______.‎ A. one B. it C. some D. any ‎8.考察代词的辨析。根据题意，可知这条裙子只有一条了。当one前没有定冠词时表示泛指，不可选，some和any都是不定代词，但此处有特定的指向，特指那一条裙子，用it表示特指，故选B。‎ ‎5.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】You can ask anyone for help.     here is willing to lend you a hand.‎ A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone ^ *‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：你可以向这里的任何人求助，这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。四个选项的含义分别是: A. one一个人，B. no one没有人，C. everyone每个人D.someone某个人。根据句意所以选C。‎ 考点：考查不定代词 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ When my daughter was five, she 　　　　41　　　　(give) a piano as a birthday present. With great 　　　42　　　（excite）, she began learning it. 　　　　43　　　　when she was no longer curious, she become sick of it.‎ When her first teacher left, my friend introduced me 　　　44　　　an American teacher whose way of teaching was completely American. After practicing, she would give my daughter some good ‎ comments, and then point out 　　　　45　　　　should be improved. Every time she came, instead of beginning the lesson right away, she would first play some music. She said, "To learn　　　　46　　　　 piano, you should learn not only the skills of playing, but more　　　47　　　 (important) to feel the music and love it."‎ After some time, my daughter became fond of her lessons. Surprisingly, my daughter said to me one day, "Mom, I was lucky that you didn't give up my piano lessons. 　　　　48　　　　(learn) it is like climbing a mountain. You'll feel 　　　49　　　(tire) when you are on the way. When you look down from where you are, you will realize that you　　　　50　　　　(make) progress. But if you stop, you’ll never take one more step.” That was the very thing I wanted to teach her.‎ ‎【答案】41.was given42.excitement43.However44.to45.what46.the47.importantly48.Learning49.tired50.have been making ‎43.考查副词。句意：然而当她不再好奇的时候，她开始讨厌它。根据句意可知，此处应使用转折副词however。故填However。‎ ‎44.考查介词搭配。introduce sb. to. sb.“把某人介绍给某人”。故填to。‎ ‎45.考查名词性从句。此处为point out的宾语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“应该改进的东西”，应使用代词what。故填what。‎ ‎46.考查冠词。此处特指钢琴，应使用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎47.考查词性转化。此处修饰不定式to feel the music and love it，应使用副词形式。故填importantly。‎ ‎48.考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，泛指“学习弹钢琴”，应使用动名词形式。故填learning。‎ ‎49.考查词性转化。此处指“你会感到疲惫”，-ed形式的形容词意为“感到……”。故填tired。‎ ‎50.考查动词时态。句意：你将意识到你一直在进步。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从某一时间开始、一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。故填have been making。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 名词性从句是语法填空和短文改错中经常考查的知识点，其中名词性从句中的连接词what与that的区分也是经常能遇到的。两者的区别在于what在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，指代一定的内容；而that则只起到连接作用，其所引导的名词性从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，在句意中没有词义体现。如本题第5小题，then point out ____5____should be improved.分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的从句作point out的宾语，分析从句句子成分可知，从句缺少主语，因此应使用连接代词what，指代需要被改进的事情。做此类题目时，一定要确定从句的性质，然后再分析从句句子成分，这样才能确定正确答案。‎ ‎2. 【辽宁省抚顺市2017届高三3月模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ If you are interested in getting university education in China and ____41____(run) of the university program, you may need to register in the high school. Starting your education at high school level in China gives you an advantage since you will be well ___42___(prepare) before joining the university. You will have learnt Chinese Mandarin(普通话)_____43_____will make your daily conversations smooth. You will also have familiarized with the surrounding, making ____44____easy to get your way around.‎ ‎ With a high school admission, you will also _____45_____(introduce) to a Chinese way of learning and education at ____46____early age. Getting a high school ____47____(admit) in China is easy. You only need to look for schools which are offering high school education to the international students. Most of them offer instructions both in English _____48_____Chinese. Choose a right environment that will allow you to learn the local language, choose an area that is ____49____(convenience) to you and select a school that allows a foreign student to _____50_____(easy) adapt to a new culture.‎ ‎【答案】41. 【小题41】 running ‎ ‎42. 【小题42】prepared ‎ ‎43. 【小题43】which ‎ ‎44. 【小题44】it ‎ ‎45. 【小题45】be introduced ‎ ‎46. 【小题46】an ‎ ‎47. 【小题47】admission ‎ ‎48. 【小题48】and ‎ ‎49. 【小题49】convenient ‎ ‎50. 【小题50】easily ‎【解析】本文为介绍说明文。文章指出如果你对中国的大学教育感兴趣或者正在进行大学项目的学习，那么你也许应该先到高中去历练一下。‎ ‎41. 考查非谓语动词。根据空前and及句意可知，此处与getting为并列成分，充当介词in的宾语，应使用ing形式。故填running ‎ ‎42. 考查词性转化。根据句意“在上大学之前，你将做好充分的准备”可知，此处应使用形容词“准备好的”。故填prepared。 ‎ ‎43. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chinese Mandarin ，连词在从句中作主语。故填which。 ‎ ‎44. 考查it作形式宾语。make sth. adj.“让某事怎么样”，分析句子成分可知，此处真正的宾语是to get your way around，设空处为形式宾语。故填it。 ‎ ‎45. 考查动词语态。句意：随着高中入学, 在较小的年龄时，你也将被引入中国的学习和教育方式中。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态。故填be introduced。 ‎ ‎46. 考查不定冠词。此处指“在一个较小的年龄”，early是元音音素开头的词。故填an。 ‎ ‎47. 考查词性转化。根据上文的a high school admission可知，此处指“在中国上高中是容易的”，应使用admit的名词形式。故填admission。 ‎ ‎48. 考查固定搭配。词组搭配：both A and B“A和B都……”。故填and。‎ ‎49. 考查词性转化。分析句子成分可知，此处为表语，意为“便捷的、方便的”。故填convenient。 ‎ ‎50. 考查词性转化。此处修饰动词adapt，应使用副词形式。故填easily。‎ ‎3. 【辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校2017届高三第五次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Anyone who has had a long-term disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be ___41___ (especial) true of children. They may feel ___42___ (leave) out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less alone. A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term ___43___ (ill). The robot like human beings takes their place at school. ‎ And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks. ‎ Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends. He or she can also attend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home ___44___ from a hospital bed. Dolva, one of the scientists who ___45___ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains ___46___ the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. ___47___ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robot’s movements. Inside the robot, there is a small computer linked ___48___ a 4G network. The robot is ___49___ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes communicating ___50___ (easy). So it’s the eyes and the cars and the voices at school. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.‎ ‎【答案】41. especially  42. left ‎ ‎43. illnesses  44. or ‎ ‎45. are/have been 46. how 47. Using ‎ ‎48. to/with 49. equipped 50. easier ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy. We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop. An hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors. So we asked the policeman for help. He was glad to help us. a few minutes later, he got the door open. Just then a man came up and shouted angry, “What are you doing with my car?” We were surprising and went to see the number of the car. It was ‎ not his. We were very embarrassed on that time. What do you think that we did then? We had to speak sorry to the man.‎ ‎【答案】1.have—had   ‎ ‎2. but—and   ‎ ‎3. could not    ‎ ‎4. policeman前的the 改成a ‎5.angry—angrily    ‎ ‎6. surprising---surprised    ‎ ‎7. his---ours   ‎ ‎8. on—at ‎9. think后的that 去掉   ‎ ‎10. speak 改成say ‎【解析】【整体解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对夫妻开车去市中心购物，他们把车停在超市前，等购物完回去开车时，却打不开车门。随后找警察帮忙，确开错车的一件生活囧事。‎ 第三处： “An hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors.”一小时后，我们回去开车，但是奇怪的是我们打不开车门。根据意思，可知前后句是转折的意思，所以用否定could not。还有，根据后边他们寻找警察帮忙，也可知道他们打不开车门。‎ 第四处："So we asked the policeman for help. "此处的policeman 警察，是第一次在文中出现，并不是特指。故将the改成a。‎ 第五处："Just then a man came up and shouted angry, "。副词修饰动词，shouted是谓语动词，angry是形容词。所以将angry改为angrily。‎ 第六处：“We were surprising and went tosee the number of thecar.”‎ surprising表示某事某物使人感到惊讶，surprised表示人的感受，人感到惊讶。故将surprising改为surprised。‎ 第七处："It was not his. "分析上下文意思，我们打不开车门和最后我们像那个男人道歉，可知这辆车不是我们的车。故将his改为ous。‎ 第八处： “We were very embarrassed on that time.”我们在那时十分尴尬。此处考查了time的短语应用，“在那时”应为at that time。故将on改为at。‎ ‎.第九处：“  What do you think that we did then? ”，分析句子，do you think是插入语，不做句子成分。What we did then接下来我们做什么，主谓宾都有，that多余，所以去掉that。‎ ‎10第十处：“We had to speak sorry to the man.”我们必须给那个人道歉。speak后面跟宾语做及物动词时,宾语一般是某种语言.如:speak English.speak本身是强调说话的方式.speak常用speak to sb。 而say后加的宾语是说话的内容,say强调说话的内容.‎ ‎【名师点睛】短文改错主要考查考生对文章的理解以及句子结构的分析，考生可以先通读短文，整体把握短文大意再细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。然后逐行修改最后复读全文，验证答案。主要考查动词时态语态、代词的使用、冠词和连词的使用。   动词常见的改错形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。‎ 例如，第2题“ We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。根据was判断此句整体时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应与整句时态相符，应为过去时。故将have改为had.‎ ‎2. 【辽宁省抚顺市2017届高三3月模拟】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎ I’d like to introduce Sarah to you. She is a good friend of me. Actually she is an exchange student from Ireland, which has been studying in my school for two month. Wanting to take an advantage of her short time here, Sarah works hardly. She had not studied Chinese before arriving here, but she has some difficulty communicating with people she woke up early morning to study ‎ a bit before class. I admire her independence for doing all of this while live so far away from her family. Besides, Sarah is in great help. Busy as she is, she often takes time help classmates with their English homework. A lovely girl, isn’t she?‎ ‎【答案】 me--- mine； which ---who； month.--- months ；去掉 take an advantage of 中的an； hardly---hard； but---so； woke ---wakes；live ---living； in ---of；在time ∧help 之间加to ‎【解析】本文为介绍说明文。作者简要介绍了来自冰岛的交流生——Sarah的一些情况。‎ 第一处：me改为mine；考查名词性物主代词。句意：她是我的一个好朋友。根据句意及句子成分分析可知，此处应使用名词性物主代词。故me改为mine。 ‎ 第二处：which改为who；考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为an exchange student，连词在从句中作主语。故which改为who。‎ 第三处：month改为months ；考查名词单复数。根据数词two可知，此处应使用month的复数形式。故month改为months。‎ 第四处：去掉 take an advantage of 中的an；考查固定词组搭配。take advantage of“利用”，为固定短语。故去掉 take an advantage of 中的an。‎ 第五处：hardly改为hard；考查副词。hardly“几乎不”；hard可以作副词“努力地”。句意：Sarah努力学习。故hardly改为hard。 ‎ 第六处：but改为so；考查并列连词。根据句意可知，前后存在因果关系，而不是转折关系。故but改为so。‎ 第七处：woke改为wakes；考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前Sarah的生活状态，应使用一般现在时。故woke改为wakes。‎ 第八处：live改为living；考查时间状语从句中的省略。分析句子结构可知，此处完整句子为I admire her independence for doing all of this while she is living so far away from her family.；当时间、条件状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略掉从句中的主语及be动词。故live改为living。‎ 第九处：in 改为of；考查介词搭配。根据下文中，Sarah在英语方面，时常帮助同学可知，她很乐于助人。be+of+抽象名词=be +相应的形容词。故in改为of。‎ 第十处：在time ∧help 之间加to；考查动词搭配。take time to do sth.“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。故在time ∧help 之间加to。‎ ‎3. 【辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校2017届高三第五次模拟】I used to be a physician at a hospital. I often treated children who had poisoned by medicine with older family members. The children didn’t know the medicine was danger; they just knew it tasted sweetly. Children easily open the bottle what we now use in China.‎ Some days before, I talked about medicines with an American. He showed me a sort of plastic bottle. The design was quite simple and I’m sure our Chinese factories can produce these bottles. The top of the bottle can be opened by pressing down on them while turning, which is difficult for most young children to do so, though grown-up can open these bottles very easily. I’m certain that the expense of making such tops would be very small. As a doctor, I’d love to see this doing. And most parents would be grateful.‎ Sincerely yours ‎【答案】1.had 后面加been ‎2.with—for ‎3.danger—dangerous ‎4.sweetly--sweet ‎ ‎5.what ---that/which/去掉what ‎6.before—ago ‎7.them—it ‎8.to do so 去掉so ‎9.grown-up---grown-ups ‎10.doing—done ‎【解析】第一处：考查语态。由句意可知，children与poison是被动关系，需要用被动语态，故要在had 后面加been。‎ 第六处：考查副词。ago和before都表示“……以前”，不同的是ago通常与一般过去时连用，而before与完成时连用，故要将before改为ago。‎ 第七处：考查代词。此处指代前面的the bottle作介词on的宾语，故要将them改为it。‎ 第八处：考查不定式。此处为不定式作后置定语修饰most young children，so是多余的，故去掉so。‎ 第九处：考查名词。grown-up是可数名词，表示“成年人”，此处应该用复数表泛指，故要将grown-up改为grown-ups。‎ 第十处：考查语态。see sth done表示“看见某事被做”，故要将doing改为done。‎ ‎【名师点睛】时态语态是短文改错中的必考点，考生一定要弄清楚名词与动词间的主动或被动关系以及一些固定用法的掌握。例如本篇改错就出现了两个语态考查点，第一个比较简单，第二个只要考生平时练习中熟练掌握“see sth done”这一结构也不难得分。所以考生们在平时练习中一定要熟练运用see sb do/doing，see sth done/being done，get sth done/doing等结构的区别。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Bicycling is not only a great way to see the outdoors 61 take in the fresh air, but also a great way to develop muscle and burn fat. You will 62 (probable) burn somewhere between 400 and 500 calories on a one-hour bicycling trip.‎ If weight loss is your objective, cycling can be very beneficial. A gradual weight loss of about one pound a week is a wise goal, 63 helps to maintain muscle tissue and greatly 64 (increase) your chance of long-term success. People who lose 65 great deal of weight quickly are very likely 66 (regain) the pounds within the first year.‎ If daily physical activity is a new part of your life, please don’t make too many other changes until the daily activity 67 (establish). In other words, it is not a good idea to start exercising and give up sugar, coffee and cigarettes all at the same time. Besides, a healthy diet is of great importance as well. 68 (eat) a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains will support the loss of extra 69 (pound) while fueling your body on cycling trips.‎ Cycling will help you to feel stronger than before. If you take it up as a daily activity along with healthy eating, a 70 (fit) body is a sure result.‎ ‎【文章大意】自行车运动对人的健康非常有好处。它不仅可以让你欣赏户外的景色，呼吸新鲜空气，还可以让人们强健体魄。‎ ‎61. and 考查并列连词。在see the outdoors和take in the fresh air这两个动词短语中间应该用一个并列连词。因为这两个动作是同时发生的，所以要用连词and。‎ ‎62. probably 考查副词。本空的词用来修饰后面的动词burn，所以要用副词。故填probably。‎ ‎63. which 考查定语从句。根据本句中的情况来判断，前面的部分是一个句子，中间用的是逗号，所以后面的部分应该是一个定语从句，并且此定语从句中缺主语，所填词指代物，故填which。‎ ‎64. increases考查动词第三人称单数形式。此处的increase应该和前面的helps一起作定语从句中的谓语，所以increase要用第三人称单数形式，故填increases。‎ ‎65. a考查冠词。a great deal of是固定搭配，意思是“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词。故填a。‎ ‎66. to regain 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do的意思是“很可能做……”，所以此处要填to regain。‎ ‎67. is established 考查被动语态。前面的主语是daily activity，为单数形式，且前面使用的是一般现在时，后面的时态要和前面的保持一致，而且此处表示被动，故此处填is established。‎ ‎68. Eating 考查动名词。此处需要名词形式充当主语，因此需要将动词eat变为动名词eating。故填Eating。‎ ‎69. pounds 考查名词复数形式。本空前面的extra意思是“额外的”，要将pound变为复数形式，表示“额外磅数的损失”，即减掉的重量。故填pounds。‎ ‎70. fitter考查形容词比较级。fit在这里的意思是“健康的”，语境是“如果你每天锻炼，健康饮食，你一定会得到一个更加健康的体魄”，暗含比较，故将fit变为fitter。‎ ‎2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Second tier cities have become more attractive to fresh graduates, with unicorn companies （“独角兽”公司）the new favorite choice, among graduates born after 1995, according to 41 report. The report__42___(show) the percentage of graduates who look forward to __43___(find) a job in those cities rose to 44 percent, up eight percentage points from last year.‎ At the same time, the number of graduates __44___will choose first-tier cities dropped _45__ 36 percent from51 percent in 2013.‎ ‎ More graduates are flocking to the "new first-tier cities", such as the ___46___(east) city of Hangzhou, where the G20 summit_ 47__(hold) in early September，2016. It also reveals the attractiveness of____48____(tradition) web portal or software companies is fading as companies ‎ dealing with big data, or in the cultural and entertainment industry, begin to win more young hearts.‎ Unicorn companies, such as Ant Financial and Didi Chuxing, are the new appealing stars in recruitment（招聘）.‎ The report also__49___(definite) shows 14.8 percent of this year's graduates are willing__50___ (join) some start-ups with fewer than 100 employees, up 5.9 percent from last year.‎ 答案：41. a 42. shows 43. finding 44. who/that 45. to ‎46. eastern 47.was held 48.traditional 49. definitely 50. to join ‎41. a 考查冠词的用法。句意是：根据一份报告，二线城市对95后应届毕业生的更具吸引力，而“独角兽”公司则成为了新宠。a/an+名词单数表泛指，故填a。‎ ‎42. shows 考查一般现在时态。本篇文章叙述的是事实，所以应该用一般现在时态，主语“The report” 是第三人称单数，故填shows。‎ ‎43. finding 考查动名词的用法。look forward to … 意思是“盼望”，to是介词，介词之后应该用动名词作宾语，故填finding。 ‎ ‎44. who/that 考查定语从句的关系代词。此处是定语从句，先行词是“graduates”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。‎ ‎48.traditional 考查形容词的用法。名词之前应该用形容词，故填traditional。‎ ‎49. definitely 考查副词的用法。修饰动词的词应该是副词，故填definitely。‎ ‎50. to join 考查不定式的用法。be willing to do sth“愿意做某事”，故填to join。‎ 出处：http://www.kekenet.com/read/201611/480171.shtml 词数：238‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I’ve had a lot of wonderfully experiences during Senior High. Among them anything between my class teacher and I is the most unforgettable.‎ I was addicting to online games in Senior One, which meant I was unable to concentrate my studies. Learning this, my class teacher wanted to help me out by compete with me. He said I would have to play games less unless I was beaten. I was so confident that I agreed. Therefore, I was told later our class teacher was good at the online games. You can imagine the result of our competition. From then on, I promised I will spend most of my time on my lessons.‎ I can’t thank my teachers too much for his help.‎ ‎【答案】‎ I’ve had a lot of wonderfully experiences during Senior High. Among them anything between my class teacher ‎ wonderful something and I is the most unforgettable.‎ I was addicting to online games in Senior One, which meant I was unable to concentrate ∧ my studies.‎ ‎ addicted on Learning this, my class teacher wanted to help me out by compete with me. He said I would have to play games ‎ competing less unless I was beaten. I was so confident that I agreed. Therefore, I was told later our class teacher was good at ‎ ‎ if However the online games. You can imagine the result of our competition. From then on, I promised I will spend most of my ‎ ‎ would time on my lessons.‎ I can’t thank my teachers too much for his help.‎ ‎ teacher 第一处：wonderfully → wonderful。考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词experiences，所以要将副词wonderfully改为形容词wonderful。‎ 第二处：anything → something。考查不定代词的用法。本句在叙述的过程中提到了老师和作者的一些事情。但是在肯定句中要用something，不能用anything。故将anything改为something。‎ 第三处：addicting → addicted。考查分词的用法。表示“人对……上瘾”，要用be addicted to。故将addicting变为addicted。‎ 第四处：在concentrate后面加上介词on。考查固定搭配的用法。此处concentrate应该和介词on连用，然后跟宾语，表示“集中（思想、注意力等）在……上”。故在concentrate后面加上介词on。‎ 第五处：compete → competing。考查动名词的用法。前面有介词by，所以动词要变成-ing形式，故将compete变为competing。‎ 第六处：unless → if。考查连词的用法。该句的意思应该是“如果我被打败的话，我会少玩游戏”，而unless的意思是“如果不，除非”，所以要将unless改为if。‎ 第七处：Therefore → However。考查副词的用法。这里的上下句应该是转折关系，不是因果关系。故将Therefore改为However。‎ 第八处：去掉at和online中间的the。考查冠词的用法。这里应该是泛指网络游戏，所以要去掉定冠词the。‎ 第九处：will → would。考查时态的用法。此处要注意上下文的时态一致。前面主句用的是promised，所以后面的从句要用相应的过去时态。故将will改为would。‎ 第十处：teachers → teacher。考查名词的单复数。作者在这里要感谢的是班主任老师一个人，所以应该用单数形式。故将teachers改为teacher。‎ ‎2. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ In order to encourage the students take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activity in April 10. Hundreds of us took part in it.‎ ‎　 At 8:00 am, we gather at the foot of Daqing Moutain and set out for the top in high spirit. All the way we were chatting, singing but laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind, others would come and offer help. About 2 hours late, we all reached the top. Bathing in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.‎ ‎　　 The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it get us close to the nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted your friendship. What a wonderfully time!‎ 答案：‎ In order to encourage the students take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain-climbing activityApril 10. Hundreds of us took part in it.‎ At 8:00 am, we at the foot of Daqing Moutain and set out for the top in high . All the way we were chatting, singing laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind, others would come and offer help. About 2 hours , we all reached the top. in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy. ‎ ‎　　The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted friendship. What a time!‎ 第一处：在take之前添加to。考查不定式的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.，意思是“鼓励某人做某事。”故在take之前添加to。‎ 第二处：in——on。 考查介词的用法。具体到某一天应该用介词on，故把in 改为on。‎ 第三处：gather—gathered。考查一般过去时态。本段叙述的是过去的事，应该用一般过去时态，故把gather改为gathered。‎ 第四处：spirit——spirits。考查名词的复数。in high spirits是固定短语，意思是“情绪高涨”。故把spirit改为spirits。‎ 第八处：删去the。考查冠词的用法。nature之前一般不用冠词，故把the删去。‎ 第九处：your——our。考查物主代词的用法。根据句意可知：这次活动不仅贴近了大自然，而且还增进了我们之间的友谊，故把your改为our。‎ 第十处：wonderfully—wonderfu。考查形容词的用法。名词之前应该用形容词，故把wonderfully改为wonderful。‎ 出处：http://write.kekenet.com/show_1549‎ ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1. He is a good student, ______ worthy of being praised ‎ A. that B. it C. the one D. one ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他是一个好学生，一个值得表扬的学生。代词one=a student，此处表示泛指，作前面a good student的同位语。所以选择D。‎ 考点：考查代词的用法 ‎2. ---Jack, when shall we play football together, Wednesday or Thursday?‎ ‎ ---_______. I’ll be on business then.‎ A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词。句意：--杰克，我们什么时候去踢足球，周三还是周四呢？--(周三和周四)都不行。我那时正在出差。A. Either两者之一；B. Both两者都；C. Neither两者都不；D. None三者以上的人或物中没有一个。问句给出的范围是两者，再根据句意可知这两天都不可以，是全部否定，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查不定代词 ‎3. The natural environment should be protected because of the important role _______ plays in ‎ human survival and development.‎ A. this B. one C. that D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：自然环境应该得到保护，因为它在人类的生存和发展中起着重要的作用。it指代The natural ‎ environment。it用于替代上文出现的同一事物；one用于替代上文提到的可数名词单数，表示泛指；that用 于替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，特指。故选D项。‎ 考点：代词辨析 ‎4. The present financial situation has made _______ more urgent than ever for China to change its development model.‎ A. this B. one C. that D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：对中国来说，目前的金融形势使得改变其发展模式比以往任何时候都迫切。it在本句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式结构“for China to change its development model”。故选D项。‎ 考点：代词辨析 ‎5. Scientists now say that five seconds is all that _______ takes for food to become contaminated with enough bacteria to make you sick.‎ A. it B. one C. that D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：……食物发生菌变使人生病需要5秒钟。it在本句中作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式结构“to become contaminated with enough bacteria to make you sick”。故选A项。‎ 考点：代词辨析 ‎6.Life is indeed a strange gift, and ______ privileges are most mysterious.‎ A. one’s B. its C. those D. these ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：生命确确实实是一份特别的礼物，它所包含的种种特权是最为神奇莫测的。依照句意可知空格处指代life’s privileges，故用it的形容词性物主代词即可，故选B项。‎ ‎【考点】考查代词 ‎7. “One blue represents the economy growing. ______blue is the blue sky. That means we have to balance development and environmental protection,” Wang Zhongbing said. ‎ ‎ A. The other B.Another C.Other D. The others ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：王中丙说：“一个蓝色代表经济增长.另外一个蓝色代表蓝天.那意味着我们不得不平衡经济发展和环境保护。”根据development and environmental protection可知是两者，故答案为A。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎8. There’s _______ that makes my blood boil more than when I see someone parking in a parking spot that is reserved for the disabled.‎ A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：没什么比我看到有人将车停放在专为残疾人预留的停车场地上更生气的事情了。故选D项nothing。“nothing that makes my blood boil more than…”意为“没有什么比……更让我生气的”。‎ 考点：不定代词辨析 ‎9. I’d appreciate ______if you would give me some advice on how to learn English well.‎ ‎ A. that B. it C. this D. how ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定句型。it是英语中用法较多较复杂的一个代词。它可用在表示喜恶类的动词之后作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放到后面，构成句型：动词+it+从句。此类动词有：enjoy、hate、like、dislike、appreciate、prefer等。本句就是用在appreciate之后，构成句型：appreciate it if…，表示如果…...，我会感激的。故选择B。句意为：如果你能对我的英语学习给出点建议的话，我会感激的。‎ 考点：考查固定句型 ‎10. Little John will spend half of his holiday practicing English and _______ half learning drawing.‎ A. another B. other C. other’s D. the other ‎【答案】D 考点：代词 ‎11. In class the teacher clarified the finance project in simple but vivid language to make _____ easier for us to understand.‎ ‎ A. one B. it C.them D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：在课堂上老师用简单但是生动的语言解释财政项目，为了能让学生更好的理解。使用make it+形容词+不定式，选B。‎ 考点：考查代词 ‎12. ——Is there anything else I can do for you, Jack?‎ ‎——No. Thanks. I really appreciate that you could give me some suggestions on the exam.‎ A. it B. one C. that D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：Jack，有什么其他事情要我为你做的吗？--不。谢谢，就这次考试你能给我一些建议，我就很感激了。这里appreciate是“感激，感谢”，不能直接接从句，要先接形式宾语it，再接从句，所以选A。‎ 考点：考查代词（原创）‎ ‎13. Wherever he is, he makes ______ a rule to give his mother a call every day.‎ A. him B. it C. that D. this ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定句型。句意：无论在哪，他都把每天给妈妈打一个电话作为一种惯例。make it a rule to do sth把做某事当作惯例，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故选B。‎ 考点：考查固定句型 ‎14．—How many practical plans has your deskmate made this week?‎ ‎— . All have turned out disappointing.‎ A. None B. Nothing C. Nobody D. No ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查不定代词。A没有一个；B 没有什么；C没有人；D没有，不。因为上句中提到了practical plans，所以下文应该用none特指上文提到过的人或物中一个也没有，而nothing泛指没有什么；nobody用来指人；no 用来回答一般疑问句，由此可知A选项正确。句意：—这周你同桌制定了多少切实可行的计划呢？—一个也没有。所有的计划结果都让人失望。‎ 考点：考查不定代词。‎ ‎15．— Why did you give up the job in America?‎ ‎ — Because I don’t want to stay far away from my girlfriend. You know, she means ______ to me.‎ A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查代词的用法。句意：—你为什么放弃了美国的工作？—因为我不想离我女朋友太远。她对我意味着一切。‎ 考点：考查不定代词。‎ ‎16．Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while practical work can help _________ thrive．‎ ‎ A．that B．this C．it D．which ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：空谈误国，实干兴邦。这里it指the nation，所以选C。‎ 考点：考查代词的用法。‎ ‎17. —The tickets for the concert have been sold out. ‎ ‎ —Thanks for reminding me, but I am lucky to have got . ‎ ‎ A. another B. it C. that D. one ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查指示代词。another泛指三者以上的人或物中的另一个；it特指同一个；that特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，指可数名词时，相当于the one；one指代可数名词，表示泛指。这里泛指“一张音乐会的票”，故选D。‎ 考点：考查指示代词 ‎18．The hunter shot at the birds ______ the big tree, only to shoot ______．‎ A． on; nothing B． on; neither C． in; none D． in; no one ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：猎人向那棵大树上的鸟开枪射击，不料没有一只中弹。on the tree 在树上的东西本身是树的一部分东西（如叶子、果实）；in the tree 在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分（如鸟、人）；none 既可以指代物也可以指代人，no one ,nobody只可以指代人，nothing只能够指代物。另外，上文如果已经出现过的名词下文只能用none来替代（人或物）：e.g. Is there any water in the bottle? None. （上文中已提到water，下文就可以用none来替代）；Lily has a sister,but I have none.（上文中已提到sister下文用none替代）Is there anthing in the fridge ? Nothing.(此种情况上文中没有提到具体的某样东西，回答就不在用none)，Is there anbody in the classroom? No one/ Nobody.(上文中没有提到具体的某个人，顾不用none).由句意可知选C。‎ 考点: 考查介词和代词的用法。‎ ‎19.I intended to compare the notes with a friend,but unfortunately_______ couldn’t spare me even one minute.‎ A.they B.one C.who D.it ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查代词。but为并列连词，所以不能填who。it指代同一个物体，此时不指人。one指代任意一个不合题意。they是指整体概念，所有的人。句子中的a friend是泛指。‎ ‎20.I just choose a simpler lifestyle, ____ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.‎ A． that B． it C． one D． another ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎21.I felt so bad all day yesterday that this morning I couldn't face ______ day like that.‎ A．other B．another C．the other D．others ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。句中所要表达的意思是说话人不能再面对像昨天那样的另外一天，所以用 another，表示“再一，又一”。‎ ‎ ‎