高考英语第二轮复习语音专题练习+热点专题复习阅读理解+定语从句+主格结构

高考英语第二轮复习语音专题练习+热点专题复习阅读理解+定语从句+主格结构

高考英语第二轮复习语音 专题练习+热点专题复习阅读理解+定语从句+主格结构 高考英语第二轮复习语音专题练习(附参考答案) 找出划线部分与所给单词划线部分读音完全相同的选项 1 1. caught A. laughB. aunt C. naughty D. beauty 2. realize A. theatre B. weather C. breakD. breath 3. famous A. ceiling B. raise C. usual D. physical 4. now A. shallow B. show C. blow D. cow 5. threeA. rather B. nothing C. brother D. neither 2 1. southern A. bathroom B. cloth C. health D. farther 2. sneaker A. appeal B. steak C. wealth D. appearance 3. practicedA. recognized B. watched C. whispered D. worried 4. tongue A. compare B. movement C. government D. motto 5. question A. suggestion B. decision C. impression D. competition 3 1. machine A. shine B. holiday C. police D. alive 2. anxious A. attentively B. strange C. control D. twinkle 3. enough A. mountain B. southern C. through D. ground 4. resign A. recognizeB. sense C. useful D. treasure 5. month A. breathe B. clothe C. teeth D. smooth 4 1. fond A. long B. among C. found D. can’t 2. many A. Germany B. balance C. great D. sweat 3. who A. what B. whiteC. whole D. why 4. blind A. spit B. wine C. sting D. skin 5. ten A. net B. mention C. patient D. listen 5 1. salt A. chalkB. calm C. almost D. half 2. news A. research B. witness C. forecast D. Thursday 3. asked A. impressed B. denied C. entertained D. advocated 4. biology A. commercial B. observe C. occurD. obvious 5. enough A. cough B. cousin C. youthD. shoulder 6 1. nephew A. hostess B. targetC. technician D. deliver 2. pond A. bonus B. accustomed C. composer D. comment 3. interpreter A. carpenter B. transfer C. barbershop D. neither 4. worthy A. though B. worth C. thought D. thousand 5. special A. semicircle B. innocent C. application D. association 7 1. deal A. dealt B. meant C. breathe D. great 2. among A. fond B. alongC. lovely D. modern 3. question A. condition B. suggestion C. population D. situation 4. angry A. province B. frequent C. strange D. anxious 5. official A. special B. accept C. decision D. escape 8 1. also A. album B. already C. all D. challenge 2. brought A. thought B. through C. though D. courage 3. bread A. beast B. measure C. real D. breathe 4. machine A. sandwich B. character C. Chicago D. challenge 5. weigh A. height B. foreign C. receive D. neighbor 9 1. kick A. live B. life C. machine D. shine 2. receive A. believe B. certain C. height D. remain 3. theatre A. appear B. especiallyC. learner D. society 4. languageA. attentively B. control C. strange D. twinkle 5. pressure A. measure B. expression C. pleasure D. professor 10 1. cookA. blood B. foot C. groom D. tooth 2. shout A. shoulder B. soup C. mouse D. ought 3. farther A. further B. throatC. Thailand D. thankful 4. heard A. hear B. birthday C. period D. repair 5. Christmas A. grammar B. garage C. comfortable D. fate 11 1. drown A. cough B. dawn C. slow D. shower 2. breathe A. health B. deaf C. increase D. pleasure 3. bucket A. frequent B. senior C. review D. receipt 4. surface A. perfect B. pressure C. properly D. surprise 5. fasten A. translation B. painter C. ChristmasD. sightseeing 12 1. result A. moment B. double C. supervise D. musician 2. pleasure A. noisyB. usually C. sugar D. sailor 3. headacheA. league B. queue C. technique D. choke 4. follow A. crowd B. shower C. town D. show 5. polite A. police B. exit C. island D. promise 13 1. hear A. nearly B. search C. bear D. heart 2. change A. machine B. headache C. technique D. research 3. surprise A. police B. apologize C. bridge D. children 4. safely A. base B. season C. Asia D. usual 5. museum A. subject B. true C. huge D. busy 14 1. translate A. trade B. village C. language D. courage 2. wallet A. wasteB. watch C. waterD. wall 3. asleep A. package B. headache C. message D. awake 4. anything A. amuse B. jacket C. marry D. many 5. moustache A. graspB. population C. servant D. Japanese 15 1. completeA. these B. president C. splendid D. send 2. medicineA. English B. secretC. helicopterD. complete 3. record(n.) A. restaurantB. recently C. reduce D. reception 4. recycle A. receive B. regular C. remarry D. refer 5. September A. selectB. kitchen C. sentence D. garden 16 1. surprise A. forgive B. police C. impolite D. bridge 2. difficult A. mirror B. flight C. design D. holiday 3. suppose A. stove B. proveC. none D. gone 4. commonA. almost B. among C. honesty D. homesick 5. official A. officer B. society C. tomato D. pardon 17 1. universe A. bury B. business C. true D. pupil 2. concludeA. push B. bulletC. supper D. include 3. button A. luggage B. truth C. educate D. butcher 4. unless A. autumn B. minute C. subject D. uncle 5. wooden A. choose B. fool C. notebook D. flood 18 1. pleasure A. league B. oceanC. reality D. breakfast 2. Britain A. captain B. obtain C. contain D. curtain 3. chimney A. height B. degree C. delay D. valley 4. expression A. excellent B. experience C. existence D. expert 5. especial A. century B. comfort C. oceanD. concert 19 1. measure A. pressure B. usually C. peasant D. safety 2. anxious A. government B. language C. corner D. landscape 3. general A. garage B. goal C. guideD. gymnast 4. smooth(v.) A. weather B. mouth C. through D. warmth 5. finger A. engineer B. hungry C. singer D. length 20 1. stomach A. machine B. sandwich C. match D. chemistry 2. watched A. trusted B. destroyed C. copied D. walked 3. houses A. storybooks B. potatoes C. radios D. oranges 4. surface A. particular B. clerk C. thirsty D. normal 5. listen A. Christmas B. twenty C. sweetD. handwriting 21 1. grade A. temperature B. classmate C. necklace D. fortunate 2. south A. courage B. soup C. southern D. trousers 3. smooth A. feather B. tooth C. thief D. warmth 4. official A. concert B. century C. coast D. ocean 5. surprise A. performance B. further C. work D. nurse 22 1. honest A. husband B. habit C. hour D. host 2. occur A. position B. possible C. offer D. ocean 3. enough A. shoutB. touch C. soul D. mouth 4. wear A. cheerB. require C. near D. share 5. watchedA. refused B. wanted C. worked D. judged 23 1. clothing A. thorough B. therefore C. thunder D. thread 2. excuse A. experience B. expert C. excellent D. exist 3. measure A. treat B. health C. break D. leave 4. basin A. position B. opposite C. persuade D. husband 5. tough A. tongue B. proper C. socialist D. announce 24 1. also A. album B. already C. all D. challenge 2. brought A. thought B. through C. though D. cough 3. illegal A. belief B. recent C. separate D. September 4. machine A. sandwich B. character C. Chicago D. challenge 5. weigh A. height B. foreign C. receive D. neighbor 25 1. recent A. behind B. complete C. recorder D. satellite 2. shoulder A. should B. country C. soul D. through 3. pleasure A. usually B. sure C. pleasant D. citizen 4. railway A. mountain B. afraidC. Tuesday D. captain 5. permanent A. general B. graduate C. narrow D. relate 26 1. scholarship A. checkB. exchange C. cheese D. Christmas 2. hesitate A. curious B. advise C. essay D. false 3. horror A. belong B. chokeC. honey D. program 4. butcher A. luggage B. issue C. musician D. bush 5. curtain A. character B. choice C. certain D. process 27 1. breathe A. mouthful B. thought C. athlete D. within 2. develop A. directB. deliver C. check D. event 3. faultA. cousin B. laugh C. aunt D. airport 4. block A. notice B. correctionC. geography D. revolutionary 5. chemical A. stomach B. church C. chimney D. chocolate 28 1. conclude A. bush B. unusual C. truly D. curious 2. permission A. question B. tradition C. television D. revision 3. fascinate A. badminton B. name C. exchange D. command 4. rhinoceros A. honesty B. herb C. hempD. high 5. appearance A. latter B. pineapple C. male D. arise 29 1. old A. o’clock B. production C. method D. tobacco 2. celebration A. accent B. seedless C. discovery D. golden 3. application A. practical B. tobacco C. stage D. nationality 4. quality A. bicycle B silence C. guide D. cyclist 5. heaven A. headline B. dream C. reason D. peanut 30 1. undertake A. debate B. last C. match D. talent 2. bicycle A. mistake B. within C. addict D. kite 3. observe A. term B. teacher C. experiment D. cooker 4. theory A. with B. these C. thought D. although 5. parade A. paragraphB. phrase C. rapid D. practical 31 1. upper A. regular B. usually C. unionD. republic 2. foot A. gooseB. proof C. look D. room 3. general A. judge B. grain C. glass D. guess 4. goods A. consist B. westwards C. consumer D. sorry 5. fly A. tiny B. butterfly C. reality D. system 32 1. uncle A. hand B. sink C. danger D. common 2. walls A. sign B. newspaper C. pleasure D. president 3. debtA. subject B. umbrella C. climb D. borrow 4. break A. idea B. peasant C. great D. real 5. wander A. want B. waterC. hand D. plant 33 1. ability A. assist B. candyC. background D. after 2. sidewalk A. giftedB. visual C. officer D. rider 3. blue A. stuck B. dusty C. conduct D. glue 4. recognize A. lose B. sit C. sorry D. salty 5. reject A. vest B. accessibleC. potential D. remarry 34 1. beard A. heardB. learn C. bear D. hear 2. tightA. athletic B. inspect C. arise D. bid 3. fade A. blank B. navy C. gather D. various 4. truth A. bush B. evaluate C. suggest D. blue 5. edition A. elect B. aspect C. evidence D. inspect 35 1. advertiseA. creator B. react C. annoy D. razor 2. loss A. post B. associate C. profit D. accustomed 3. nowadays A. cow B. window C. low D. know 4. properly A. year B. yellow C. policyD. why 5. thirst A. throat B. with C. clothes D. those 36 1. consult A. pull B. blue C. bull D. uncertain 2. income A. approval B. stove C. welcome D. come 3. abuse A. haircut B. use C. cut D. mutton 4. booklet A. foot B. tool C. tooth D. mood 5. shabby A. penny B. simplify C. fly D. year 37 1. cheek A. chemistry B. charge C. technical D. character 2. hear A. diary B. pioneer C. therefore D. really 3. anxious A. anger B. conclusion C. dangerous D. branch 4. example A. experience B. except C. exact D. exhibition 5. height A. eight B. ceiling C. fight D. lift 38 1. said A. says B. say C. delayD. maid 2. hire A. stareB. merely C. inspire D. there 3. union A. university B. uncleC. upside D. must 4. official A. month B. offer C. postman D. observe 5. comb A. doubt B. basement C. backyard D. balance 39 1. cubeA. unique B. but C. substance D. thus 2. hydrogen A. oxygen B. fly C. steady D. Sunday 3. atom A. lot B. gallon C. vote D. over 4. absorb A. sort B. doctor C. visitor D. chorus 5. stable A. slavery B. demand C. have D. marriage 40 1. quiet A. society B. field C. various D. piece 2. pressure A. vision B. Asian C. pleasure D. pleased 3. early A. heart B. dear C. hear D. learn 4. explanation A. excellent B. exactly C. existenceD. example 5. stomach A. chickB. moustache C. characterD. sandwich 1. CAADB 2. DABCA 3. CDBAC 4. ADCBA 5. CDADB 6. CDBAD 7. CCBDA 8. BABCD 9. AAADB 10. BCABC 11. DCCAC 12. BBCDC 13. ADBAC 14. ABDDA 15. ACACC 16. CAACB 17. DDAAC 18. DDDBC 19. BBDAB 20. DDDCA 21. BDADA 22. CABDC 23. BABCA 24. BABCD 25. BCABA 26. DBADA 27. DBDCA 28. CBAAD 29. DBCDA 30. ADACA 31. DCABB 32. BDCCA 33. ADDAD 34. DCBDA 35. BCACA 36. DCBAA 37. BDACC 38. ACADA 39. ABBAA 40. ABDAC 高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——阅读理解(附参考答案) 考情动态分析 多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。近几年的高考考试说明反复强调：阅渎 是我国学生接触英语的最主要途径，也是高中外语教学的重点，在试卷设计和试题难度方面 应该予以重视。这一观点在近几年的高考试题中得到了充分的体现。全卷 l 50 分，阅读理解 占 40 分，更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接 考查。没有人会怀疑今后相当长的时间内阅读理解能力仍将是高考考查的重点。可以毫不夸 张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！ 1．高考对阅读理解的要求 (1)《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求： 要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂 志中的简短文章。考生应能： ①理解主旨大意； ②寻找具体信息； ③识别不同文体特征； ④根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义； ⑤作出简单的判断和推理； ⑥理解文章的基本逻辑结构； ⑦把握作者的意图和态度； ⑧理解文章的文化信息。 (2)《新课程标准》对阅读理解的目标要求： 《新课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的： ①能识别不同文体的特征； ②能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬； ③能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度； ④能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理； ⑤能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品； ⑥除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到 30 万词以上。 2．近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测 (1)题型设置 阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型，在整个试卷中占的分值最大。一般是 4～5 篇短文， 共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 40 分。阅读理解的主要考查题型有： ①细节理解：主要考查对支持文章主题细节的理解，以考查考生准确理解细节的能力。 一篇文章必须通过许多细节的信息来解释或表达主题，体现主题思想。弄懂这些细节对于理 解全文的作用是不容忽视的。因此要在阅读时准确把握所提供的信息。这类考题是比较直接 的，理解字面意思就可答题，有时则是比较间接的．要通过归纳、综合才能得出答案。 ②词义理解：主要考查对文章中某些单词或词组的扩展意义的理解，以考查考生根据上 下文对词义理解的能力。此题型要求考生正确理解文章中个别关键词句的含义．其中有词语 替换或句型转换的表层理解题．也有联系全文意义来判断有关词句含义及寓意的深层理解题。 一般情况下．考生认真辨析各项含义后即可选出正确答案：但也有些试题要求联系全文意思 才能判断其含义及寓意．做题时耍反复推敲，特别要理解该词在文章中前后句的意思。 ③推理判断：主要考查对文章某个细节或事实的延伸理解，以考查考生根据文章事实作 出推理判断的能力。此题型要求考生纵观全文．在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行 正确的逻辑推理．判断作者的意向．人物的动机、目的、性格特征．事件的前因后果．语言 中的语气等。此类题属于深层理解题，要做好此类题．必须透彻理解全文，认真探究句意， 注意逻辑关系及有关的生活常识。 每篇文章都有一定的写作目的．作者往往期待读者渎了文章后知道该怎样去做某些事情 或按某种方式去思考问题。这层意思通常并不是在文章中明确表达出来．而是隐含在文章中。 考生要在通渎全文的基础上去领会作者的言外之意．对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理想 像．对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而得出与原文所给信息相吻合的、合乎逻辑的 最佳答案。 ④主旨大意：主要考查对文章的主题思想、大意的理解，以考查考生整体理解文章、把 握文章主旨大意的能力。此题分为两大类型：一类是要求考生在理解全文后归纳短文要点， 概括中心思想。这时要特别注意文章的第一句或最后一句．或者第一段。第一段往往是故事 的梗概，表达了主题思想。另一类是概括文章的话题或议题，即高度概括文章所涉及的中心 内容。话题往往可用很少几个词加以概括。困难的是有时为了行文需要，可能涉及数个话题。 这时要注意分析比较，弄清哪是最重要的中心话题，哪是次要话题。 ⑤图形识别：主要考查根据文章内容对地图、图表的理解，以考查对图形的理解能力。 (2)命题特点 ①阅读材料的选择贴近生活，广泛多样 近六年阅读短文题材一览表(以全国卷 I 为例) A B C D E 03 科普类 新闻报道 广告类 人物类 文化类 04 史地类 科普类 广告类 文化类 科普类 05(I) 广告类 故事类 哲理类 科普类 文化类 06(I) 文化类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类 07(I) 哲理类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类 08(I) 故事类 科普类 科普类 广告类 社会类 从短文的选材上看，文章的内容都非常贴近生活，非常现代，重视实用，特别强调 时代气息。重视语言文化背景，所涉及的内容非常广泛，有一定的知识性、趣味性和思想性， 体裁多样。重在语言知识的实际的应用。 ②近五六阅读理解试题词汇量的相关数据： 高考年份 总词量 短文词量 试题词量 读速要求 NMET2003 2193 1454 739 62.7 NMET2004 2354 1563 791 68 NMET2005(I) 2273 1390 883 64.9 NMET2006(I) 1995 1325 668 56.94 NMET2007(I) 2000 1402 598 57.3 NMET2008(I) 2095 1391 704 59.9 从上表可以看出，高考阅读量与阅读速度近五年来保持基本稳定，基本上符合《全日制 普通高级中学英语教学大纲》上“二级目标与要求”所规定的要求。能以每分钟 70~80 个词 的速度，读懂生词率不超过 3％的材料，应付高考还是绰绰有余的。 ③所选短文多是外国人写的反映外国事物的内容，文章结构严谨，逻辑性强，英语语言 地道、标准，话题适合当代中学生。 ④问题的设置科学合理，检测重点放在考查考生获取信息、解决问题的语言运用能力上。 (3)高考预测 通过对近几年高考试题的分析，加上某些省份《新课程标准》的试用，可知今后阅读理 解题的命题趋向： ①更加重视词汇量的扩大，注意新增词汇； ②更加重视语篇分析、推测能力，而减少对事实、细节的考查； ③更加重视阅读量和阅读速度； ④采用原版英文材料，内容新颖，语言更加地道 ⑤取材更加广泛，题材和体裁更加灵活多样。 真题回放 例 2008(I) It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day. —When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible. Don’t’ use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying. —Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Don’t wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival. —Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish. —Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water. Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim. —Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away. With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival. 64. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they _________ A. don’t want it to die B. hope it will grow quickly C. don’t want to have it as food D. want to practice their fishing skills 【标准答案】C。 【试题解析】从文章第一段的语句 It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat.可知钓到的鱼 太小，不想带回家吃。 【考点】细节理解题。 65. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill? A. Taking the hook off it. B. Removing its scales. C. Touching its eves D. Holding it in your hand. 【标准答案】B。 【试题解析】从文中第二条建议 Don’t wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.可知刮掉鱼鳞会让鱼生病，减少成 活的机会。 【考点】细节理解题。 66. A proper way to release a fish is to _________. A .move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomach C. keep it in a bucket for some time D. let it struggle a little in your hand 【标准答案】A。 【试题解析】从第四条建议 Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim. 可知答案，其余三种情况都是错误的做法。 【考点】细节判断题。 67. What is the purpose of the test? A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less often. C. To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish. 【标准答案】D。 【试题解析】从文章第一段最后一句 The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.（中心句）及文章最后一段的总结句 With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.可知写这篇文章的目的是就如何放养钓到的小鱼，使他们的成活率更 高提出了一些建议。 【考点】推测作者的写作意图题。 解题方法 1．通读全文。掌握大意 快速阅读全文，抓准文中信息，这称为 skim(read quickly to get the main ideas )，其目的是 了解文章内容，明确主题思想，找准主线，掌握大意，力求对文章各层次、各段落闻的逻辑 关系有一个明确的认识。如记叙文常在开头交代出背景，然后以人物活动的时间、地点为线 索展开情节。说明文则应注意其中心主题以及围绕中心所做的阐述，以弄清层次。对于图表、 广告、通知、常见标志等可采用逆向法一一先看试题，然后有针对性地进行扫读，对相关信 息进行快速定位。 2．问题先行，阅读随后 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主 观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基 凋，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、 意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理才能解答。其次，了解试题题千以及各个选项所包含 的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整 合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 3．仔细审题，重点再读 观察试题题干，做到“心中有数”，然后带着特定的信息为目的重点再读，这称为 scan(searching reading，often looking for a particular thing)。此时要特别注意题于中每个问题的 主语、疑问词及重要的谓语，重点注意以下词语：not，unless，without：，on the other’hand， except，rather than，although，as well，always，never，all 等等。弄清试题是客观性试题还 是主观性试题，据此回忆或重读并查找相关信息点，对答案有个初步的确定。 4．全面理解，归纳推理 在实际阅读中，有时作者未把意图说出来，考生要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系， 研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理 解主要包括归纳概括(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一 种刨造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推 断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求考生对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推 理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。 5．分析验证，确定答案 纵观全文，验证答案是解答阅读理解题的最后一步。带着每个小题已初步确定的答案(对 于感觉把握不大、有些困难的小题复读全文)逐一核实各题的答案，看看是否一致，是否合乎 情理、合乎逻辑，是否前后照应。有些答案从局部看是对的，但从整体看就可能不对或不完 全对。这样通过分析验证，就保证了答案的准确无误。 主要考查的题型有： 1．主旨大意题 主旨大意题要求考生掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它的一般范围是：基本论点、文章标 题、主题、大意或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文奄进行高度的概括或总 结。 标志性句子常见的有： Which sentence best expresses the main idea? Which of the following best summaries the passage The passage is mainly about.．． The main idea／The general idea／The main purpose is… The central idea of the paragraph is that… The best title／headline for this passage is… What is the main topic of this passage? The passage deals mainly with／is mainly about／is primarily concerned with．．． 对于这类考题，考生应做到： (1)寻找主题句(topic：sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般说来，每一个段落有一 个中心思想，尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句，其常 见位置是段首第一句或第二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。 (2)概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心 的基础上的，各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 · 高考典题 (2008·山东) Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones. Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month. The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation’s emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. “The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan. Participation in the alert system by carriers—telecommunications companies—is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts. There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules. The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats,” which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts. The service could be in place by 2010. 66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry C. Cell Phone Alerts of Natural Disasters D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻类文章。美国联邦政府打算利用手机短信免费为公众进行 信息警报，这非常是快捷、有效的方式，并即将成为可能。 【答案解析】答案为 D。主旨大意题。文章第一段即是主旨所在。选项 A 缩小了文章内 容表达的范围；选项 B 不是本文所要表达的中心内容，明显不正确；选项 C 太片面，根据文 章倒数第二段中 a terrorist attack or natural disaster 一句可以排除。 方法提炼：通读全文，便可知本题答案。 2．细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查学生对文章某一段落中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能 力，一般包括在原文中可以直接找出答案的直接理解题和需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进 行语义上转换的语义转化题。 标志性句子： Which of the following statements is true (false)? Which of the following is (not) mentioned? Which of the following shows the right order of…? Which is the correct order of the following events? What does the author mention? What is (not) mentioned in the passage? What do we know about…? From the passage , we learn that…. According to the passage，the writer… The writer says．．． 做这种类型的题往往需要运用检索阅读法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问 题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一特定信息(如：日期、数字、专有名词、原因和特点等) 的具体位置。题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”，最常见的就是用引号标识的关 键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。 高考典题 (2008·浙江) Adrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired (听觉受损的)，he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular school couldn’t take care of a special needs students. His parents were determined to take the risk and push him hard to go through his work everyday because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace （节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school. The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06--- being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so. But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.” “If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.” She often said. 41. How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school? A. By speaking. B. By using sign language C. By reading lips D. By making loud noises 【文章大意】：这是一篇关于一位听障青年（ a hearing-impaired young man）自强不息的 励志故事,其中包括了母亲的呕心沥血，永不言弃的决心。本文呼吁家庭和社会应对残疾人有 关爱之心，同时也在无形当中起到了鼓励青少年永不言败，自强不息。 【答案解析】：B。分析：此题考查文章的细节。根据文章的第一段的第二句话可得出答 案。 方法提炼：做此类细节理解题时，关键是由题目而找对文中的关键信息。 3．推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的 言外之意(implied meaning)，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理 的结论。 标志性句子： It can be inferred from the passage that．．． What does the author probably mean by…? What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage following this one would most probably discuss．．． From the last paragraph，we infer that… By the first sentence of the passage，the author means that．．． What’s the attitude of the author towards…? What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对 主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用 scanning 方法，迅速在阅读材料中 确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时，先根据主题思 想，再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主要观点与次要观点(main idea and supporting idea)。 高考典题 (2008·福建) For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car. The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she succeed but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores she highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom. Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. “Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’s better quit while they’re ahead.” 62. The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article _____. A. better-known B. better-organized C. more percussive D. more interesting 63. We can infer from the passage that _____. A. praise for efforts should be more encouraged B. praise for results works better than praise for efforts C. praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life D. praising a child’s abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges 62. C 推理判断题。从第四段引用 Dr. Dweck’s 的话，让人看到这种表扬会导致孩子们退 缩，害怕挑战，从而使文章更具震撼力。 63. A 推理判断题。从第三段 She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.可知。 方法提炼：做此类题时，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容， 由作者字里行间的意思去推断出字里行间之外的意义。 在阅读英语材料这类真实语言活动的过程中，遇到生词本属正常，但我们并不是每次遇 到生词就一定要去查词典的。正确理解、掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解全文意思 的基础，在阅读过程中根据选材、背景及上下文等线索推测出生词词义也是真实语言活动中 的一项重要技巧。 (1)通过定义、解释来推测词义 通常在文章的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号的方 式引出并加以解释说明。 高考示例 Throughout the history of the arts ， the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists．No matter what objects they select，artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before． 1．The underlined word“poetry’’most probably means … A .an object for artistic creation B. a collection of poems C. an unusual quality D .a natural scene 思路点拨：词义猜测题。由 where no one has ever seen or experienced it before 可知 poetry 在此是指一种不同寻常的品质。答案 C。 方法提炼：定语从句是对其所修饰的词的说明解释。同位语从句是对该词进行补充说明 的作用。 (2)通过对比关系来推测词义 此法又称为“反义法”，即利用反义词来说明生词的意义。如反义词 hot and cold；perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与 句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。能够体现这种关系的词很多，主要有表示转折关系的 but，while，on the one hand…on the other hand，for one thing…for another 和众多反义词。 高考示例 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display． 2．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A. Messy and untidy． B. Rich and expensive． C．Comfortable and calming． D．Foreign and unusual． 思路点拨：词义猜测题。由文章第三段第一句话中的“but”转折词，可知前后意思形成 对比，再根据“fascinating objects on display”可推断出来。答案 D。 方法提炼：but 是前后意义上的转折。 (3)通过因果关系推测词义 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推 知生词词义. 因果关系的语境，通常由 because，so that，so／such…that…等连词体现。 高考示例 I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big“ to do” over the younger one because she is the one who seems more easily hurt．We do it with the best of intentions． 3．The underlined expression make a big“ to do” over means… A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C．1istjobs to be done for D．do good things for 思路点拨：由“我”的较大的孩子对客人的评价的反应可以知道，我们成年人往往更多 地关注较小的孩子因为她更容易受到伤害，而没有意识到这种关注可能会伤害较大孩子的感 情。在句中的 make a big“to do”over the younger one 应该表示“更关注更小的孩子”。 答 案 A。 方法提炼：表示因果关系的 because 为上文提供了关键信息。 (4)通过同类关系来推测词义 同类部分可以是当作同位语的词、短语或从句等。同类关系常由 such as，like，for example， for instance 等连词列举同类词汇来体现。 高考示例 The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners——a positive experience--their tails wagged energetically to the right side．When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right，but with somewhat less enthusiasm．The appearance of a cat again caused a right—hand side wag，although with less intensity again． 4．The underlined word“intensity”in the passage means… A. surprise B. worry C．excitement D．interest 思路点拨：由文章第三段信息可知，当主人来了，狗尾巴向右摆兴奋，激动；当不熟悉 的人来了，也向右摆，但不那么热情；而当猫出现时，尾巴也向右摆，但 with less intensity again， 可知，less intensity 应为不够热情，不兴奋，不激动。答案 C。 方法提炼：对于生词，上下文也许对它已有说明。 (5)根据生活常识来猜测词义 猜测词义时需利用上下文语境，结合自身生活经验进行逻辑推理。 高考示例 Shopkeepers in Modbury，population 1 500，agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday．They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead． 5．The underlined word“disposable’’in the passage probably means… A acceptable 13．valuable C throw-away D．long-lasting 思路点拨：词义理解题。由文章第二段信息可知，Modbury 的店主都同意停止向顾客分 发一次性袋子。可知，划线单词 disposable 意为“一次性的，用完即扔的”，故选 throw-away。 答案 C。 方法提炼：此题也可由生活常识得出答案。 (6)利用文义及逻辑关系来推测词义 利用文义及逻辑关系推测词义时，关键应在理清生词前后文义的基础上着重分析前后文 的逻辑关系，是递进、转折，还是并列。 高考示例 Born in Chicago in 1902，brought up and schooled in Nebraska，the 1 9-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education． 6．The words“hooked on teaching”underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean—————————一． A. attracted to teaching B．tired of teaching C．satisfied with teaching D．unhappy about teaching 思路点拨：由后文“changed his major from medicine to education'’可知 Tyler 对教学产生 了兴趣。答案 A。 方法提炼：分析句子成分，became and changed 是并列谓语，while．．．是第一分句的时 间状语。 (7)利用构词法知识推测词义 利用构词法知识猜测词义，关键应在理解词根的基础上掌握前后缀规律，如 un-，im-， in-，dis-等前缀和一 less 等后缀可以构成反义词，后缀一 ess 可以转换性别等，遇到合 成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文把握两词之间的关系，从而准确猜出其词义。 高考示例 The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time．It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places． 7．The underlined phrase“out-of-the-way”in Paragraph4 means… A. far-away B. dangerous C．ancient D．secret 思路点拨：全文讲到灯塔处于一个孤零零的地方，即荒岛上，所以 out-of-the-way 为“遥 远的地方”。B 项 dangerous 危险的，意为灯塔对其他人有危险，这是错误的理解。答案 A。 方法提炼：使用此种方法猜测词义时，须联系上下文灵活处理。 (8)利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义 利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合 原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。 高考示例 However obvious these facts may appear at first glance，they are actually not SO obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject． 8．In Paragraph 3，“take special pains”probably means… A. try very hard B. take our time C .are very unhappy D. feel especially painful 思路点拨：从上文中的“they are actually not so obvious as they seem”及文中的 except 可知，take special pains 与该句语意应相反，据此可得出答案 A 正确。答案 A。 方法提炼：其实 take pains to do sth．已不是生词，意为“费力去做某事”。 考能提升训练 1 Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day． I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job． Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up． If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he said． What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion. 1．The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits ______. A．promised to obey the store rules B．forgot to take any money with him C．hoped to have the food first and pay later D．could not afford anything more expensive 2．Which of the following best describes the old gentleman? A．kind and lucky B．poor and lonely C．friendly and helpful D．hurt and disappointed 3．The writer acted upon the store rules because ______. A．he wanted to keep his present job B．he felt no pity for the old gentleman C．he considered the old man dishonest D．he expected someone else to pay for the old man 4．What does the writer learn from his experience? A．Wealth is more important than anything else. B．Helping others is easier said than done. C．Experience is better gained through practice. D．Obeying the rules means more than compassion. 2 Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability. There are four parts in the book: Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else. There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages. Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal ( 正 式 的 ) English in biography ( 传 记 ) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading. Part 3 is Places: In this part, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarD．There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint. Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer. You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text. I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it. 5．We can find the introduction to a product in . A．Part 1 B．Part 2 C．Part 3 D．Part 4 6．Which of the following is most probably written in informal English? A．A letter of complaint. B．A computer handbook. C．A letter to a frienD． D．A story of a president. 7．The passage is most probably written for . A．test designers B．students C．test-takers D．teachers 8．What is the best title of the book? A．Test Your Reading B．Help with Your Writing C．Learn Different Kinds of English D．Practise English in Different Ways 3 A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months. The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue. Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristbanD．The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response. Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy. In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible. The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the markets will bring the product to market within about a year. 9．According to the text, Driver Alert _____. A．aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B．has gone through testing at laboratories C．aims to prevent drivers from sleeping D．has been on sale for 12 months 10．How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert? A．By sounding a warning. B．By touching the wristbanD． C．By checking the driving time. D．By pressing the steering wheel. 11．We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is _____. A．about 400 milliseconds B．below 500 milliseconds C．over 500 milliseconds D．about 4 minutes 12．When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert _____. A．moves more regularly B．stops working properly C．opens the window for the driver D ． sounds more frequently and loudly 4 I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格) of directions every time 1 ask “How can I get to the post office?” Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑) in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.” In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.” People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know. It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, ‘Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite, They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan! 13. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________ A. describe the place carefully B. show him a map of the place C. tell him the names of the streets D. refer to recognizable buildings and places 14. What is the place where people measure distance in time? A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. Kansas. D. Iowa. 15. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________ A. in order to save time B. as a test C. so as to be polite D. for fun 16. What can we infer from the text? A. It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences. B. It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly. C. People have similar understandings of politeness. D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors. 5 Heroes of Our Time A good heart Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship（奖学金） to study medicine — but Coach (教练) John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.” Success and kindness After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children’s videos (录 象) in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others — producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.” Bravery and courage A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails (铁轨), and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.” 17. What was Mutombo praised for? A. Being a star in the NBA. B. Being a student of medicine. C. His work in the church. D. His willingness to help the needy. 18. Mulombo believes that building the new hospital is A. helpful to his personal development B. something he should do for his homeland C. a chance for his friends to share his money D. a way of showing his respect to the NBA 19. What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning? A. Produce safety equipment for children. B. Make videos to help protect children. C. Sell children’s music and artwork. D. Look for missing and exploited children. 20. Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero? A. He helped a man get across the rails. B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails. C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt. D. He saved a person without considering his own safety. 6 Tom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer (同龄人) group. The lack of right male (男性) role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment (环境) — means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against. They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture (文化) is all-powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child’s peers. You have to do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child. It’s pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems — somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children. 21. Why did Tom give up studying? A. He disliked his teachers. B. His parents no longer supported him. C. It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies. D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school. 22. What seems to have a bad effect on students like Tom? A. Peer groups. B. A special unit. C. The student judges. D. The home environment. 23. What should schools do to help the problem schoolboys? A. Wait for their change patiently. B. Train leaders of their peer groups. C. Stop the development of street culture. D. Give them lessons in a separate area. 24. A teacher’s work is most effective with a schoolboy when he . A. is with the boy alone B. teaches the boy a lesson C. sends the boy home as punishment D. works together with another teacher 7 Far from the land of Antarctica ( 南 极 洲 ), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod. For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer. Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point. The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of-1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture. The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子） held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP. 25. What is the text mainly about? A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic. B. A special fish living in freezing waters. C. The ice shelf around Antarctica. D. Protection of the Antarctic cod. 26. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature? A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88°C. B. it loves to live in the ice-salt mixture C. A special protein keeps it from freezing. D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05°C. 27. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. A type of ice-salt mixture. B. A newly found protein. C. Fish blood. D. Sugar molecule. 28. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean? A. sugar B. ice C. blood D. molecule 8 If your boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he’d better offer you more money to do so — or even double that depending on where you live now. That’s because Moscow has just been found to be the world’s most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting. Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment (娱乐). A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger (汉堡包) is a steal at $480. London takes the No. 2 place, up from No. 5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates (估算) London is 26 percent more expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive than New York, while No. 5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly. Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two listed in the top 50 of the world’s most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year’s study — New York came in 15th, down from 10th place, while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier. Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada’s most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide. 29. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. an act of stealing B. something delicious C. something very cheap D. an act of buying 30. London has become the second most expensive city because of _________ A. the high cost of clothing B. the stronger pound against the dollar C. its expensive transportation D. the high prices of fast food meals 31. Which city is the third most expensive on the list? A. Tokyo. B. Hong Kong. C. Moscow. D. Sydney. 32. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America? A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. San Francisco. D. Toronto. 9 Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn. According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree. When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn’s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorn’s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino( 犀 牛 ) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino. 33. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn? A. It was not historically recorded B. Its horn was first used in France C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx D. It could be the symbol of a university 34. To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____. A. tempting the unicorn to attack B. making use of the tree as a protection C. hiding quickly behind the unicorn D. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree 35. The last paragraph is mainly about ____. A. the properties of the unicorn horn B. the users of the unicorn horn C. the price of the unicorn horn D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn 36. In the last paragraph, the word “unicorn ” is in quotation marks (引号)because _____. A. the cup is designed only for a royal family B. the unicorn does not exist in reality C. the unicorn is the rarest animal in the world D. the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated 10 Opening week specials at Munchies Food Hall. At the corner of Green and Brown Streets in the city Monday 7th of January until Sunday.13rd of January 2008 Feast until you’re full! Come down to Monetizes time week to enjoy the special dishes on offer it all of our food outlets. Order from the following: ●Succulent chicken rice ●spicy stays beef ●Delicious noodle dishes ●plump park chips ●seafood specialties ●crunchy vegetables ●sweet tropical fruit Halal food is available at the stall Malay Mood Heaven Win Prizes and Gifts!  Spend ＄20.00 or more and win instant prizes from our lucky draw box.  Collect a free party balloon and whistle for each young diner.  Enjoy a free meal if you are the first customer of the day at any of our stalls.  Win a holiday to Western Australia. A free raffle ticket is given with every 10 ％ discount on all orders above ＄20.00 receipt. Just fill in your information and place your entry in the box provided. Winner to be announced in The strait Times on the 15th of January. Join in the Fun! Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm each evening until the 15th of January, your favorite Channel 3 television actors and singers will entertain you: ●May Lee ●Jackie Chen ●Kim Yap ●Kamal Autograph sessions will follow each performance! And who will be our extra special mystery star? Come down on Saturday at moon to find out. Opening week specials at Munchies Food Hall. At the corner of Green and Brown Streets in the city Monday 7th of January until Sunday.13rd of January 2008 Feast until you’re full! Come down to Monetizes time week to enjoy the special dishes on offer it all of our food outlets. Order from the following: ●Succulent chicken rice ●spicy stays beef ●Delicious noodle dishes ●plump park chips ●seafood specialties ●crunchy vegetables ●sweet tropical fruit Halal food is available at the stall Malay Mood Heaven Win Prizes and Gifts!  Spend ＄20.00 or more and win instant prizes from our lucky draw box.  Collect a free party balloon and whistle for each young diner.  Enjoy a free meal if you are the first customer of the day at any of our stalls.  Win a holiday to Western Australia. A free raffle ticket is given with every receipt. Just fill in your information and place your entry in the box provided. Winner to be announced in The strait Times on the 15th of January. Join in the Fun! Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm each evening until the 15th of January, your favorite Channel 3 television actors and singers will entertain you: ●May Lee ●Jackie Chen ●Kim Yap ●Kamal Autograph sessions will follow each performance! And who will be our extra special mystery star? Come down on Saturday at moon to find out. 37. Munchies Food Hall does NOT sell ____. A. lamb B. beef C. pork D. chicken 38. The prices at Munchies are ____. A. lower than usual B. bargain prices for the opening C. lower far two people D. lower of you spend ＄21.00 39. Everyone who eats at Munchies well receive a ____. A. free raffle ticket B. lucky draw coupon C. free meal D. balloon and whistle 40. I will find out who has won the top to Western Australia when I __. A. watch Channel 3 television B. come down to Munchies at moon C. read The Straits Times on the 5th of January D. attend the lucky draw at Munchies Food Hall 11 Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. Studying was a breeze for Nigel. The reward was certainly incomparable to the little effort that he had to put it. It begin when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories. The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected for the nationwide competition. Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets and making something out of them. Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding the robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition. Its well us auspices competitor. Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar anything else. Nigel decided to befriend Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing branches to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicia’s and it was able to become a ball with its arms, something Alicia had failed to do. On the day of the competition, he says Alicia. Everything dawned on her the minute she saw him among the competition. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her. The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigel’s try. The robot bird performed actions so unique and different that the specialist judgments were the same. Nigel was so personal with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never win the competition. 41. What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work? A. He was offered a part-time job B. He was honored with a scholarship C. He helped his teacher construct a robot D. He helped in the computer laboratories 42. Nigel’s original intention of joining the contest was to ___. A. be the top student of the school B. being great honor to his school C. constructs a robot with the Lego sets D. wins the thousand-dollar prize 43. Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot? A. He tried to make friends with her B. He was fond of building robots C. He intended to help her D. He didn’t want her to suspect him 44. What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions? A. He is mildly critical B. He is strongly critical C. He is in favor of them D. His attitude is not clear 12 Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature. In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights. 45. According to the writer, in the beginning, If rights were mainly of use to ______. A. those creating music, art and literature B. novelists C. engineers and inventors D. those not receiving financial reward for their work 46. What do we know about the internet according to the passage? A. It makes IP rights harder to protect. B. It sells songs and films. C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. D. It prevents the production of artwork. 47. According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”? A. Intellectual property rights. B. The Internet. C. Free downloading. D. The large number of songs, films and books. 48. A possible title for this passage could be ______. A. A History of IP Rights B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights. C. The Present and the Future Of IP D. IP Rights and Our Attitudes 13 Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days of more. And this stands to reason, if you’re paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! Strain order for tourism to reach its full potential there’s going to be a need for orbital accommodation---or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel------private rooms, meals, bars. But they’ll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views----of Earth and space---and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity---including sports and other activities that make use of this. The hotels themselves will vary greatly----from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structure at a later date. It’s actually surprising that as later as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them haven’t expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible. Lots of people who’ve been to space have described vividly what it’s like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sort of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you don’t need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so you’ll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below. Of course all good things have come to an end. Unfortunately, And so after a few days you’ll find yourself heading back enough you’ll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. You’ll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again---or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel. 49. When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because _______. A. It is expensive to travel in space B. they would find the possible life in other star systems C. they could enjoy the luxury of space hotels D. they want to realise the full potential of tourism 50. Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer? A. The gravitational pull B. The special views. C. The relaxation in a bar. D. The space walk. 51. Which of the following is not discussed in the passage? A. When was the space traveling made possible? B. What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer? C. Why were there not many published designs for space hotels? D. How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels? 52. This passage is mainly about ________. A. traveling in space B. the ways of living in space hotels C. zero gravity and space hotels D. the description of space hotels 参考答案 1-5 CBABD 6-10 CBAAD 11-15 CDDBC 16-20 ADBCD 21-25 CADAB 26-30 CBACB 31-35 ADDCA 36-40 BADAC 41-45 DCDAC 46-50 ACDAB 51-52 AD 倒装测试卷(附参考答案) 总分 50 分 时间 30 分钟 姓名 ： 一、 单选 （2*10）） 1. Were I to do it, I ______it some other way. A will do B would do C would have done D were to do 2. I ______him the answer ______possible, but I was so busy then. A could tell, if it had been B must have told, were it C should have told; had it been D should have told, should it be 3. You didn’t take his advice, _____his advice, you ______such a mistake. A Had you taken, wouldn’t have made B If you had taken, would make C were you to take, shouldn’t have made D Have you taken, won’t have made 4. Not until he left the home ______to know how important the family was for him. A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun 5. We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______about how they work. A we think B think we C we do think D do we think 6. –Is everyone here? -Not yet…look, there _______the rest of our guests. A come B comes C is coming D are coming 7. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______, one of the ten largest citiest in China. A lies Chongqing B Chongqing lies C does lie Chongqing D does Chongqing lie 8. Little ______about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A did Rose care B Rose did care C Rose does care D does Rose care 9. So sudden _______that the enemy had no time to escape. A did the attack B the attack did C was the attack D the attack was 10. Bill wasn’t happy abot the delay of the report by Jason and ________. A I was neither B neither was I C I was neither D either was I 二、 完成句子（2*15） 1．Not until people know more about the situation ________(他们才会加入)protecting the environment. (join) 2．Hardly _________(我一到达山顶) when it began to rain. 3．Not until all the fish died in the river _________(村民才意识到) how serious the pollution was. (realize) 4．I didn’t know about that, _________(我也不想知道). (nor) 5. So ________(她的生意很成功) that Maric was able to set up more branches elsewhere. (successful) 6．No sooner _______(我们坐下) than we found it was time to go. (sit) 7．By no means ________(她会同意) move to a new place far away from the workplace. 8_________(只有那时他才意识到) that he had made a serious mistake. (only) 9．Only in this way ________(我们才能保持。。。的均衡增长) of the economy. （balance） 10.At no circumstance ________(中国允许) Taiwan to break away from the mainland. (follow) 11. In the dark forests ________________(有许多湖泊), some large enough to hold several English towns. (lie) 12. At no time__________(允许抽烟) in the meeting room. (allow) 13. From the distance __________(来了一个士兵) who was riding a horse. (come) 14. Not only _________(这项发明被重视) but the invertor was also spoken highly of at the conference. (attach) 15. _________(尽管她很虚弱), she managed to finish her wo 2013 届英语高考复习语法讲义----定语从句专题 ．教学重点与教学策略 鉴于定语从句在高考当中的重要性和学生中存在的问题，本专题的教学重点内容应该包括以下几个方面： 1. 区分关系代词和关系副词。 2. “介词+关系词”引导定语从句 3. whose 的用法 4. 关系代词 that 和 which 的比较 5. 关系代词 as 的用法 6. 关系副词 where 的用法 7. 区分定语从句和其他句式 8. 特殊先行词 way 和 time 后的关系词 教学基本策略：以定语从句的基本概念为导入，重点是分考点讲解的基础上给学生练习，同时注重学生自 己的总结和理解。 ．专题教学主要内容 I．定语从句的基本结构：名词（先行词） + 关系词 + 句子 （定语从句） 关系词通常有下列三个作用： 引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 指人：who, whom, that 关系代词（主语，宾语，表语，定语） 指物：which, that 关系词 某人的/某物的：whose 人或物：as 关系副词（状语）：when, where, why，that 找出下列从句中的先行词以及它们在从句中做的成分。 1. The boy who is standing there is my cousin. 2. The boy (whom) you met yesterday is Tom. 3. The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 4. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 5. Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 6. Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest as everyone likes to visit. 7. Many people worry about the year 2012, when they think the earth will be destroyed. 8. I prefer a class where students work as a team. 9. Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 10. He has two strategies, neither of which seems to work very well. II．定语从句常见考点整理 考点一：关系代词和关系副词的区分 解题策略： 1）看懂句意，分析句子结构，确定定语从句部分和先行词部分（看先行词是人还是物，这样可排除错误 选项）； 2）确定从句时限制性还是非限制性定语从句（that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词都可以）； 3）分析从句并根据从句句义确定从句中所缺的成分，选出适合的关系代词补全从句； 4）还原从句，把先行词放入定语从句中，确定从句结构及意义完整。 例：According to the research, shoppers, ________ purchased so much clothing, met the most problems. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 解析：先行词是 shoppers,与从句的关系是 shoppers purchased so much clothing ,在从句中作主语，答案为 C。 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 解析：定语从句 it will keep for two or three weeks 和先行词 the refrigerator 之间的关系应该是 it will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator。答案为 C。 考点二：1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 介词后面的关系代词只能用 which（指代物）或 whom（指代人）。 ⑴ 如何确定“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词 方法一：根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。 This is the dictionary on which I spent 50 yuan. (spend…on) This is the dictionary for which I paid 50 yuan. (pay for) 方法二：根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。 I remember the day on which I joined the League.(on the day) I remember the years in which I stayed in the mountain village. (in the years) 方法三：根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。 The gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. The gas in which fire can burn much better is called oxygen. （4)“介词＋关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词，有时数词 或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. ＝He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. （5)介词＋which / whom＋to do 结构 I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress. ＝I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress. （6)在非限制性定语从句中，which 可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which ＋ 名词”结构，相当于 and in/at/during this/that＋名词。 He was very ill, in which case(＝and in this case)we sent him to hospital first. She lost her temper, at which point(＝and at this point) I decided to go back home. Mike was a student at the university from 1998 to 2004, during which time(＝and during that time) he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students' Union. 考点三：whose 的用法 1.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语 Ancient Rome is a country whose culture influenced the western world for centuries. He has a friend, whose father is a doctor. 2.whose 和 of which/ of whom 相等吗？ The classroom whose door (the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired. 注意：定语从句的主语是以下词语用 of which/ whom: Some, many, few, little, much, most/ all ,both, neither, each, none/ 数量的词语 Here are many books, two of which/ of which two he borrowed. I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which / of which neither he likes 考点四：关系代词 which 和 that 的区别： 1.注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句： ①先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. ②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film I’ve ever seen. ③先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some 等修饰。 I have read all the books(that)you gave me. ④先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时 He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to . ⑤先行词既有人又有物时 They talked of things and persons that they remembered. ⑥当句中已有 which 或 who 时，为避免重复 Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the man that is talking to John? ⑦当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. ⑧如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用，则另一个用 that. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ⑨主句是 there be 句型，修饰主语的定语从句用 that There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 2. 只能用 which 的情况： 1 非限制性定语从句 There are many factories in Yaohai District, which produce a lot of pollution. 2 介词+which This is the house in which Shakespeare once lived. 3 先行词本身就是 that 时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 4 指代句子内容时 He broke my cup, which made me angry. （注意：以上比较是在 which 和 that 之间的选择，不要误以为所有的关系词中非限制性定语从句只能用 which。） 考点五：关系代词 who 和 that 的比较 都可以指代人，但是以下情况只能用 who: 1 先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those ,all nobody ,anybody none 等时. People all like those who have good manners. 2 在 there be 句型中 There are some people who want to have holidays abroad. 考点六：as 引导的定语从句： ①such……as; so……as; the same……as I like the same book as you do.(as 作宾语） I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as 作状语） I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as 作宾语）； ②as 引导非限定性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以 放在主句之前。例如： As we all know,he studies very hard.（as 代表整个句子，作宾语） As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as 代表整个句子，作主语） 常用的类似插入语的句式有 as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as is known to all, as is expected, as it often happens, as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper 等。 5 关系代词 which 和 as 在定语从句中的区别是： （ 1 ） as 有“正如；就像”之意，而 which 没有； （ 2 ） as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末； （ 3 ）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。 例如：He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected). 考点七：与强调句型及其他句型的混合 1).The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 2).It is the playground _____ I picked up this wallet. A.which B.that C.from there D. where 3).It is on the playground _____ I picked up this wallet. A.which B.that C.from there D. where 答案： C D B 考点八：对关系副词 where 的特殊考查 1.当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point，process，condition，position 等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语， 也要用关系副词 where。 1).They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 2).I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where （D） 2.where 在其他从句中的考查： That is where you are mistaken. You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. 注意：这里的 where 不能换成 in which。 1）.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing. 2).I can think of many cases _____ you know nothing about. 3).Put the book ______ it was. 4).We will see a case ________ music could cure people. 5）There is one point ________ we must clear at the conference tomorrow. 答案：1)where/ in which 2)which/ that/不填 3)where 4)where / in which 5) that/ which/不填 1. from where 为介词+关系副词结构，也可以引导定语从句。 1)He was blown off course and found himself in an known land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. 2)He stood near the window, from where he could see the whole garden. 考点九：其他词语对先行词的干扰 1).She will never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (2009 年四川) A. where B. which C. when D. who 解析：本题特别容易误选 A。此题的先行词是 her stay 而不是 there，因为定语从句修饰名词而 there 是副 词。先行词和定语从句的关系为 she found her lost son during her stay there.故答案为 C。 2).I met Mr. Tompson during his stay in Beijing, __________ he attended an important international conference there. A． when B. where C. in which D. which 解析：定语从句部分已经有地点 there=in Beijing.故先行词应为 his stay.答案为 A。 考点十：定语从句与并列结构 He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him. 第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词 whom 指代 two sons,在定语从名中介词 of 的宾语。 第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词 and 连接，人称代词 them 指代 two sons。 练习: 1) Sean got the first place, ___________ made his parents happy. 2) Sean got the first place, and _____________ made his parents happy. A. so B. which C. as D. this 答案： B D 考点十一：区分两种固定句式 1).Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves her. 2).Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves. such/so…as(定语从句)；such/so…that…（状语从句）如此……以至于…… 练习：This is such an easy question ______ I can answer. This is such an easy question _______ I can answer it. 答案：as; that 3)This is the same book as he lent me last week.这和他上星期借给我的书一样。 4)This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。 the same…as…表示相似的东西，the same…that…表示同一人或物。 考点十二：way 和 time 后接定语从句 1） 当先行词是 way 且在定语从句中表示“用……方式，方法”时，关系词有三种形式： What surprised me was the way in which/ that/ 不填 he said it. 试比较：The way _________he explained to us was quite simple. （which/ that/ 不填） The way _________he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. (in which/ that/ 不填) 2）先行词是 time 时，若 time 作“次数”讲，应用关系词 that 并且可以省略；time 若为“一段时间”“时 代”讲，应用关系词 when 或介词 at/during+which。 This is the second time （that） the president has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times （that ）I have failed. There was a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 练习： 1）.I don’t like the way ______ you laugh at her. 2）.This is the second time _______ I have been there. 3）.Can you still remember the time ________ we spent together in our childhood. 答案：1. in which/that/不填 2. that/不填 3. that/不填 ．精讲例题 1.I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago. A. which B. when C. where D. who 2.He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 3.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 4.Tsinghua University is a first class university, _____ lots of people are eager to study. A. which B. where C. when D. why 5.Taiwan is part of China, _______ is known to all the world. A. what B. as C. that D. such 6.Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen? A. which B. that C. what D. whose 7.The old farmer has one son and two daughters, ______ are kind to him,______ makes him sad. A. neither of them; which B. all of whom; which C. none of them; it D. none of whom; which 8.Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 9.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 11. Frank’s dream is to have his own garden _____ many beautiful flowers. A. in it to produce B. which produce C. it produces D. in which to produce 12. Gun control is a subject _______ Americans have argued for a long time. A, of which B. with which C. about which D. above which 13. There are species living in the depths of the oceans ______ we still know little. A. for which B. in which C. of what D. of which 14. Many people tend to buy things from big store, _______ they believe the qualities are good. A. at which B. of which C. which D. where 15. Have you seen the book _______ is yellow? A. whose the cover B. of which cover C. the cover of which D.its cover 16. The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, one of ________ problems is poor study habit. A. whose B. his C. whom D. which 17. It is the same in China---- many people, _______ some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. who 18. True friendship is like sound health, _____ value is seldom known until it is lost. A. whose B. of which C. as D. which 19.Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way ____ makes sense to us. A. in which B. of which C. / D. that 20.He flew to Paris two hours ago, _______ he would stay for three days. A. there B. which C. when D. where 答案：DACBBDDADA DCDBC ABADD 七．反馈试卷 1.（2012 浙江卷）9. We live in an age_____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 2.（2012 山东卷）23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. www.zxxk.com A. them B. that C. which D. what 3.（2012 福建卷）23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 4.（2012 江苏卷）22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 5.（2012 安徽卷）29. Ａlot of language learning, _______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This 6.(2012 四川卷)13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 7.（2012 陕西卷）14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 8.（2012 北京）26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. www.zxxk.com A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.（2012 全国 II）8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 10.(2011 全国卷 I) 31. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 11.（2011 全国卷 II）7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 12.（2011 北京卷）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 13.(2011 上海卷) 39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 14.（2011 山东卷）32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 15.（2011 江西卷）34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 16.（2011 江苏卷）24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 17.（2011 安徽卷）28. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 18.（2011 浙江卷）8. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 19.（2011 浙江卷）10. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there 20. （ 2011 福 建 卷 ） 24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 21.（2011 四川卷）17. The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 22.（2011 天津卷）10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 23.（2011 陕西卷）11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 24.(2011 湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 25. （2010 福建 24） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 26. （2010 湖南 28）I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 27.（2010 江西 31） The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what 28. （2010 山东 24）That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 29. （2010 山东 38）Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 30.（2010 天津 8）Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barber’s ________ I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 31．（2010 四川 10）After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision． A．that B．which C．when D．where 32.（2010 全国Ⅰ24） As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 33. （2010 江苏 32）The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 34. （2010 陕西 11）The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose 35. （2010 全国Ⅱ16）I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 36．（2010 浙江 3）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those 37.(2009 山东 24)Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 38.(2009 宁夏海南 28)She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 39.(2009 江苏 23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 40.20(09 天津 5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 41.(2009 陕西 11)Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 42.(2009 上海 34)Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 43.(2009 江西 26)The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 44.(2009 四川 20)She’ll never forget her stay there _____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 45.(2009 辽宁 23)They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 46.20(09 福建 24)It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 47.(2009 浙江 14)I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 48.(2009 重庆 34)Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 49.(2009 湖南 26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 50.(2009 全国Ⅱ17)My friend showed me round the town, _________ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 51.We went to the West Lake yesterday, ___, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world． A．where B．which C．that D．when 52. This article may shock some sensitive readers, _____I offer my apologies in advance. A. from whom B. for whom C. to whom D. towards whom 53． Britain’s Prince William and Kate Middleton will marry next year in Westminster Abbey, _______ Princess Diana’s funeral was held． A．when B．which C．where D．as 54． ____ David showed the report to the public surprised me． A．What B．That C．Which D．Who 55． This is not the only example of a plane crash ____ everyone but a child died． A．which B．where C．why D．when 56．The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers _____ are currently employed in Guangdong Province.. A．where B．whose C．whichD．who 57. In Australia, surfing is a popular sport among young people ____ they can seek excitement and adventure. A．that B．whichC．where D．how 58. In the end, it was Becky ____ he turned for a gentle word and a smile. A． on whom B． in whom C. to whom D． for whom 59. We hope the measures to control house prices,____ are taken by the government, will succeed. A．whichB．that C．what D．as 60. They've won their last three matches, ______ I find a bit surprising actually. A．that B．when C．what D．which 答案： 1---5 BCCBA 6---10 CCBBC 11---15 DBADC 16---20 ACACA 21---25 DABCB 26---30 AACCC 31---35BADDB 36---40ABCBC 41---45CABCD 46---50 DBDDA 51---55BCCBB 56---60DCCAD 专项练习之独立主格结构(附参考答案) 练习一 1. The thief stood before the policeman，_______ admitting what he had done． A. with his dropping head B. dropped his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 2. _______，he can't go out for a walk as usual． A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _______． A. closed；open B. closed；opened C. closing；open D. closing；opening 4. All things _______，the plan trip will have to be called off． A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considering 5. _______, we have to get down to business right away． A. As there was no time left B. There is no time left C. There being no time left D. There to be no time left 6. _______ yesterday，we went out for a walk． A. As a fine day B. It was a fine day C. It being a fine day D. For it was a fine day 7. The old man stood there, _______． A. with back against the wall B. with his back against the wall C. and back against wall D. his back was against the wall 8. All flights _______ because of the snow-storm，many passengers could do nothing but take the train． A. were canceled B. having been canceled C. had been canceled D. have been canceled 9. _______ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There is 10. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 11. _______, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 12. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 13. _______, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 14. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 15. _______, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 16. _______, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 17. I used to sleep with the window _______. A. opened B. open C. opening D. to open 18. _______, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 19. He stood there silently, his lips _______ . A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembled 20. _______, we will surely succeed. A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping 练习二：高考试题精选 1. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. ( 上海 02 春季) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 2. _______ the production up by 60 %, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000) A. As B. For C. With D. Through 3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back. (MET91, 22) A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 4. The meeting _______ over, we all left the room and drove home. (上海 87) A. is B. to be C. being D. would be 5. _______, they will go and visit the zoo.(上海 86 ) A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permitted D. Weather having permitted 6. _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004 北京卷，33) A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.(2005 年北京卷 34) A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 8. I send you 100 dollars, the rest _______ in a year.（2005 湖南卷 34） A. follow B. followed。 C. to follow D. being followed 9. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor's help to end her life. (2005/江西/29) A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure 10. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 11. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 练习三：复习巩固 1. _______, we went home in a hurry. A. The meeting was over B. As the meeting being over C. Being over D. The meeting over 2. The square looks far more beautiful _______ . A. with all the lights turning on B. all the lights turning on C. turning on all the lights D. with all the lights turned on 3. _______,I had to do her work instead. A. Being ill B. Her being ill C. She being ill D. She was ill 4. _______, she went to bed with great satisfaction. A. After all done B. All done C. All had been done D. Doing all 5. He sat listening to the teacher, _______. A. opened his mouth B. and opening his mouth C. with his mouth open D. his mouth was opened 6. _______, he would most probably be late. A. Without anybody to call him B. Anybody to call him C. Nobody called him D. With him to call 7. _______, they made for the classroom in a hurry. A. With only three minutes to go B. There were only three minutes left C. As only three minutes to go D. Only three minutes were left 8. _______, we are all sure of its success. A. With he taking charge of the work B. With he’s taking charge on the work C. His taking charge of the work D. With him taking charge of the work 9. A little boy, _______, ran into the room. A. with two of his front teeth missed B. two of his front teeth were missing C. with two of his front teeth missing D. missed two of his front teeth 10. _______ that he could speak English very well, they all came to practise English with him. A. He being known B. It was known C. He was known D. It being known 11. He walked _______. A. with his head held high B. held his head high C. his head holding high D. with his head to hold high 12. She came here this morning, _______. A. her boy friend to join her next month B. her boy friend would join her next month C. and her boy friend joining her next month D. with her boy friend joined her next month 13. This book is well written, _______ . A. with special attention paid to written English B. with special attention paying to written English C. special attention is paid to written English D. paid special attention to written English 14. _______, she went out to get something to eat A. Being no food left B. There being no food left C. There was no food left D. No food was left 15. _______,the trees turned green. A. As spring coming on B. Spring came on C. Spring coming on D. With spring come on 16. _______, the sun shone again. A. The dark clouds having disappeared B. Having disappeared the dark clouds C. The dark clouds to disappear D. With the dark clouds disappeared 17. _______, he handed it to the teacher. A. The composition writing B. Having been written C. The composition written D. After the composition wrote 18. _______, the meeting was over. A. Nobody had any more to say B. Nobody having any more to say C. Because of nobody had any more to say D. Having no more to say 19. _______ time going on , Einstein’s theory proved _______ . A. As; correct B. With; corrected C. With; correct D. As; being correct 20. The boy_______ the way, we had no difficulty in finding the house. A. leading B. led C. having been led D. being led 21. The boy stood before the roasted duck, his eyes _______ on it and his mouth _______. A. were fixed, was watered B. fixed, watering C. fixed, watered D. were fixing, was watering 22. Everything_______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 23. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _______ one major point in contrast with the other. A. makes B. made C. is to make D. making 24. People attend the meeting, _______ women. A. all of them B. all of whom C. all of them were D. whom all were 25. _______, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket. A. Her wallet stolen B. Her wallet stealing C. Her wallet was stolen D. With her wallet stole 26. David is sleeping on the grass with his jacket _______ his stomach. A. covered B. to cover C. cover D. covering 27. I saw a lot of children playing in the garden, most of them_______ boys. A. being B. are C. were D. having been 28. The building over there is a library, _______ standing our lab. A. on the east of which B. east of it C. on the east of that D. east of which 29. _______ the days went on, the weather got worse. A. Since B. With C. As D. While 30. The boy fell to the ground from the tree, his eyes _______ and his hands _______. A. closing; trembled B. closed; trembled C. closing; trembling D. closed; trembling 31. _______ Sunday, the library is closed. A. Being B. It being C. There being D. It is 32. ---- Why do you look so sad ? ---- With so many problems _______, I am in a difficult situation. A. settled B. remained to settle C. settling D. remaining to be settled 33. _______, they began their performances. A. After we took our seats B. Being taken our seats C. Having taken our seats D. Taking our seats 34. The old man has three sons, none of _______ living with him. A. who B. whom C. them D. three 35. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, _______. A. her long hair was flowing in the breeze B. her long hair flow in the breeze C. her long hair flowing in the breeze D. her long hair flowed in the breeze 36. I carefully poured the liquid into the water, my classmates _______ anxiously beside me to see what would happen. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 37. Tom sat there, face _______ in his hands, and wept. A. was buried B. being buried C. burying D. buried 练习一 1-5 D A B B C 6-10 C B B B C 11-15 C A C D B 16-20 B B C A B 练习二 1-5 C C D C A 6-10 A A C B B 11 B 练习三 1-5 D D C B C 6-10 A A D C D 11-15 A A A B C 16-20 A C B C A 21-25 B B D A A 26-30 D A B C B 31-35 B D A C C 36-37 B D