【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词语态考点学案（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词语态考点学案（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习动词语态考点学案 被动语态的基本用法 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has_been_told/was_told_(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考改编) In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones_hadn't_been_invented (not, invent) yet.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I was_allowed (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 被动语态的用法如下：‎ ‎1．不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。‎ Computers are widely used in transport.‎ 计算机被广泛运用于交通领域。‎ ‎2．强调动作的承受者时。‎ A third ring will be built around this city.‎ 这座城市将建一条三环路。‎ ‎3．出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。‎ Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.‎ 关于这件事，说的太多，做得太少。‎ ‎4．出于修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称。‎ The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.‎ 这项计划受到那些希望有更多机会说英语的人的支持。‎ ‎5．科技文献、新闻报道中常使用被动语态。‎ The first Pi Day was celebrated on March 14,1988.‎ 第一个圆周率日是在1988年3月14日庆祝的。‎ ‎6．用于一些固定句式中。‎ It is hoped that ...　　　　希望……‎ It is supposed that ... 据推测说……‎ It is known that ... 据说……‎ It is believed that ... 有人相信……‎ It is thought that ... 人们认为……‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略。‎ The boss made him work overtime.‎ ‎→He was made to work overtime.‎ 老板让他加班。‎ ‎2．“get＋过去分词”也可构成被动语态，“get＋married/beaten/broken/damaged/‎ repaired/dressed”等构成的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身。‎ John and Jane got married last month.‎ 约翰和简上个月结婚了。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·江西九江十校联考)When they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must_be_paid_(pay)．‎ ‎2．(2018·黑龙江绥化三校联考)Nowadays, cellphones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions are_being_added (add)．‎ ‎3．(2018·成都七中月考)So far, large quantities of information have_been_sent (send) to the company by email, which has a great effect on improving the quality of its products.‎ ‎4．(2018·湖北襄阳调研)Whistling by listeners_is_regarded (regard) as a sign of approval in some countries.‎ ‎5．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模) On one occasion, he was_trapped (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.‎ 主动形式表示被动意义 ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动形式表示被动含义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。‎ The building looks very beautiful.‎ 这座建筑看上去很美。‎ ‎2．当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性、特征或所处状态时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ The door won't shut.‎ 这门关不上。‎ ‎3．某些“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。‎ The book is difficult to understand.‎ 这本书很难读懂。‎ ‎4．不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ I want something to drink.‎ 我想喝点东西。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．在be worth doing, need/want/require doing(to be done)结构中，其后的动词是以主动的形式表示被动意义。‎ The tree wants watering.‎ 这棵树需要浇水了。‎ ‎2．若不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，则不定式就需要用被动式。‎ Do you have a letter to be sent?‎ 你有信要我去帮你寄吗？‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．The cloth washes (wash) easily. ‎ ‎2．My watch doesn't work; it needs repairing/to_be_repaired (repair). ‎ ‎3．This kind of wool shirt feels (feel) soft and sells (sell) well. ‎ ‎4．The question is difficult to_answer (answer). ‎ ‎5．The flower smells (smell) sweet. ‎ ‎6．Great changes have_taken (take) place in China since the opening to outside world. ‎ 动词的时态和语态在语法填空题中通常以有提示词的形式进行考查，通常括号中给出动词原形，让考生填写适当的动词时态和语态。‎ ‎1．考查现在时的用法 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ 解析：are removed　由is missing可知此处也应用一般现在时；又fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。‎ ‎②(2015·天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides. ‎ 解析：has been reached　由时间状语“so far”可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语agreement与reach之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎③(2015·北京高考改编)In the last few years, China________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.‎ 解析：has made　根据时间状语“In the last few years”可知用现在完成时。‎ ‎2．考查过去时的用法 ‎ ‎① (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. ‎ 解析：managed　因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。‎ ‎②(2016·6月浙江高考改编)Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. ‎ 解析：had become　根据句中的时间状语“by about 100 BC”可知become动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎3．考查将来时的用法 ‎ ‎①(2015·湖南高考改编)As you go through this book, you ________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. ‎ 解析：will find　本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来，故主句需用一般将来时。‎ ‎②(2014·北京高考改编)—What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.‎ 解析：will check　根据句意可知答话者此刻也不知道几点，因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。‎ ‎4．考查被动语态的用法 ‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ‎ 解析：were used　Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。‎ ‎②(2016·北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end. ‎ 解析：will be rewarded　根据语境可知设空处需用一般将来时；their efforts与reward之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎1．上下文中时态不一致 ‎ 示例 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.答案：goes→went ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.答案：had→have 点拨 若上下文叙述的是同一件事情，则时态应具有一致性。‎ ‎①若上下文是一般过去时，则同样用一般过去时；‎ ‎②若上下文是一般现在时，则同样用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．语态错用 示例 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. 答案：took→taken ‎②(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 答案：drank→drunk 点拨 被动语态构成错误，其构成形式应为“be＋过去分词”。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．用好一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时。 ‎ 我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。‎ I hope that he has/will have a happy birthday.‎ ‎2．正确使用现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成时。 ‎ 过去几年中国发展得很快。‎ China has developed rapidly in the past few years.‎ ‎3．掌握好与进行时相关的四种时态。‎ ‎①我没有听懂我们的老师说的什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。‎ I didn't catch what our teacher said, because I was thinking about something else.‎ ‎②你不必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。 ‎ You needn't buy that expensive cellphone. As technology is developing very rapidly, even the newest model will be out of date soon. ‎ ‎4．利用“主将从现”的规律，确保使用正确时态。‎ 只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。‎ I will tell you the truth as long as you keep it to yourself. ‎ ‎5．含有by引导的时间状语的句子的时态规律。‎ ‎①到上周末为止，我们已经栽了数百棵树。‎ We had planted hundreds of trees by the end of last week.‎ ‎②到目前为止，他们还没有找到令人满意的解决办法。‎ They haven't found a satisfactory solution by now.‎ ‎6．正确使用被动语态的各种时态形式。 ‎ ‎①我们的教室每天都打扫。这些花每天都浇水。‎ Our classroom is cleaned every day. These flowers are watered every day. ‎ ‎②去年建的那座桥在这次洪水中坍塌了，有10人在这次事故中死亡。‎ The bridge which was built last year collapsed in the flood and ten people were killed in the accident.‎ ‎7．注意不用被动语态的几种情况。 ‎ ‎①我们的学校近两年发生了巨大的变化。‎ Great changes have taken place in our school in the past two years. ‎ ‎②这本书在我们省很好卖，现在已经卖出数千本了。‎ This book sells well in our province, and thousands of copies have been sold out now. ‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里待了一个月。(cousin, go back home, stay)‎ My_cousin_has_gone_back_home._He_went_home_last_week._He_has_been_away_for_a_week._He_stayed_here_for_a_month.‎ ‎②上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visit Qingdao)‎ He_didn't_visit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_there_before.‎ ‎③既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？(how can, when, always, play video games)‎ How_can_you_catch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?‎ ‎④明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我迫不及待地想见到你。(talk together happily, can't wait to)‎ We'll_be_talking_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_can't_wait_to_see_you.‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·青岛一模)The men said they had_heard (hear) a tiger growling (虎啸) somewhere nearby, but they didn't know from which direction the noise had come.‎ ‎2．(2018·合肥八中第一次段考)He had wild black hair flecked with gray and was_wearing (wear) a pink shirt and silk slippers.‎ ‎3．(2018·福州十三中期中考试)Then he hid (hide) behind a tree and waited.‎ ‎4．(2018·山东临沭一中高三月考)At my school, “dress down” tickets are_sold (sell) on school days.‎ ‎5．I noticed a man sitting at the front. He was_pretending (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.‎ ‎6．(2018·广西梧州、崇左高三一模)She also believes (believe) in healthy diet. And she requires us to have regular meals.‎ ‎7．(2018·淄博高三摸底)We jumped out of the windows as he came in through the door and went (go) into the kitchen to take some food for the first time.‎ ‎8．(2018·洛阳第一次统考)I immediately responded with a smile and my heart felt free of the stress that I was_carrying/had_been_carrying (carry)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.using→used ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.thought→think ‎3．(2018·江西八所重点中学盟校联考)The food was tasted good and we had fun together.去掉was ‎4．(2018·青岛自主诊断)Mother promised she will buy me a bike.will→would ‎5．(2018·山师大附中模拟)The new secretary will supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.will→is ‎6．(2018·东北三校联考)In the past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities.had→has Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎1．即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(change our plan, even if)‎ We_won't_change_our_plan_even_if_it_rains_tomorrow._‎ ‎2．捉到这个被通缉的人或者提供有价值线索的人将得到一大笔钱。(anyone who, the wanted man, provide useful information, award, a large sum of money)‎ Anyone_who_catches_the_wanted_man_or_provides_useful_information_will_be_awarded_with_a_large_sum_of_money.‎ ‎3．在你找到那个包之后，请把它寄给我。(send ...back to, have found)‎ Please_send_the_bag_back_to_me_after_you_have_found_it._‎ ‎4．据报道，这个城市附近将建立一个大的化工厂，许多市民强烈反对。(it is reported that, a large chemical factory, citizens, be opposed to)‎ It_is_reported_that_a_large_chemical_factory_will_be_built_near_the_city_and_that_many_citizens_are_opposed_to_it._‎ ‎5．我们老师说，任何人都将受到惩罚，除非他不违反学校纪律。(anyone, punish, unless, break the regulations)‎ Our_teacher_said_anyone_would_be_punished_unless_he_or_she_didn't_break_the_regulations_of_our_school._‎