2020届二轮复习情态动词课件（44张）

2020届二轮复习情态动词课件（44张）

2020 届二轮复习情态动词 考点归纳 will, would 1) 用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在， would 指过去。 e.g. I will never do that again. They said that they would help us. 2) 表示“请求；建议”。用 would 比 will 委婉、客气些。 e.g. Will you please take a message for him? Would you please pass him the book ？ 1. 情态动词的基本用法 3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”， will 指现 在， would 指过去。 e.g. Fish will die without water. 4) 表示预料或猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten when he left home. 5) 表示规律性的“注定”用 will 。 e.g. People will die without water or air. can, could 1) 表示能力。 e.g. My grandma is well over eighty, but she can read without glasses. 2) 表示客观可能性。 e.g. Accidents can happen to any drunken driver. 3) 表示请求和允许。 e.g. — Can I have a look at your design? — Yes, of course you can. 4) 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用于否定句，疑问句和惊叹句）。 e.g. What can he be doing at this time of night? 5) 表示请求，口语中常用 could 代替 can, 使语气更委婉。 e.g. Could you please help me with this furniture? may, might 1) 表示允许、许可。否定回答时，一般用 mustn’t ，“禁止、阻止”。 e.g. — May I watch TV after supper? —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't. 2) 表示请求、允许时， might 比 may 的语气更委婉；用 May I… ？征询对方许可在语气上比较客气；用 Can I… ？征询对方意见更常见。 e.g. — Might I use your telephone? —Yes, please. — May / Can I go home now? —Yes, you may / can. 3) 表示可能性的推测，“或许，可能”，用 might 代替 may 时，语气显得更加不肯定，用于陈述句中。 e.g. It may be true. She may come tomorrow. He might have some fever. 4) may 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 e.g. May you succeed ！ must 1) 表示“必须；应该”。以 must 开头的问句，否定回答常用 needn’t 或 don’t have to ，肯定回答用 must 。 e.g. You must come to school on time. 2) 表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中。 e.g. You must be ill. I can see it from your face. 3) 表示“非要；偏要”。 e.g. They are sleeping. Must you play the piano at this time ？ have to 表示“必须；不得不”，强调客观需要， 有时态，人称的变化。 e.g. I can’t see things clearly. I have to wear glasses. shall 1) 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。 e.g. What shall we do next ？ 2) 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 e.g. Shall we begin our lesson? Shall the driver wait ？ 3) 用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺和威胁。 e.g. You shall go with me. He shall be punished. should 1) 表示劝告或建议，“应该”。 e.g. We should be strict with ourselves. 2) 表示推测，“可能”或“应该”。 e.g. They should have arrived by two o’clock. 3) 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。 e.g. I should advise you not to do that. You are mistaken, I should say. 4) 用在 if 条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。 e.g. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 5) Why / how + should ，表示意外，惊异，“竟会”。 e.g. Why should you be so late today ？ need 表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句中，只有现在时，其他时态用 have to 的相应形式代替。 e.g. You needn’t ask him the question. Need I finish the work before ten? dare 表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句 (I dare say 除外 ) 。 e.g. Dare you go alone there? The boy daren’t say so before the teacher. How dare he do such a thing ？ ought to 1) 表示“应该”。 e.g. You ought to take care of him. 2) 表示推测。 e.g. He ought to be home by now. used to 表示过去常常 ( 现在已经不再 ) 。 e.g. There used to be a temple here. had better 表示“最好”。 e.g. You had better finish it now. 【 注意 】 ① could, should, might 不一定与过去时间 有关 , 而是表示可能性弱于与其相应的 现在时形式 ; ② should/ought to 表示推测时 , 表示确定或 可能性大的合乎理想的情况或结果。 ③ need 和 dare 用作实义动词时 , 有词形变化 , 变成否定句、疑问句时 , 要加助动词。如： You don’t need to do it yourself. We should dare to give our own opinion. 2. 表示推测的情态动词的层次比较 情态动词的“推测”功能。如： can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，使用时要 注意以下几点： 1) 注意语气。语气较强用 must, cannot, couldn’t; 语气较弱用 may, might 或 can, could 。 2) 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用 may, might, must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用 can, could 。 3) 注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。 3. 情态动词 + have done must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测。 may / might have done 表示过去可能发生过某事。 3) could have done 表示过去可能发生，但并未发生，含有埋怨或训斥之意；也可表示对过去可能发生的事情的一种推测。 4) should / ought to have done 表示过去本该做（某事）而事实上未做； should not / ought not to have done 表示过去本不该做（某事）但事实上却做了，含有批评、责备之意。 5) need have done 表示过去本来有必要去做（某事），但事实上没有做； need not have done 表示过去本没有必要做（某事），但事实上做了。 4. 考查情态动词的特殊用法 1) cannot/can’t 与 too/over/enough/perfectly/ sufficiently 等词连用，“越 …… 越 ……”“ 无论怎样 …… ， …… 也不为过” “决不会 …… ， …… 够 ( 过 )” 。 2) cannot wait to do sth. “ 急于做某事”。 3) may/might well ＋动词原形 “理应，有足够的理由”； may/might as well ＋动词原形 “还不如，不妨，还是 …… 的好”。 4) must “ 偏要，硬要”； can 用在肯定句中， 可以表示客观上的可能性； shall 用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should 表示估计或推测上的“应该”，“可能，该，估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，“惯于，老是，终归是”等。 5) can/could 与 be able to 辨析 时态区别 情态动词 can 只有两种时态形式 , 现在式 can 和过去式 could, be able to 有多种时态形式。 语境结果区别 could 可以表示过去的能力 , was/were able to 表示经过一番努力后取得了成功 , 相当于 manage to do 或 succeed in doing, 而 could 没有这个含义。 真题再现 1. —I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we _____ bring anything with us?  ( 湖南 2014) A. can’t                      B. mustn’t      C. shan’t                    D. needn’t It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _____ bring me food.  ( 江苏 2014) A. might                      B. would              C. should                   D. could 3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _____ worry about cooking when we get home tired.  ( 重庆 2014) A. can’t                      B. dare not C. needn’t                  D. may not 4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.  ( 浙江 2014) A. would have come       B. could come C. have come                  D. had come Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _____ become the richest.  ( 江西 2014) A. shall                       B. must       C. need                       D. might 6 ． —Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____ go now, My daughter is home alone. ( 北京 2015) A. may B. can C. must D. dare It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. ( 重庆 2015) A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. ( 天津 2015) A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 9. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. ( 陕西 2015) A. should B. need C. shall D. may —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You____ have made full preparations. ( 福建 2015) A. must B. can C. would D. Should 巩固练习 1. As good friends, you _____ us about your trouble earlier. If so, all of us could have given you a hand. A. should tell               B. might tell C. might have told     D. should have told 2. According to school rules, all the students _____ do sports for at least one hour every day during school time. A. might                        B. shall C. may                           D. need Ⅰ. 选择填空。 3. —Artistic people can be very difficult to get on with sometimes. —Well, you _____ know — you married one. A. can               B. might C. need             D. should 4. You _____ be so upset about the result. Keep working hard and you will do better next time. A. needn’t            B. mustn’t C. can’t             D. won’t 5. —I have something important to tell John. But I can’t find him. —His cell phone is here, so he _____ have gone too far. A. mustn’t                        B. needn’t C. wouldn’t                      D. can’t 6. Those smokers must be aware of the harm that secondary smoking _____ cause to people around them. A. may                            B. must C. should                        D. need Ⅱ. 从方框内选用合适的情态动词并用其正确 形式填空 （包括否定形式）。 1. —Is David coming by train? —He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car. 2. No reader ________ remove a book from the library without the permission of the librarian. 3. The girl ________ be Mary— she's in New York. can, shall, may, should, need, must may shall can’t 4. That the well-dressed young man ________ speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 5.—________ I finish the job right now? —Yes, you must. 6.—Must we hand in our exercise books today? —No, you ________. 7. Haven’t you seen the sign “No parking” here? Cars ________ be parked here. should Need needn’t mustn’t 8. —Shall I inform her of the change of the meeting right now? —I am afraid you ________, in case he comes late for the meeting. 9. ________ you be interested, I’ll tell you the whole story. 10. It was an easy test and he ________ have passed, but he didn’t. must Should should III. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。 1. She _________________________ ( 不需要亲自来 ) —a letter would have been enough. 2. I lost your address, otherwise I __________ ____________ ( 早就写信给你了 ). 3. They are always making trouble. I think it's high time they _________________ ( 被教训一顿了 ). needn’t have come in person written to you would have were taught a lesson 4. He insisted I _________________ ( 应该打个车 ) and offered to pay for it. 5. Your advice that she___________________ _____ ( 等到下周 ) is reasonable. 6. I should not have made fool of you if I _____ _____________________ ( 早想到你是认真的 ). 7. If you had spent more time practicing making it before, you ___________________ ____________ ( 就能把它做得更好 ) now. (should) take a taxi (should) wait till next thought you were serious week had it much better would be able to make