【英语】非谓语动词教案（第一、二、三课时）

【英语】非谓语动词教案（第一、二、三课时）

非谓语动词 第一、二、三课时 一、 学情分析 非谓语动词在英语学习当中占了很大的比例，而学生时常不能很好地处理该部分知识点，经常分不清是什么是谓语，什么是非谓语，更搞不清楚什么时候该用谓语，什么时候该用非谓语；其中过去分词和现在分词的用法尤为混乱，不能很好地判断何种情况该用现分，何种情况该用过分；非谓语动词的相关练习做得不够多，综合运用能力较低。‎ 二、 教学目标 1. 知识与技能 A． 了解非谓语的种类及构成；‎ B． 学习各种非谓语动词的主要用法；‎ C． 能够在语篇中正确完成非谓语动词的相关练习。‎ ‎2. 过程与方法 A． 举例法 B． 演示法 C． 类比法 D． 图解法 ‎3. 情感态度与价值观 A． 培养学生的规范语言表达；‎ B． 让学生体会语言的灵活多变。‎ 三、 教学重、难点 1. 非谓语动词的种类及其用法；‎ 2. 语篇中非谓语动词的正确使用；‎ 四、 渗透法制教育 五、 教学过程 Before class:(先学任务) ‎ 一、 写出你所知道的非谓语动词的结构。‎ 基本类型：1.to do 2.v-ing 4.v-ed 二、用所给动词的适当的非谓语形式填空。‎ ‎1.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.‎ 答案　to be seen ‎2.Life is a journey ________ (fill) with hardships, joys and special moments.‎ 答案　filled ‎3.Nowadays people separate their waste to make it easier for it ________ (reuse)．‎ 答案　to be reused ‎4.________ (try) out different ideas, we are now getting closer to the answer.‎ 答案　Having tried ‎5.He didn't keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ________ (repair)．‎ 答案　repaired During class:‎ Step1: warming up & lead in ‎ ‎1. Check students’ assignment and introduce what they will learn in this class.‎ ‎2. Show the sentences and pictures on the PPT.‎ ‎1) To see is to believe.‎ ‎2) The teacher went into the classroom, followed by his students.‎ ‎3) The man sat under the moonlight, missing his hometown.‎ ‎4) Seeing is believing. ‎ ‎3. 非谓语动词的种类和基本用法。‎ ‎ ‎ 形式 对比项目 动词不定式 ‎(to do)‎ 动名词(doing)‎ 现在分词(doing)‎ 过去分词(done)‎ 意义 相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味 相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作 相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味 相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义 充当句子成分 主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语 主语、宾语、表语、定语 表语、宾补、定语、状语 表语、宾补、定语、状语 形式 主动一般式 ‎ to do ‎ ‎ doing doing done 被动式 ‎ to be done ‎ being done being done 主动完成式 ‎ to have done ‎ having done having done 被动完成式 to have been done ‎ having been done having been done 否定式 在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not ‎ Step2: 动词不定式用法 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 无 完成进行式 to have been doing 无 一、不定式的语法意义：‎ 1. 不定式一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者发生在它的后面；‎ I heard her sing. (唱和听见同时发生)‎ I expect to come back next Sunday.(“回来”发生在“预计”之后)‎ 2. 不定式完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；‎ He pretended to have reviewed his lessons.‎ I am glad to have met you before.‎ 1. 不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；‎ She seems to be waiting for somebody.‎ When he came to see me, I happened to be taking a bath.‎ 2. 不定式完成进行式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行；‎ She is said to have been waiting a novel this year.‎ She seemed to have been working on a difficult maths problem.‎ 3. 主动语态：一般表示主动的意义，但有时也可以表示被动意义；‎ They began to learn Japanese last winter.‎ Some stars are too far to see.(= to be seen)‎ 4. 被动语态：表示被动的意义；‎ The composition contest is to be held next month.‎ She is anxious to be invited to the ball.‎ 二、 不定式的句法功能：‎ 1. 作主语：一般表示具体的某次动作。‎ ‎1)不定式作主语时，谓语用单数： To do such things is foolish. ‎ ‎2)主系表结构： To see is to believe.‎ ‎3)当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 ‎ 常用于下列结构中：‎ ‎(1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…）‎ ‎(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…）‎ ‎(3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …） ‎ ‎(4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…‎ ‎(5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…‎ ‎2. 作表语：常表示将来的动作或状态。‎ Her wish is to become a lawyer.‎ ‎3. 作宾语：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语。‎ 注意:1.某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean….‎ ‎2.某些及物动词think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式宾语。 ‎ ‎4．作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。‎ Xiao Li is a very nice person to work with.‎ He wants you to be his assistant. ‎ The pen is very nice to write.(用主动表被动)‎ 5. 作状语：表示目的、结果、原因和情况，不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语；‎ To make a living, he had to work from morning to till night. (目的)‎ ‎6. 作宾语补足语：宾语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在表示知觉的动词和使役动词后，不用to ，在动词help后to可用可不用。这些动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let等。但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。‎ He asked me to help him.‎ She usually helped her mother (to) wash clothes on Sundays.‎ ‎7. 同位语: Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?‎ ‎8. 独立成分: To tell you the truth, I don’t like you. ‎ 类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等。‎ 三、 不定式的其他用法 1. ‎“疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式可以和who, whom, whose, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词作用，可作主语，宾语，表语等成分。‎ Where to go has not been decided.(主语)‎ We don’t know what to do next.（宾语）‎ 2. ‎“形容词+不定式”结构，部分形容词可后接不定式，与句子主语在逻辑上构成主谓关系，这类形容词多是表示思想感情的，如，eager, sure, glad, lucky等。‎ I am glad to hear the news.‎ She is sorry to have missed the show. ‎ ‎3. 不定式的省略：1）表示感觉的动词（see, watch, listen to, look at等 ）后作宾语补足语时，to可省略；2）使役动词make, let, have后；3）help后可省，可保留，被动语态要保留to; 4）两个不定式并列时，保留第一个，其余省略；5）had better, would rather …than, cannot but, do nothing but等后可省略to.‎ 当堂导练一：‎ 用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。‎ 1. It’s an honour for me __________(ask) to deliver a speech at the meeting.‎ 2. We found them ___________ (work) hard all the time.‎ 3. I don’t like myself _________(praise) like that.‎ 4. She was glad __________(give) a chance to visit this beautiful city.‎ 5. I am sorry _______ (keep) you waiting so long.‎ 6. This poem is said ________(translate) into English already.‎ 7. After graduation he asked ________ (send) to work in the countryside.‎ 8. The computer is difficult _________(control).‎ 9. She has a slight headache now. She seems _________ (catch)a cold.‎ 10. I am going to have the orphan_____________(live) with me soon.‎ 11. They did nothing but _______(play)bridge the whole day.‎ 12. We failed _______(get) him________(come) to the party.‎ 13. What I’d like ________(do) first is _______(read)today’s newspaper.‎ 14. Who is ______(blame)?‎ 15. The dog ought________(feed) hours ago.‎ 16. What he wants is _________(not interrupt)while he is speaking.‎ 17. The books are not allowed _________(take)out of the room.‎ 18. He preferred to die rather than _________(give) in.‎ References:1.to be asked 2.to be working 3.to be praised 4.to have been given 5.to have kept 6.to have been translated 7.to be sent 8.to control 9.to have caught 10.live 11.play 12.to get, to come 13,to do,(to)read 14.to blame 15.to have been fed 16.not to be interrupted 17.to be taken 18.give Step3:分词的用法 一． 分词的语法意义 语法意义 分词是一种非谓语动词，有现在分词和过去分词两种 基本形式 v-ing; v-ed(不规则动词形式有另外规定)；否定：not+分词构成 特征 具有副词，形容词的特征，具有动词的部分特征，可以有宾语或状语，构成分词短语 二． 分词的形式 类型 时态 语态 动词性质 及物动词 不及物动词 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 现在分词 一般式 building being built falling 完成式 having built having been built having fallen 过去分词 一般式 ‎—‎ fallen 三． 分词的句法功能 1） 作表语：相当于形容词，表示性质或状态（不同于进行时和被动语态中的分词，其中的分词是谓语的一部分，表示具体的动作）‎ The invention is encouraging.(The machine is working.)‎ She is unmarried.(The window was broken.)‎ 2) 作定语：单个分词通常作前置定语，有时也可放在后面；分词短语作后置定语，其作用相当于定语从句 She told us an exciting story.‎ His spoken English is very good.‎ These are the color TV sets made in Shanghai.‎ 3) 作状语：表示时间、原因，条件、结果、伴随情况与方式等，有时分词前可用when, while等连词，分词作状语的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。‎ Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.(时间)‎ While working in the countryside, we learned a lot from the peasants.（时间）‎ Not knowing how to get there, he had to go by taxi.（原因）‎ If working without playing all day long, you will become a dull boy.(条件)‎ The teacher walked into the office, followed by a few students.(伴随或方式)‎ 4） 作补足语：可作主语补足语，也可作宾语补足语，补充说明主语或宾语的行为或状态。‎ I heard someone knocking at the door.‎ I found his hometown much changed.‎ The fire must be kept burning.‎ The next morning the old man was found buried in the snow.‎ 5) with+名词或代词（宾格）+分词：表示伴随和方式，分词也可用不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等代替。‎ He ran into the clinic with blood streaming from his nose.‎ He left the room with the door closed.‎ I used to sleep with the windows open.‎ 当堂导练二：‎ 用括号内所给动词的适当分词形式填空。‎ 1. When Hilter came to power in Germany, Einstein found the doors of study ______(close) to him.‎ 2. Houses near airports sometimes have their windows __________(break) by the noise of jet planes ________(pass) overhead.‎ 3. The old man is an _______(advance) worker in this factory.‎ 4. ‎___________(catch) in the rain, she fell ill.‎ 5. The girl __________(bring up) by her uncle is studying chemistry in a university.‎ 6. I was walking along the street when I heard my name ___________(call).‎ 7. In order to make herself _________(understand), she spoke slowly and clearly.‎ 8. She failed in the final examination. She was very __________(disappoint) at it.‎ 9. While _________(see) the film, she was __________(move) to tears.‎ 10. ‎____________(live) in London for five years, he speaks English very fluently.‎ 11. ‎____________(not know) which road to take, he stopped to look at the map.‎ 12. ‎____________(see) from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant.‎ 13. Although ___________(work) hard, he failed in the exam.‎ 14. ‎____________(bring) up in the city, she didn’t know much about farm work.‎ 15. The war lasted a few years, __________(kill) a lot of people.‎ References：1.closed 2.broken, passing 3.advanced 4. Caught 5.brought up 6.called 7.understood 8.disappointed 9.seeing, moved 10. Having lived 11. Not knowing 12. Seen 13.working 14. Having been bought 15.killing Step4: 动名词的用法 一．动名词的语法意义 语法意义 动名词是一种非谓语动词 基本形式 v-ing, 与现在分词同形， 否定有not+动名词构成 特征 具有名词的特征，也具有动词的某些特征，可以带宾语或由状语修饰，动名词和宾语或状语一起构成动名词短语 二、 动名词的形式 时态 语态 及物动词 不及物动词 动词性质 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 praising being praised coming 完成式 having praised having been praised having come 二、 动名词的句法作用 1. 作主语：为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末，其逻辑主语泛指人们。‎ Working all day made her tired.‎ It’s no use crying over spilt milk.‎ 2. 作宾语：可作及物动词的宾语、作介词宾语、作形容词worth和busy的宾语，有时可用it作形式宾语(think，find，consider等)，其逻辑主语一般特指，有时也可泛指。‎ Would you mind my smoking here?‎ I am looking forward to hearing from my father.‎ The teacher considers it no good reading without understanding.‎ 3. 作表语：不要和进行时混淆，进行时说明谓语动作是由主语完成的，但动名词只是说明主语的内容，往往是无生命的名词或由what引导的名词性从句。‎ My job is teaching English.‎ He is driving a car.(现在进行时)‎ His job is driving a car.(动名词)‎ 4. 作定语：动名词作定语起修饰作用，用于说明名词的用途和目的，且只能放于所修饰词的前面。‎ It is important to use a good learning method.(a method of learning)‎ The man sitting at the working desk(a desk for writing) is a young writer.‎ 四、 动名词与现在分词的区别 1. 作定语时：动名词作定语修饰主语，用以说明主语的性质、用途及目的，与主语之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示主语的动作或状态，两者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ This is a dancing hall.(动名词)‎ China is a developing socialist country.(现在分词)‎ 2. 作表语时：动名词作表语，具有名词性质，说明主语的内容或情况；分词作表语，相当于形容词，表示性质和状态。‎ His hobby is fishing.(动名词)‎ His speech was inspiring.(现在分词)‎ After class：‎ Step5: 自辅落实 I.改正下列句中的错误。‎ 1. If you don’t mind, I’d rather not to go.‎ 2. The house to build will be a post-office.‎ 3. Tell her don’t turn on the light.‎ 4. I’m sorry to have kept you waited for me.‎ 1. He was satisfying with what she had said.‎ 2. We watched the plane taken off at the airport.‎ 3. What made her so frightening?‎ 4. Do you mind him to gamble?‎ 5. It’s no use to quarrel about it all day.‎ 6. She devoted herself to help homeless children.‎ References:1.去掉to 2.to be built 3.don’t改为not to 4.waiting 5.satisfied 6.taking 7.frightened 8.to gamble改成gambling 9.to quarrel改为quarrelling 10.helping II. 语法填空 ‎ ‎ A clear, accurate summary only gives the vital information from a text. Any extra, irrelevant details are left out. __1__ (summarize) will seriously improve your quick reading skills—so learn how to do it. You can't summarize if you haven't read __2__ text carefully. Start by scanning the text, then read it closely. Once you understand the whole text, go through __3__ again slowly, working out __4__ is relevant, and which details can be left out. Write only the number of words you __5__ (tell)—no more. See what the title is, and look for any extra information on the paper __6__ could be relevant, __7__ the author's name. Decide what the main theme of the text is.‎ ‎ If the question says how many words long the summary must be, you must never write __8__ (many) than that limit. You will __9__ (definite) lose marks __10__ you don't follow the guidelines. Make sure that all the basic information is there—don't include details when there isn't room.‎ References：1.Summarizing　考查动名词作主语。所填词表示主动关系和一般概念，故填动名词的一般主动式。‎ ‎2.the　考查冠词。上文已出现过a text，故此处表示特指，所以用定冠词the。3.it　考查代词。此处用it代替前面的the whole text。‎ ‎4.what　考查宾语从句。working out后的从句是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，所填词表示“什么”，故填what。‎ ‎5.are told　考查时态和语态。tell与you为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，且文章的时态基调是一般现在时，故填are told。‎ ‎6.which/that　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是information，故用which/that。‎ ‎7.like　考查介词。此处是在举例，故用like(像)。‎ ‎8.more　考查比较级。由后面的than可知，此处要用many的比较级形式，故填more。‎ ‎9.definitely　考查副词。修饰谓语动词应该用副词，故填definitely。‎ ‎10.if　考查条件状语从句。if表示“如果”，在此引导条件状语从句。‎ Step6:课后反思