【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意类解题指导学案（29页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意类解题指导学案（29页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 主旨大意类 解题指导学案 一真题验证 题　　组　　一 ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，D)‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well－being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in－vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ These include custom－made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.‎ ‎”For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in ‎30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.‎ ‎“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。‎ ‎❶　What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？____C____‎ A．To explore new means of transport.‎ B．To design new types of cars.‎ C．To find out older driver's problems.‎ D．To teach people traffic rules.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。 ‎ ‎❷　Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？____A____‎ A．It keeps them independent.‎ B．It helps them save time.‎ C．It builds up their strength.‎ D．It cures their mental illnesses.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。‎ ‎❸　What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？____B____‎ A．Improve their driving skills.‎ B．Develop driver－assist technologies.‎ C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.‎ D．Organize regular physical checkups.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing in—vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。‎ ‎❹　What is the best title for the text？____D____‎ A．A new Model Electric Car B．A Solution to Traffic Problems C．Driving Services for Elders D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 解析：考查标题判断。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。故选D。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·天津，A)‎ Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.‎ What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don't handle it too ‎ lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)．‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light－hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇应用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉时发送电子邮件出现错误怎么办？比如，邮件还没写好就发送了，把收件人的名字拼写错了，个人邮件被你误发给了所有人，或者把埋怨的邮件误发给了被你吐槽的那个人。本文告诉我们出现这些情况时我们该如何补救。‎ ‎❺　After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel____C____.‎ A．curious 　　　　　 B.tired ‎ C.awful D.funny ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。‎ ‎❻　If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ____A____.‎ A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段，该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的语调(don't handle it too lightly)，这与A项的陈述是一致的。‎ ‎❼　What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email？____B____‎ A．Try offering other choices.‎ B．Avoid further involvement.‎ C．Meet other staff members.‎ D．Make a light－hearted apology.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段，这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘(step away from your keyboard)，以便让大家都冷静下来。这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续卷入(这样的对话)”。‎ ‎❽　How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？____D____‎ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B．By seeking support from the receiver's friends.‎ C．By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D．By talking to the receiver face to face.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快亲自向对方道歉。故选D。‎ ‎❾　What is the passage mainly about？____C____‎ A．Defining email errors.‎ B．Reducing email mistakes.‎ C．Handling email accidents.‎ D．Improving email writing.‎ 解析：考查主旨要义。通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主题。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·浙江，A)‎ Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ ‎__The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.__ That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. ‎ In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ ‎ In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams,‎ ‎ a well－known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。‎ 　What is the text mainly about？____C____‎ A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.‎ B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.‎ C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.‎ D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ 解析：主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C。‎ 　What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest？____D____‎ A．The cat would be closely watched.‎ B．The cat would get some medical care.‎ C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ 解析：推理判断题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。‎ 　What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？____B____‎ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B．He provided him with painting materials.‎ C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D．He taught him how to make engravings.‎ 解析：细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“...Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。‎ 　Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____D____.‎ A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters D．make up his mind to be a painter 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的指引，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ，D)‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants ‎ the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 文章大意：文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义以及沉默的治疗价值等内容。‎ 　What does the author say about silence in conversations？____C____‎ A．It implies anger.　　　 B．It promotes friendship.‎ C．It is culture－specific. D．It is content－based.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry”(某一谈话中的沉默可能也表示倔强、不安或者担忧)可知，silence in conversations具有文化特异性。故选C。‎ 　Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for ‎ careful thought？____A____‎ A．The Chinese.　 B．The French.‎ C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知，中国人可能认为一个人在谈话时突然停顿是希望听话人去仔细思考。故选A。‎ 　What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？____D____‎ A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B．Break it while treating patients.‎ C．Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D．Make use of its healing effects.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段，尤其是最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures”可知，护士应该充分利用沉默的治愈价值。故选D。‎ 　What may be the best title for the text？____B____‎ A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义，故选B。文章未谈及Sound，所以A项不对；文章虽谈到了Silence to Native Americans，但这不是文章的中心内容，故排除C项；文章未涉及Speech Is Silver的内容，所以D项也不对。‎ 题　　组　　二 ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ，C)‎ Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds __it.__‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Book Crossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. Book Crossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E－mails are then sent to the Book Crossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ Book Crossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟)．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty－five countries.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BookCrossing.com网站帮助喜爱读书的人们互相交流和传递图书的内容。‎ ‎❶　Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？____B____‎ A．To explain what they are.‎ B．To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C．To stress the importance of reading.‎ D．To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句话“Now，the website BookCrossing.come turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”可知，作者提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B项。‎ ‎❷　What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？____A____‎ A．The book.‎ B．An adventure.‎ C．A public place.‎ D．The identification number.‎ 解析：考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide...”可知，此处的“it”指的是“the book”。故选A项。‎ ‎❸　What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？____C____‎ A．Meet other readers to discuss it.‎ B．Keep it safe in his bookcase.‎ C．Pass it on to another reader.‎ D．Mail it back to its owner.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“BookCrossing provide an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers将会把它继续传递给其他的读者。故选C项。‎ ‎❹　What is the best title for the text？____D____‎ A．Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B．Electronic Books: A New Trend C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D．A Website Links People through Books 解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段的最后一句“Now，the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”以及其余的内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了BookCrossing.com网站的功能及其创建的意义。故选D项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·北京，B)‎ Surviving Hurricane Sandy Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.‎ On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high－rise buildings.‎ ‎“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”‎ Natalie's choice was to help.‎ She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who ‎ wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.‎ In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much－need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.‎ Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”‎ 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。本文的主人公——14岁的女孩娜塔莉——主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，为外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。‎ ‎❺　When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found ____B____.‎ A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 解析：考查细节理解。由题干的“returned...after the hurricane”可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选B。‎ ‎❻　According to paragraph 4，who inspired Natalie most？____A____‎ A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild.‎ B．The people trapped in high－rise building.‎ C．The volunteers donating money to survivors.‎ D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。由第四段第一句中的“the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie”可知选A。‎ ‎❼　How did Natalie help the survivors？____D____‎ A．She gave her toys to the kids.‎ B．She took care of younger children.‎ C．She called on the White House to help.‎ D．She built an information sharing platform.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一个网站，让捐助者与需要帮助的人通过这个网站建立联系，以此来帮助他们，因此选D。‎ ‎❽　What does the story intend to tell us？____A____‎ A．Little people can make a big difference.‎ B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C．East or west, home is best.‎ D．Technology is power.‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为：“小人物也有大作为”；“患难之友才是真正的朋友”；“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”；“技术就是力量”。本文介绍的是14岁的小女孩娜塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ，D)‎ Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e－mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger,‎ ‎ a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” ‎ Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews, face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e－mailed” list for six months. One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”‎ 文章大意：本文讲述了科学家对大众传媒的新发现：好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的信息越容易被大众分享。‎ ‎❾　What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to？____A____‎ A．News reports.　 B．Research papers.‎ C．Private e－mails. D．Daily conversations.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容尤其是“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning ‎ papers”可知，新闻报道惯常报道坏消息来吸引人们的眼球。‎ 　What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？____C____‎ A．They're socially inactive.‎ B．They're good at telling stories.‎ C．They're inconsiderate of others.‎ D．They're careful with their words.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，大众传媒想要吸引你的眼球而不关心你的内心感受，但是当你和朋友分享故事时，你对他们的反应要关心得多，你不希望他们把你看作Debbie Downer。由此可以推断，Debbie Downer和大众传媒是一样的，不会去关心他人的感受，故选C项，inconsiderate意为“不为别人着想的，不考虑他人的”。‎ 　Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Berger's research？____B____‎ A．Sports news. B．Science articles.‎ C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles”可知，选B项。‎ 　What can be a suitable title for the text？____D____‎ A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide.‎ B．Online News Attracts More People.‎ C．Reading Habits Change with the Times.‎ D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.‎ 解析：考查标题判断。本文第一段的最后一句概括了文章的主要内容：通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上的帖子，科学家已经发现好消息要比坏消息传得更快更远。下文是对这一发现的具体介绍，故选D项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·四川，D)‎ A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those ‎ wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugar－free and additive－free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇研究报告。文章指出在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶“night milk”，含有大量的褪黑激素，能帮助人们入睡，减少焦虑。‎ 　According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ____B____.‎ A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Those given night milk，which ‎ contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime”可知，饮用在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。故选B项。‎ 　Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text？____D____‎ A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B．It can make people more energetic.‎ C．It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D．It's used in sleeping drugs.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D项。‎ 　What can be a suitable title for the text？____A____‎ A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat, Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health 解析：考查主旨要义。根据第一段中的“But now a study has found，it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night”和第二段以及第五段内容可知，全文围绕“Night Milk and Sleep”展开，告诉读者饮用在晚上取自奶牛的牛奶有助于睡眠。故选A项。‎ 　How does the author support the theme of the text？____D____‎ A．By giving examples.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By providing research results.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。通读全文可知，文中作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。故选D项。‎ 模拟强化 ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·安徽省合肥市第一次质检)‎ Many young people these days adore the advertised magazine body and become too focused on attaining this image instead of worrying more about what lasts and even grows over time. But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years, and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent? It is a sad reality that people don't realize how __vacillating__ the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.‎ Think of the most typical American girl you know. Is she blonde－haired with white skin and light blue eyes, and does she love shopping or sports? Now place this girl in the heart of Africa, where beauty is placed on what you can control. The Maasai tribe in Kenya focuses on how clean people are, and how stylish their piercings (穿孔) are. This tribe's culture is to be a brave fighter, so they will cut their skin with patterns in it to show that they are strong. If you don't look fierce, you are not beautiful.‎ Other countries like North Korea and South Korea have their own unique views on beauty. In an interview, a woman who has lived in both North Korea and South Korea claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife. She says that women in North Korea are less concerned about fashion and beauty in the physical sense. She says they did have a time when big eyes were a big deal and everyone wanted to get double eyelid surgery. This is something extreme and could perhaps be influenced by Western culture. But don't you think the idea of getting surgery done to look more attractive is crazy?‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了不同群体的文化差异使得人们对美的观点不尽相同。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：点明文章的主旨，通过介绍当今社会存在的一些现象，指出美会随着文化的不同而发生变化。‎ 第二段：举例论述文章观点，介绍了美国人和肯尼亚人对美的不同观点。‎ 第三段：对比韩国和朝鲜各自独特的对美的观点。‎ ‎❶　What does the underlined word “vacillating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？____A____‎ A．Inconsistent. B．Reasonable.‎ C．Unusual. 　　 D．Similar.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句“But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years，and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent”可知，许多年里，你都被认为是美丽的，当你搬到另一个大陆时突然会被认为是难看的。由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化，因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人对美的观点是不一致的。inconsistent“不一致的”；reasonable“合理的”；unusual“不寻常的”；similar“相似的”。故选A。‎ ‎❷　The Maasai tribe in Kenya is mentioned to show that in their eyes ____B____.‎ A．getting dirty is stylish B．looking fierce is beautiful C．strong people cut their skin D．American girls love shopping 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“If you don't look fierce，you are not beautiful”可知，肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。故选B。‎ ‎❸　According to the woman interviewed, women in North Korea now ____C____.‎ A．care a lot about their appearance B．put the beauty of eyes in the first place C．pay great attention to their ability D．are crazy about double eyelid surgery 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“claims that beauty in North Korea ‎ is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife”可知，朝鲜的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。故选C。‎ ‎❹　What does the text mainly tell us？____B____‎ A．Inner beauty is of great importance.‎ B．Ideas of beauty vary among culture groups.‎ C．Different ways are needed to admire true beauty.‎ D．Fashion magazines easily influence young people.‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段的“It is a sad reality that people don't realize how vacillating the idea Ofbeauty can be from one country to another”可知，不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的，即不同的文化群体对美的观点不尽相同。故选B。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·河南省郑州市第一次质量预测)‎ ‎ Years ago, my wife and I volunteered at a homeless shelter in downtown Los Angeles, the US, preparing meals for thousands of people. I got to talk with one of the guys in line, Albert. He said he liked my socks. “Want to see mine？” he asked, lifting his leg. He was barefoot. He said he had been meaning to buy a pair but he hadn't got around to it. I felt a sinking feeling in my stomach.‎ The next day, after work, I stopped at Ross and filled up a cart with socks. I stuffed my trunk with them. That next morning, I set my alarm for ‎5 a. m. and drove over to Santa Monica's Palisades Park, which is a common destination for homeless people.‎ I took one of the bags from my trunk. It was still dark out. I headed for a group of three men, standing around a tree, probably using it as a windbreaker. Two were asleep under heavy blankets, and the third was digging through his collection. As I walked toward him, he watched me, perhaps questioning my motives. “I thought you guys might need some fresh new socks，” I said, handing him a pair. He looked confused at first but took them and said, “Thank you.” I gave him two more pairs ‎ for his friends.‎ I moved on. An hour later, I had given out all the socks. Most people were sleeping, and I felt like Santa. I knew that when they woke up they would find a very meaningful present.‎ That was nine years ago. Every week I'll hand out as many socks as I can. If I'm on vacation or on a business trip for more than a week, I will bring a bag of socks with me and hand them out to the homeless on the streets in other states and countries.‎ It's extremely satisfying to operate “under the radar” to help make some people's lives a little bit easier. Part of me hopes to see Albert out there one of these days, but even if I don't, I like to think one of the pairs will find him.‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者做慈善的故事。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：作者和妻子一起做志愿者。‎ 第二段：作者买了很多袜子，准备给那些无家可归的人送去。‎ 第三段：作者把新买的袜子送给那些无家可归的人。‎ 第四段：作者派送完袜子后的感想。‎ 第五段：作者坚持做着派送袜子的慈善活动。‎ 第六段：作者做慈善的美好愿望。‎ ‎❺　What caused the author to hand out socks to the homeless？____D____‎ A．Albert's desire to get free socks.‎ B．The approach of Christmas Day.‎ C．His hard work at a homeless shelter.‎ D．The conversation between him and Albert.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段作者和流浪汉Albert的对话可知，作者和Albert的谈话激发了作者去买袜子送给无家可归的人。故选D。‎ ‎❻　Which is true about the author according to the passage？____A____‎ A．He believed it felt good to help the homeless.‎ B．He went to Ross to buy a pair of socks for Albert.‎ C．He handed out socks to the homeless as Christmas gifts.‎ D．He was often questioned about why he gave out socks.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的第一句“It's extremely satisfying to operate ‘under the radar’to help make some people's lives a little bit easier”可知，作者乐意帮助那些无家可归的人。故选A。‎ ‎❼　What could be the best title for the passage？____C____‎ A．Santa Claus brings Christmas gifts B．Kindness is rewarded with kindness C．Every sock helps make somebody's day D．Socks are passed on from hand to hand 解析：考查标题判断。通读全文并根据最后一段的第一句“It's extremely satisfying...a little bit easier”可推知，本文主要讲的是作者通过给无家可归的人送袜子来做慈善，以改善他人的生活的故事，故选C。make sb.’s day表示“使某人非常高兴”。故选C。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·河北省石家庄质检一)‎ Despite being used by 1. 34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. ‎ One citizen, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube and it's completely silent and it's weird, ”says Jonathan Dunne, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章) with the words “Tube chat？” last month, encouraging passengers in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed，” he says. Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.‎ Although Dunne says he's received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don't even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn't need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you, ”he says.‎ ‎“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don't, but it's been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to，”Dunne says.‎ So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.‎ 文章大意：每年乘坐伦敦地铁的乘客众多，可是人们仍然感到孤独；为此Jonathan Dunne发起了一个旨在鼓励乘客相互交谈的运动，此举引起了世界媒体的关注。尽管如此，人们对此仍有不同的态度。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：尽管伦敦地铁每年运载的乘客众多，但是乘客们仍感到孤独。‎ 第二段：Dunne向乘客发放特制徽章鼓励乘客们相互交谈，此运动引起了全世界的关注。‎ 第三段：一些人对此运动持否定态度。‎ 第四段：Dunne认为和陌生人讲话是认识别人的好机会。‎ 第五段：在西方国家旅游时，如果你乘坐了公共交通工具，可以试着跟陌生人打招呼。‎ ‎❽　How did Dunne encourage London passengers to talk with each other____C____‎ A．By putting up posters on the tube.‎ B．By advocating his idea on the media.‎ C．By offering passengers special badges.‎ D．By starting a dialogue with passengers.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“who has started a worldwide dialogue ‎ after giving out badges(徽章)with the words‘Tube chat？’”，可知，Dunne用给乘客们分发写着“Tube chat？”的徽章来鼓励乘客聊天，故C项正确。‎ ‎❾　How is Dunne's campaign getting along？____A____‎ A．It has caught international attention.‎ B．It has become a worldwide campaign.‎ C．Most passengers have refused to accept it.‎ D．Wilson has made great efforts to promote it.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“‘Tube chat’ campaign have since been reported by media across the world，seeing TV interviews in Sweden，Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website，newspaper and magazine appearances”可知，Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注，故A项正确。‎ 　According to Michael Robinson, what should tube passengers do？____D____‎ A．Hand in their feedback in time.‎ B．Walk up and talk to strangers.‎ C．Stop using public transport.‎ D．Enjoy the peace quietly.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work.It doesn't need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you”可知，Michael Robinson认为乘伦敦地铁是人们上下班时享受安静的时刻，而不是交谈的时刻，故D项正确。‎ 　What can be the best title for the text？____A____‎ A．Tube Chat or Not B．Lonely Travel in the London Tube C．Silence on the Tube D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges 解析：考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章第二段介绍Dunne和他的“Tube ‎ chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注；第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点；最后一段建议如果要跟陌生人打招呼，先看看他有没有徽章。据此可以判断，文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点，故A项最能概括文意。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018 ·山西省太原市一模)‎ Working well in a team requires full cooperation. It's an important skill for almost every employee to have. Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done, and others depend on you to get their work done.‎ Communicate well. Lack of communication is one of the biggest reasons of a team's failure. Seek input from team members so they feel like a valuable part of the team. Communication establishes trust among team members. In addition, communicating well can help prevent and resolve conflict. Meet regularly to keep members involved and aware of your work progress. Post decisions where everyone in the team can see them.‎ Be flexible. In teamwork, priorities and responsibility can change instantly. Stay ready to shift focus. Training team members to be able to do parts of other team members' jobs can be a valuable part of teamwork; being flexible helps to build appreciation for all the parts of the team.‎ Meet deadlines. Work hard to ensure you meet established deadlines when you work in a team environment. Others are depending on your work. Negotiate timelines with your teammates at the start of a project. Doing so allows you to have a say in how work gets accomplished.‎ Establish __accountability__. All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the project. Although not every team needs a leader, teams require a formal way to ensure everyone does his part. Try using meetings to report on progress.‎ Celebrate accomplishments and encourage the team. Senior executives may not always recognize the importance of some team members' work. Share congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable ‎ in helping you get your work done.‎ 文章大意：本文主要讲述了提高团队工作效率的方法和策略。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：团队合作的重要性。‎ 第二段：团队工作中良好的沟通很重要。‎ 第三段：团队工作要灵活。‎ 第四段：按时完成团队任务。‎ 第五段：确立责任。‎ 第六段：任务完成及时庆祝，以激励团队继续奋斗。‎ ‎[难句分析]　Share congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable in helping you get your work done.‎ 分析：本句是一个祈使句。此外，whose引导宾语从句。‎ 译文：在团队会议上庆祝并讨论谁的工作在帮助你完成自己的工作方面有价值。‎ 　What can you conclude from the first paragraph？____D____‎ A．Working in a team means your work is separate.‎ B．Working in a team means your work is effective.‎ C．Being a member of a team means your work is independent.‎ D．Being a member of a team means your work is interdependent.‎ 解析：考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done”可知，成为团队一员意味着分工合作、相互依赖，故选D。‎ 　Which of the following deeds does not contribute to effective teamwork？____A____‎ A．Keeping silent in a team discussion.‎ B．Being able to do parts of others' job.‎ C．Acknowledging others' work publicly.‎ D．Holding meetings to report on progress.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章中并没有提到在团队讨论中保持沉默有利于团队工作，故选A。‎ 　What does the underlined word “accountability” refer to in the fifth paragraph？____B____‎ A．Success. 　　 B．Responsibility.‎ C．Insurance. 　　 D．Community.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句的后一句“All team members must be responsible fOr the success and failure Ofthe project”可知，团队工作中所有成员都要对项目的成功和失败负责，故可推知，此处应选B。‎ 　What is the best title of the passage？____B____‎ A．How to Succeed in Communicating with Others B．How to Work Effectively in a Team Environment C．Ways to Work Well in Completing Projects D．Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Employees 解析：考查标题判断。根据本文的关键词“teamwork”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是提高团队工作效率的方法和策略，故选B项。‎