2019二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨要义题考点解读课件（24张）

2019二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨要义题考点解读课件（24张）

主旨要义题 2019 二轮复习阅读理解专题 主旨要义题考点解读 真题再练 1. 段落大意 (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·28) Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. △ What is the paragraph mainly about? A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition. A 段落大意题。 由该段内容可知，本段主要通过一些数字来介绍新型飞行汽车的基本概况，这些是新型飞行汽车的基本数据，故选 A 项。 √ 2. 文章大意 (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·28) After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves… The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 主要谈论狼被再次引进到黄石公园的事情 △ What is the text mainly about? A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. D 文章大意题。 由文章开篇“ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.” 可知，本文主要谈论狼被再次引进到黄石公园的事情。故选 D 项。 √ (1) (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·31) Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. … Around 100 people have already put down a ＄ 10,000 deposit to get a Transition … Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, ... But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. … 3. 文章标题 △ What is the best title for the text? A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s First Flight C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality D 标题归纳题。 由第一段第一句和第三段中的“ But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.” 可知，选项 D 正确。 √ (2)(2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·31)Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying ( 联合 ) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. 让年轻一代人认识爵士乐的价值。 It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells… …“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran. 帮助 改变 听众萎缩且变老的 现象 正是 杰森 · 莫兰的工作。 下文是其 观点 、 愿望 和 尝试 Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion ( 情感 ) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight ( 感悟 ) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster. ” 莫兰致力于 探索爵士音乐的未来发展之路 △ Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Exploring the Future of Jazz B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz C. The Story of a Jazz Musician D. Celebrating the Jazz Day A 标题归纳题。 本文前两段是背景，第三段第一句 It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that 才是主题句 ， 接着讲述 莫兰对 爵士乐 听众萎缩且变老现象的分析，阐述其观点、愿望，及努力尝试 ，其目的是 探索爵士音乐的未来发展之路 。因此 A 项符合。本题用排除法更易选出答案。 √ 思路点拨 每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么 ( 即文章的主题 ) ，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。 主旨大意题包括： 1. 主要内容型： 问某段或某篇文章的大意，题干中常含有 main idea, subject, mainly discuss, mainly (talk) about 等词。 2. 文章标题型： 题干中常含有 title 。标题就是对文章主要意思的概括。 做主旨大意题的关键是要找到文章的主题句，找主题句的方法是略读法（ skimming ），即快速阅读文首、文尾，每段的首尾句等。要特别留意以下六种情况： (1)Now( 如今 )… 暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。 (2) 表转折的词。段落中出现 but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast 等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。 (3) 表总结的词。如 therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等词后内容也可能是主题。 (4) 多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。 (5) 实验结论或调查结果的句子。如 their studies show that… 或 the experiment shows that…scientists/researchers have found that… 或 there is evidence suggesting that… 中 that 从句的内容通常就是主旨。 (6) 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。 考点练透 1. △ What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember. √ A 段落大意题。 解答主旨题，第一步，用略读法 (skimming) 找主题句，本段第一句为主题句： Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. ( 成年人对他们依然清晰记得自己儿时学过的东西而感到惊讶，即使之后再没练习过。 ) ；第二步，根据主题句选出答案：选项 A“ 人们对儿时学的东西记得很清楚”与主题句意思相符，故选 A 项。 2. △ What does this text mainly talk about? A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars. B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one’s spare time. C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort. D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing. √ B 文章大意题。 第一步，用略读法 (skimming) 抓大意，读第一段首尾句和第二段首句可知大意：追求快乐的中产阶级的迅速增长掀起了滑雪运动新热潮，自 10 年前北京第一个滑雪场开放后，该项运动以惊人的速度增长，现已有十几个滑雪场。第二步，对照各选项选出答案： A“ 私家车的普及给滑雪者带来方便”， B“ 滑雪是享受业余时间的新方式”， C“ 开办一个滑雪场需要考虑的事情”， D“ 北京滑雪培训课程突然增多”；与主题相符的只有 B 项。 △ What is the best title for the text? A. A New Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problems C. Driving Services for Elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road D 标题归纳题。 由首尾段可知，研发团队致力于技术开发 , 来解决老年人的这些问题 , 让老年人可以一直“在路上”享受开车的自由和乐趣，故选 D 项。 √ 3. 4. △ What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A New Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books D 文章标题题。 由第一段末句“ Now the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group( 现在图书漂流的网站给传统的读书小组翻开了新的一页 )” 和最后一段最后一句“这个网站已有超过 135 个国家的 100 多万会员”可知，这个网站通过书把人们联系起来，关键词是“网站 (website, site)” ，故选 D 项。 √ 5. △ What can be a suitable title for the text ？ A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B. Online News Attracts More People C. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks √ D 文章标题题。 由首段 But 后的两个句子“ But now…discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories” 以及最后一段最后一句中的“ The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared” 可知，在社交网络上正面消息比负面消息更易传播。故选 D 项。 THANK YOU!