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【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词考点与典题演练学案(9页word版)
2018届二轮复习 情态动词考点与典题演练 【基础回顾】 情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2. 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3. 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。 情态动词的常考必备: 1.can 和be able to 1).can/could 表示能力;可能 ,(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式。be able to可以用于各种时态。 2)只用be able to 的情况: a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。 3)could可以提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。 4)can/could在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 2. may和might 1) 表示允许或请求;2) 表示没有把握的推测;3) may 放在句首,表示祝愿。 注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 4) may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。 5) may well do sth很有可能做某事 3. have to和must 1) 两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观需要, must 表示说话人主观看法,既主观上的必要。2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。3) 在否定结构中: don't have to表示"不必";mustn't表示"禁止"4) must还可以表示“偏要”。 4. should 和ought to 1)should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。2)should可以表示惊讶“竟然”。 5. will和would 1) will 用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”。2)will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t + 动词。3)will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。4)would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。5)would 表示过去反复发生的动作。 6. shall 1)shall 作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、 强制”和“允许”等意思。2)在疑问句中,shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。 7. need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。 1) 实义动词: need (需要, 要求)need + n. / to do sth 2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not 3) need的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动: need doing = need to be done 【技能方法】情态动词是高考中的必考内容,也是教学的难点。因为相似的情态动词容易混淆,导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点:1.熟记情态动词的用法;2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。 情态动词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题。一般情况下,试题会给一个特定的情景,要求学生在理解句意和情景的情况下做题 。考查要点主要包括: 1、弄清情态动词的基本特点。2、区别相似情态动词的不同。3、做题时要结合句意和情景。4、说话人的语气强弱也要考虑。 掌握强调句必须把握好以下三个原则: (1)掌握情态动词的用法(2)正确理解句子(3)结合句意和语气答题。 典题演练 1. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A.must B.should C.can D.need C [解析] 考查情态动词。can表示能力,意为“能够” 。故答案为C。句意:塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。 2. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. A.had been put B.were put C.should be put D.would be put A [解析] 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟,从句用had done形式, 故答案选 A。句意:如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话, 这次事故就不会发生了。 3. ________not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty. A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it 4. My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A.daren't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't C [解析] 考查情态动词。根据“I can do it in the morning.”可知现在没必要打扫房间。故选C项。needn't不必;daren't不敢;shouldn’t不应该;mustn't不准,禁止。句意:我的房间很乱,不过今晚在我出去之前,我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。 5. —Do you have Betty's phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday. A.hadn't been B.wouldn't have been C.weren't D.wouldn't be B [解析] 考查虚拟语气。由空前的otherwise可知应用虚拟语气,再结合句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用would have done,故选B项。句意:“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?”“有。不然的话,我昨天就不会联系上她了。” 6. — I wonder what makes you a good salesperson. — I ________ as a waiter for three years, which contributes a lot to my today’s work. A. serve B. served C. have served D. had served 【答案】B 7. — Why did you miss the interview yesterday? — Terribly sorry. My pet dog got seriously injured and I ________ it all the day. A. attend B. was attending C. had attended D. have attended 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语all the day可知,这件事情是在过去持续进行的,应用过去进行时。故选B。 8. — Helen, are you going Io the airport to pick up Jack the day after tomorrow? — ________ tomorrow night. I would go. A. Were he to come back B. If he was about to come back C. Had he come back D. If he would come back 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装形式。此句是虚拟语气if sb. were ··, sb. would do sth.的变形,当if引导的虚拟状语从句中如有were/had/should,if省略后,从句要部分倒装。故选A。 9.Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on the world’s economy. A. is fixing on B. is being fixed on C. has fixed on D. had been fixed on 【答案】B 【解析】 考查时态语态。句意:现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上,因为它们对世界经济已经产生了很大的影响。 attention与focus之间为被动关系,Now提示用现在进行时。 10. — What happened to the young trees we planted last week? — The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. would have grown C. needn’t have grown D. would grow 【答案】B 11. ____the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. A. Have they been informed of B. Were they informed of C. Should they be informed of D. Had they been informed of 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查虚拟语气 句意上:如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会 被困了。此题考查的是混合虚拟语气且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,主句是与现在事实相反可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”故D项正确。 12.----It was such a difficult examination that a lot of students were unable to finish it on time. ----That’s the case. It’s hard to accept the fact that over90%of my classmates_______. A. should fail B. should have failed C. will fail D. may fail 【答案】B 13. Housing prices_______ since the end of the last year. Therefore, it’s time the central government______ some effective measures to bring them under control. A. have increased; would take B. have increased; will take C. have been increasing; take D. have been increasing; took 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析:考查时态和虚拟语气 句意上:房价自从去年的以来一直在上涨,所以中央政府该采取措施加以控制了。第一空依据since一词应该使用现在完成时,且进行时态更能体现出目前的状况,故使用现在完成进行时最好;第二空是虚拟语气中“it’s time that +did/ should do”的句式使用,且在使用过程中should一词不能省略,故D项最佳。 14. Were Fidel Castro, the Cuban Communist leader, still alive now, he _______ seven American presidents. A. would see B. would have seen C. will see D. will have seen 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气 句意:要是古巴领导人卡斯特罗还活着的话,他就能见证美国七位总统了。此题考查的混合虚拟语气的使用,前一句可以还原为:If Fidel Castro, the Cuban Communist leader, were still alive now, 表示的是与现在事实相反;后面的主句表示的是“他见证七位美国总统”,应该是过去发生的事情,故要使用“would have seen”,所以B项正确。 15. — How was your negotiation with your boss? — By no means, I was determined, _______ to see room to give in. A. I was B. was I C. I could D. could I 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装句 句意:--与你老板的谈判怎样?--我下定决心了,无论如何我都不会让步的。该题考查的是“by no means”位于句首的部分倒装,依照句子中的结构只能选B项。查看更多