2019届一轮复习外研版必修一Module3Myfirstrideonatrain单元学案（10页）

2019届一轮复习外研版必修一Module3Myfirstrideonatrain单元学案（10页）

‎2019届一轮复习外研版必修一Module 3 My first ride on a train单元学案 ‎[单元基础词汇语法回顾]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Some people like to listen to classical(古典的) music；others like pop music.‎ ‎2．He likes music very much and wants to be a musician(音乐家) in the future.‎ ‎3．In the story，the prince(王子) lives in a large and beautiful castle.‎ ‎4．The audience(听众) were fascinated by her beautiful song.‎ ‎5．A peasant is a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land and works on it.‎ ‎6．Li Ling has a talent for language and she does well in English.‎ ‎7．His mother didn’t know that he had lost his life in the war.‎ ‎8．A lot of artists are genius in many fields，such as Leonardo da Vinci.‎ ‎9．Our culture is more complex(复杂的) than he knows.‎ ‎10．If you mix blue and yellow，you get green.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 change...into...，as well as，be known as，hear of，be impressed with，for the first time，split up，make a note of，refer to，under the influence of ‎11．Dickens is known as a famous British writer.‎ ‎12．With a wave of her magic wand(魔杖)，she changed the frog into a handsome prince.‎ ‎13．I was impressed with the girl at the party that night so that I recognised her easily this morning.‎ ‎14．He had a good time near the seaside，enjoying the beautiful sights as well as the delicious seafood.‎ ‎15．I have never heard of him since he left.‎ ‎16．You can refer to this book when you write your composition.‎ ‎17．The ground suddenly began to quake，and for the first time I was really frightened.‎ ‎18．Under the influence of the rainy weather，we felt not so well.‎ ‎19．Please make a note of what your boss has said at the meeting.‎ ‎20．Did you know that John and Mary had split up?‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎ ‎21．His dual role as a composer(compose) and a conductor made him very busy.‎ ‎22．Lost(lose) in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.‎ ‎23．Our teacher impressed us with her musical knowledge.‎ ‎24．Having finished(finish) her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.‎ ‎25．By the time this letter reaches(reach) you，I will have left the country.‎ ‎26．She said she had lost her bike.If so，we should try our best to help her.‎ ‎27．The problem is really hard to work(work) out.‎ ‎28．The way (that/which) he introduced to us was really helpful.‎ ‎29．It is our duty to help(help) those in trouble.‎ ‎30．He hurried home，looking behind as he went.‎ ‎31．It was my old teacher that/who I came across this morning in the bookstore.‎ ‎32．We all think that Yao Ming is a talented(talent) basketball player.‎ ‎33．This club is composed of eight members.‎ ‎34．As well as knowing(know) some Russian，she speaks French well.‎ ‎35．Thousands of tourists(tour) from the world come here every year.‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．Meat soon goes in hot weather，if it isn’t put in the fridge.‎ ‎37．Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen anywhere.‎ ‎38．The teacher，as well as his students， going to have a picnic tomorrow.‎ ‎39．It was in the small mountain village I spent my childhood happily.‎ ‎40．She is best known her work on the human brain.‎ ‎41．I felt very nervous for the first time I made a speech in English.‎ ‎42. by the teacher，he decided to take up teaching as his career.‎ ‎43．It’s really catchy tune.No wonder many people like it.‎ ‎44．The place is quiet enough to study .‎ ‎45．Salt，when with water，dissolves quickly，which is a physical reaction.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——单句语法填空 ‎ ‎46．By the time my parents reached home yesterday，I had finished(finish) my homework already.‎ ‎47．In his letter，he said it was the third time that he had visited(visit) Zhuhai.‎ ‎48．I was having supper when someone knocked at the door.‎ ‎49．After he arrived in England，Marx worked(work) hard to improve his English.‎ ‎50．We had hoped(hope) that you would come，but you didn’t.‎ ‎[单元知识链接高考试题]‎ ‎【专题一】名词和代词 ‎【考情分析】‎ ‎(1)名词在高考中的考查重点：‎ ‎1．名词词义辨析 ‎2．名词的数 ‎3．名词作定语 ‎4. 名词所有格 ‎5. 抽象名词具体化 ‎6. 名词与冠词的结合 ‎(2)代词在高考中的考查重点：‎ ‎1．考查它们在特定结构中的用法，如：anyone，both，neither，nothing等与从句相结合。‎ ‎2．考查any，some，all，none，other，another等不定代词在特定语境中的意义和功能差别。‎ ‎3．it，one，that，ones，those作替代词的用法区别。‎ ‎4．it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。‎ ‎5．each，every，any的用法。‎ ‎6.no one,nobody,nothing 和none的区别 ‎7.other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别 ‎8.all ,both, either, neither, one的区别 ‎【知识归纳】‎ 名词 考点一 名词辨析 ‎1.注意一词多义的名词.‎ ‎2.注意形似意异名词 ‎3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。‎ 考点二 名词的数 ‎1．可数与不可数名词 名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。许多名词通常是不可数的，但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。 ‎ ‎(1)物质名词一般不可数，如：milk，gold，coffee，beer，但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an icecream(一份冰淇淋)，a light rain(一阵小雨)。‎ ‎(2) 抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。‎ difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事 experience 经验；an experience 一次经历 failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事 knowledge 知识；a good knowledge ‎ 丰富的知识 success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事 surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。‎ His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。‎ ‎(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义 time 时间 times 次数；时代；倍数 glass玻璃 glasses 眼镜 wood 木头 woods 树林 ‎ sand 沙子 sands 沙滩 paper 纸 papers 试卷；论文；报纸 wish 愿望 wishes 问候 如：She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。‎ Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。‎ It is bad manners to talk with his mouth full. 说话时满嘴食物是不礼貌的。‎ ‎2.常用作复数的名词 people, police, goods (货物)，trousers, glasses (眼镜)，clothes, congratulations, preparations, tears, repairs, regards(问候), sports等。‎ ‎3.单复数同形的名词 sheep (羊), deer (鹿), fish (鱼)，bison(犀牛)，Chinese (中国人), Japanese (日本人), Swiss (瑞士人)，means (方法)，aircraft (飞机)，works (工厂)等。‎ ‎4.可作单数也可以作复数的名词 family, team, committee, crew, public, group, class, government, company, party 等。以上名词若看作一个整体作单数，谓语动词用单数；若看作一个集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ 考点三 名词所有格与名词作定语 ‎1．名词的格 ‎(1)带’s的所有格形式，一般只适用于以下几类名词：‎ ‎①有生命的名词，表示所属关系：children’s book儿童书籍，Lucy’s room露茜的房间。‎ ‎②表示时间的名词：yesterday’s paper昨天的报纸，an hour’s lecture一个小时的演讲。‎ ‎③表示距离的名词：ten kilometers’ walk ‎10公里的路程。‎ ‎④表示长度的名词：100 meters’ distance ‎100米的距离。‎ ‎⑤表示地点的名词： Beijing’s industry 北京的工业 ‎⑥表示价格的名词： 10 dollars’ worth 10美元的价值 ‎(2)of ＋n.所有格，一般适用于无生命的名词或当名词短语太长时。如：‎ the students of our school我们学校的学生。‎ the development of industry 工业的发展。‎ ‎(3)双重所有格 比较：a photo of my father’s (我父亲所有照片中的一张，不一定是他本人的照片)‎ a photo of my father (表示我父亲本人的照片)‎ ‎2．名词作定语 ‎(1)名词作定语一般用单数,如boy students 男学生，girl player 女选手。但是名词woman, man作定语且修饰复数名词时，作定语的名词也用复数。如：‎ men teachers男老师，women doctors女医生。‎ ‎(2)“名词作定语”与“名词所有格作定语”的区别：‎ ‎①名词可以位于另一个名词前面作定语。名词定语在逻辑上表示中心词的用途(职能)、材料、‎ 来源、时间， 还可以与中心词构成主语－补语、整体－部分、宾语－动作者等关系。如：a shoe shop鞋店，a stone wall 石墙，a mountain plant 高山植物，August weather八的月的天气，a girl friend女朋友，a street sweeper 扫路机， telephone number电话号码，evening dress 晚礼服， coffee cup咖啡杯等。‎ ‎②名词所有格是表示一种所有关系。一般来说只有下列名词才有所有格形式：有生命的名词、集体名词、度量(重量、价格、距离、长度、时间等)名词以及国家、城市、地区等名词后可加’s构成所有格。例如：ten minutes’ walk 10分钟的路程，today’s newspaper今天的报纸，Beijing’s street 北京的街道，Tom’s home汤姆的家等。‎ 代词 考点一 it, that, one(s), those的用法 ‎1．it代替的是前面提到的同一事物，即同名同物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词， 也可以是不可数名词。如： ‎ I’d like to look at that atlas. May I borrow it?我想看看那张地图，我能借用一下吗(it代替可数名词atlas)？‎ ‎2．one叫作泛指代词 代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个， 所代替名词是可数名词单数， 其前可带冠词与修饰语。如果代替复数名词，则用ones。如： ‎ ‎①The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today.‎ 人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。 (one代替可数名词problem) ‎ ‎②—Which jackets are yours? ‎ ‎“哪些是你的夹克？”‎ ‎—The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets)‎ ‎“这些白色的。”‎ ‎3．that叫作特指代词 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，后面常有限制性定语。如： ‎ ‎①The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school. ‎ 我们学校的校医比你学校的要年轻。(that代替可数名词doctor，相当于the one) ‎ ‎②The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. ‎ 这周的天气比上周的天气要坏。(that代替不可数名词weather) ‎ ‎4．those是that的复数形式 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代复数名词，相当于the ones。如： ‎ The computers in your office are more expensive than those / the ones in our school. ‎ 你办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。(those代替复数名词computers)‎ no one, nobody, nothing和none的用法区别 考点二 no one,nobody,nothing 和none 的用法 ‎1．no one＝nobody 意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如：‎ ‎—Who is in the classroom?‎ ‎“是谁在教室？”‎ ‎—No one. ‎ ‎“没有人。”‎ ‎2．nothing 意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。如：‎ ‎—What’s in the cave? ‎ ‎“洞里面有什么？”‎ ‎—Nothing.‎ ‎“什么都没有。”‎ ‎3. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与 of 连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”，上下文已明确的情况下，也可省略of短语。常用来回答 how much 和 how many 引导的疑问句。如：‎ ‎ They were all tired, but none (of them) would stop to have a rest. ‎ 他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。‎ 考点三 other, another, others, any other, the other 的区别 ‎1．other 表示泛指，意为“另外的、其他的”‎ 常与复数名词。如果前面有 the, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如：‎ ‎ I have no other place to go. 我再也没有别的地方可去。‎ ‎2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如： ‎ ‎①This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). 这顶帽子对我来说太小了。再给我拿一顶。‎ ‎②We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们店里还需要三位助手。‎ ‎3．others：相当于复数名词，是“other＋复数名词” 的一种变式，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如：‎ ‎ He has more concern for others than for himself. ‎ 比起自己来说，他更关心他人。‎ ‎4. any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。如：‎ ‎ China is far larger than any other country in Asia. ‎ 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大得多。‎ ‎5．the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如：‎ ‎ No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. ‎ 因为双方都不向另一方让步，所以讨论没有达成任何协议。‎ 考点四 all ,both, either, neither, one的区别 ‎1．all 与 both均表示“都”，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。 ‎ ‎2．neither 与 either 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”；而 either 表肯定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如： ‎ ‎①Both teams were in hard training; neither is willing to lose the game. ‎ 这两支球队都在刻苦训练。哪一方都不愿意输掉这次比赛。‎ ‎②—Do you want tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是喝咖非？‎ ‎—Either. I really don’t mind. 啥也行，我其实不介意。‎ ‎3．none表示三者以上的人或物都不，经常与of短语连用。有时none也可表示不可数名词。如：‎ None of them has seen me before. 以前他们没有一个人见过我。‎ None of the money belongs to me. 这些钱都不属于我。‎ 考点五 it 用法 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 ‎ ‎1．代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： ‎ That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 ‎ ‎2．当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。 如：‎ ‎ It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ ‎ ‎3．it作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： ‎ It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 ‎ ‎4．it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：‎ ‎ How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ ‎ ‎5. it充当形式主语或形式宾语。 ‎ it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、ing分词结构或名词性从句。 如：‎ ‎①It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to make a living. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。 (形式主语)‎ ‎②We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 (形式宾语)‎ ‎6．it用于强调结构。其基本句型为：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他……。‎ ‎① It is I who have done it.是我做的这件事。‎ ‎②It was at that time that I thought of giving him a call. 直到那时我才想起要给他一个电话。‎ ‎7．it还可在介词后占有宾语的位置，然后通过that引出一个介词宾语从句。如：‎ ‎①You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。‎ ‎②They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。‎ ‎【考点例析】‎ ‎1. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.【2012湖北卷】‎ A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow ‎1. A考查名词辨析。句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。‎ ‎2. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. 【2012湖北卷】‎ A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective ‎2. B 考查名词辨析。句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。‎ ‎3. — Can I help you with it?‎ ‎— I appreciate your_____, but I can manage it myself. 【2012江苏卷】‎ A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea ‎3. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：——我可以帮你吗？——我感激你的提议 “offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。‎ ‎4．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future______. 【2012江西 卷】 .‎ ‎ A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory ‎4.B 考查词义辨析。句意：你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。‎ ‎5. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.【2012四川卷】‎ A. luck B. value C. time D. fact ‎5. C 本题考查名词辨析。句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。‎ ‎6. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city. 【2012全国II】‎ A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand ‎6.D本题考查名词辨析。此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：《哈利波特》很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。‎ 代词:‎ ‎7. My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____was available from that shop. 【2012江西卷】 A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither ‎7.B 考查不定代词。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。‎ ‎8.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?‎ ‎ -_________.I’ll be off to London then. 【2012重庆卷】‎ ‎ A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None ‎8. B 考查不定代词用法。根据答语“I’ll be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。‎ ‎9. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get _____for me?‎ A. one B. such C. this D. that ‎9. A 考查代词的用法。句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.‎ ‎10. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 【2012陕西卷】‎ ‎ A. him B this C. that D. it ‎ ‎10.D 考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。‎ ‎【方法技巧】‎ 名词的复习方法：‎ 1. 熟记近义名词的辨析 2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等 3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化 4. 掌握名词的所有格单复数形式 5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复 1. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用 代词的复习方法：‎ ‎1.明确指代。在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：‎ ‎（1）代词指代的是人还是物；‎ ‎（2）代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；‎ ‎（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念; ‎ ‎（4）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。‎ ‎（5）代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。‎ ‎2.理清逻辑。需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:‎ ‎（1）代词所表示的范围；‎ ‎（2）代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。‎ ‎3 吃透语境。有些ＮＭＥＴ试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用，这样的题目须分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案，忌死抠语法。‎ ‎【专题训练】‎ ‎1. Most female workers in Beijing suffer from________connected to the global financial crisis, according to a recent survey.‎ A. curiosity　　　　　　　B. eagerness C. Thirst D. anxiety ‎2. Charles Dickens wrote many novels to call________to social problems at that time.‎ A. Interest B. attention C. notice D. mind ‎3. His story of the accident does not make any________.He is telling a lie.‎ A．Difference B．sense C．Excuse D．point ‎4．—What do you think of the TV play “The Meteor Garden”？‎ ‎—I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our________.‎ A. Mind B. point C. reach D. sight ‎5．—Who did you spend last weekend with?‎ ‎—________.‎ A. Palmer’s B. The Palmer C. The Palmers D. The Palmer ‎ ‎6．lf you don’ take away all your things from the desk，there won’t be enough________for my stationery.‎ A. Area B. place C. Room D. surface ‎7．We all know that________speak louder than words.‎ A. Movements B. performances C. Operations D. actions ‎8. When it comes to a close friendship, your gift can’t be just________. It must be special.‎ A. something B. anything C. Nothing D. everything ‎9．—I wonder if I can use your camera.‎ ‎—I don’t have________. But my roommate does.He bought________last month.‎ A．one；one B．it；one C．it；it D．one；it ‎10. Little Franz had hoped to get to school on time but found at the last minute that he couldn’t________.‎ A．help it B．make it C．hope for that D．get that ‎11．—Are there any tickets left?‎ ‎—Sorry. There are________if________.‎ A. few; any B．a few; some C．some ; few D．any; some ‎12．—Daniel! The alarm clock has been ringing for almost a minute.‎ ‎—Oh, Mum! Can I sleep________minutes?‎ A．another five B．more five C.five another D．five other ‎13．—Anything wrong?‎ ‎—There was no objection on the part of________present.‎ A. this B. those C. These D. who ‎14．—Of the several suits, which one is your favorite?‎ ‎—________. I like plain clothes.‎ A. None B. Neither C. Not all D. No one ‎15. Within industries，companies are always trying to develop products that are one step better than________of other companies. ‎ A．one B．that C．Those D．it ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1-5DBBCC 6-10CDBDB 11-15AABAC