2020届二轮专题辅导与测试：专题5短文改错第一部分专题五课件

2020届二轮专题辅导与测试：专题5短文改错第一部分专题五课件

第一部分 高考专题突破 专题五　短文改错 A (2019· 全国卷 I) I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 感悟高考 答案 I became interestinginterested in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon wherewhen I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly ∧ afootball fell just in front of me butand almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardlyhard back to the playground. To everyone’s surprisingsurprise, the ball went into the net. All the football playerplayers on the playground cheered loudly, saysaying that I had a talent for football. From nowthen on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 第一句： interesting → interested 　句意为 “ 由于一次小意外 ， 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。 ” interesting 意为 “ 令人感兴趣的 ” ， interested 意为 “ 感兴趣的 ” ， 主语 I 与动词 interest 为被动关系 ， 因此将 interesting 改为 interested 。 第二句： where → when 　本句是含有定语从句的复合句 ， 先行词是 one afternoon ， 关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语 ， 所以此处应用表示时间的 when 。 第三句： football 前加 a ； but → and 　 football 是可数名词 ， 前面用不定冠词 a 表示泛指； “ 足球落到我的面前 ” 与 “ 我几乎被砸中了 ” 是并列关系 ， 不表示转折 ， 故将 but 改为 and 。 第四句： hardly → hard 　句意为 “ 我截住了球并用力地将它踢回操场 ” 。 hardly 意为 “ 几乎不 ” ， hard 意为 “ 用力地 ” ， 故将 hardly 改为 hard 。 第五句： surprising → surprise 　 to sb. ’ s surprise 是固定结构 ， 意为 “ 使某人惊讶的是 ” ， 因此将 surprising 改为 surprise 。 第六句： player → players ； say → saying 　 all 后面应用 player 的复数形式；主语 All the football players 与 say 为主动关系 ， 故用动词 ing 作伴随状语 ， 因此将 say 改成 saying 。 第七句： now → then ；去掉 my 　本文讲述的是过去的事情 ， 所以应用 from then on “ 从那时起 ” ； play 后跟球类运动名词时 ， 名词前不加任何成分。 B (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Since I was a kid, I ’ ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 答案 Since I was a kid, I ’ ve considered different jobjobs I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked socoollycool.Then, when I was in the fivefifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teachertoovery/somuch. When I studied chemistry ∧ in/athigh school, I reconsidered my goal orand decided to be a doctor.TheyThere were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazingamazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other iswas that I wanted to help people in need. 第一句： job → jobs 　 job 是可数名词 ，其前有 different 修饰 ， “ 不同的工作 ” 是复数概念 ， 故此处用 jobs 。 第二句： coolly → cool 　 looked “ 看起来 ” 是系动词 ， 后接形容词作表语。 第三句： five → fifth 　表示 “ 五年级 ” ， 应用序数词 fifth 修饰 grade ， 不用基数词。 too → very/so very much/so much 表示程度 “ 很 ， 非常 ” ， 而 too much 意为 “ 太过分 ” ， 不符合语境。 第四句： high 前加 in/at 　此处 high school 前加介词 in/at 才能作状语。 or → and 　由 “ 再次考虑目标 ” 和 “ 决定当医生 ” 是顺承关系 ，故将表示选择关系的 or 改为 and 。 第五句： They → There 　此处是 there be 句型表示 “ 有 ” 。 第六句： amazing → amazed 　 ed 分词形容词描述人的感受或情绪 ， ing 分词形容词描述使人产生某种情绪的起因。此处描述的是人的感受或情绪 “ 感到惊奇的 ” ；主语 I 和 amaze 是被动关系。故将 amazing 改为 amazed 。去掉 more much 修饰 well 的比较级 better ， 表示程度。 第七句： is → was 　此处作者讲述的是上中学时的事情 ， 提到两个原因 ， 上文用的 One was that... ， 那么此处 And the other... 应与之一致 ， 也应用 was 。 考情感悟 [ 考题分布 ] 考查点 年份　　　 · 卷别　　 错词 多词、缺词 名 词 冠 词 代 词 介 词 形容 词、副词 谓语 动词 非谓 语动词 并列 连词 从句 引导词 情态 动词 数词 冠词 代词 介词 谓语 动词 连词 非谓 语动词 情态 动词 副词 2019 全国 卷 Ⅰ 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 全国 卷 Ⅱ 1 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 全国 卷 Ⅲ 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2018 全国 卷 Ⅰ 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 全国 卷 Ⅱ 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 全国 卷 Ⅲ 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2017 全国 卷 Ⅰ 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 全国 卷 Ⅱ 1 1 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 全国 卷 Ⅲ 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 合计 10 4 6 2 18 12 6 6 6 0 1 5 1 6 1 1 2 1 2 [ 命题分析 ] 短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是 100 词左右。 析 题型 ——2 大原则表 表 Ⅰ 　短文改错解题意识原则表 —— 答题就按此法办 短文改错 10 处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词 2 ～ 3 个，错词 7 ～ 8 个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。见下表： 应试策略 类型 总数 (10) 常考点 多、缺词 2 ～ 3 be 的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词 错词 7 ～ 8 并列连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等 表 Ⅱ 　规范解题原则表 —— 做题牢记四原则 改动处以最少为原则 实词以改变词形为原则 虚词以添加或删除为原则 以保持句子原意不变为原则 　　短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词。 　　在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。 　　历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方有 2 至 3 处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词 ( 如冠词、介词等 ) ，不是实词 ( 如动词、名词等 ) ，否则会改变句子的原意。 　　做短文改错题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意，做到 “ 换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意 ” 。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其最佳者而从之。 解题流程 命题点 1 　依据词法设题 高考示例 1 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. 【 解析 】 　 interesting → interested 。考查形容词用法。 “ interest( 使感兴趣；使关注 ) ” 的形容词有 interesting( 使人感兴趣的 ) 常修饰物；与 interested( 表现出兴趣的 ) 常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件 ， 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是 I ， 故将 interesting 改为 interested 。 题型解读 2 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. 【 解析 】 　 football 前面加上 a 。考查冠词。名词 football 为可数名词 ， 前边需要有限定词。这里 football 第一次出现 ， 故在 football 前加 a 。 3 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Since I was a kid, I ’ ve considered different job I would like to do. 【 解析 】 　 job → jobs 。考查名词的数。 “ job( 工作；职业 ) ” 为可数名词 ， 用 different( 不同的 ) 修饰时意思为不同种类的工作 ， 应该用名词的复数形式。故将 job 改为 jobs 。 4 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 【 解析 】 　 chemistry 后面加上 in/at 。考查介词。 “ 在高中 ” 需要用介词 in 或者 at ， 故在 high school 前加 in/at 。 5 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. 【 解析 】 　 manage → managing 。考查非谓语动词作宾语。 succeed in doing something “ 成功地做了某事 ” 。故把 manage 改为 managing 。 技法点拨 词法的测试包括：名词的单复数和名词的所有格；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词；情态动词；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例 ，我们需要特别注意。对于这类题，我们要仔细分析句子成分，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。 命题点 2 　依据句法设题 高考示例 1 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【 解析 】 　 where → when 。考查定语从句的关系词。先行词 one afternoon 表示时间 ， 在定语从句中作状语 ， 所以关系词使用 when 。故将 where 改为 when 。 2 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) They were two reasons for the decision. 【 解析 】 　 They → There 。考查 there be 句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的 they 在前边句中找不到指代关系 ， 且后边句子中的 one 与 the other 是对这两个原因的解释。故将 they 改为 there 。 3 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty” ． 【 解析 】 　 cafe 后面加上 to 。考查动词的固定搭配。 want sb. to do sth. “ 想要某人做某事 ” 。故在 have 前加 to 。 技法点拨 句法的测试包括：固定句型；主谓一致；名词性从句中的连接词的运用 ， 定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的运用和强调句等；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关 ， 所以难度较大。 命题点 3 　依据语篇逻辑关系设题 高考示例 1 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. 【 解析 】 　 but → and 。考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。 “ 足球落下来 ” 与 “ 打到我 ” 两个动作是顺承关系 ， 不是转折关系。故将 but 改为 and 。 2 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. 【 解析 】 　 or → and 。考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候 ， 我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 “ 重新考虑 ” 与 “ 决定变成一名医生 ” 之间是顺承关系 ， 不是选择关系。故将 or 改为 and 。 3 ． (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them. 【 解析 】 　 yourselves → themselves 。考查反身代词的用法。 customers 是句子的主语 ， 故把 yourselves 改为 themselves ， 以便前后逻辑一致。 技法点拨 语篇的测试包括：上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。判断这类错误 ， 要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句 ， 要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系 ， 从而选择恰当的连词。 若为复合句 ， 应首先判断属于哪一种从句 ， 然后根据主、从句之间的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用正确与否。 (2019· 石家庄一模 ) March 5th is a day in honor of Lei Feng, who people are called on to help others. On the morning of that day this year, our class met the school gate and went to a Hope Primary School by the bus. Upon arriving there, they gave us a warmly welcome. We gave the students some books, food or clothes. And then, we played several game with them and told them stories. Before we leave, we took a photo with them. See their smiling faces, we both felt a sense of happiness. We went home and promised to go back whenever possible. How an unforgettable experience it was! 答案 March 5th is a day in honor of Lei Feng ， whowhenpeople are called on to help others. On the morning of that day this year, our class met ∧ at the school gate and went to a Hope Primary School by the bus. Upon arriving there, they gave us awarmlywarmwelcome. We gave the students some books, foodorandclothes. And then, we played severalgamegameswith them and told them stories. Before weleaveleft, we took a photo with them.SeeSeeingtheir smiling faces, webothall felt a sense of happiness. We went home and promised to go back whenever possible.HowWhatan unforgettable experience it was! (2019· 合肥第二次教研质量检测 ) Last Saturday our class went hiking in a countryside. We meet at our school gate and set off at 8 ： 00 a ． m.. On the way, we were singing and laughing happily while a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole. She felt so frightening and even burst into tears. One of my classmate found a long rope and we finally got him out. Fortunately, she didn ’ t suffer seriously injuries, but it seemed that her ankle slightly twisted. We managed to sending her to the nearest hospital. It is an experience we’ll never forget it, though we didn ’ t enjoy ourselves very much that day. 答案 Last Saturday our class went hiking inathecountryside. Wemeetmet at our school gate and set off at 8 ： 00 a ． m.. On the way, we were singing and laughing happilywhilewhen a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole. She felt sofrighteningfrightened and even burst into tears. One of myclassmateclassmatesfound a long rope and we finally gothimherout. Fortunately, she didn ’ t sufferseriouslyserious injuries, but it seemed that her ankle ∧ was slightly twisted. We managed tosendingsend her to the nearest hospital. It is an experience we ’ ll never forget it ， though we didn ’ t enjoy ourselves very much that day. (2019· 郑州第一次质量预测 ) Last year my class went on the trip to the mountains for skiing. We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience. When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm. At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway. When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again. The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve. But it didn ’ t and soon we really felt very frightening. Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag. I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us. 答案 Last year my class went onthea trip to the mountains for skiing. Wehavehad already been to the same place the year before and it had been awonderfullywonderful experience. When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terriblestormstorms. At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but wedecidedecidedto go anyway. When we got to the mountain top ， thatit started snowing again. The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate themsincewhen/while/aswe were waiting for the weather to improve. But it didn’t and soon we really felt veryfrighteningfrightened. Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag. I called the emergency services, ∧ and at last they sent a helicopter to save us. (2019· 新疆第一次适应性考试 ) Dormitory life is part of college life. But sometime the harmony in the dormitory is disturbed in one way or another. What is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefit all the members. On one hand you can have a good rest and put your hearts into study. On the other hand, you will have a good mood and enjoy being together. There are several ways create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your lifestyle and try to get rid of your bad habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoyed situation arises, you ’ ll just have to learn to tolerate each other or coexist. Thirdly, you ’ ll have to share with each other and make the good friends. On conclusion, you should try your best to build a harmonious dormitory life for our college life. 答案 Dormitory life is part of college life. Butsometimesometimesthe harmony in the dormitory is disturbed in one way or another.WhatAs is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students andbenefitbenefitsall the members. On one hand you can have a good rest and put yourheartsheart into study. On the other hand, you will have a good mood and enjoy being together. There are several ways ∧ to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your lifestyle and try to get rid of your bad habits, if there are any. Secondly, when anannoyedannoyingsituation arises, you ’ ll just have to learn to tolerate each otherorandcoexist. Thirdly, you ’ ll have to share with each other and make the good friends. OnIn conclusion, you should try your best to build a harmonious dormitory life forouryourcollege life.