2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（38页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（38页word解析版）

2019 届 一 轮 复 习 人 教 版 选 修 八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元学案 一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．patent n．　　　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木 4．powder n. 粉末；火药 5．perfume n. 香水；香味　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏听写] 6．version n．　　　　 　　 版本；译本 7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度 10．string n. 线；绳子；一串 11．glue n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏听写] 12．greengrocer n．　　　　 蔬菜水果商 (pl.) 蔬菜水果店 13．refrigerator n. 冰箱 14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 16．multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏听写] 17．dynamic adj.　　　　 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的； 发展变化的 18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 19．helicopter n. 直升飞机 20．cube n. 立方体；立方 21．cubic adj. 立方的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第五屏听写] 1．distinguish vi.&vt.　 　 显示……的差别；使……有所 不同；辨别 2．merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 3．product n. 产品 4．abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 5．abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏听写] 6．convenient adj.　　 　　 便利的；方便的；就近的 7．caution n. 小心；谨慎 8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 9．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 10．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏听写] 11．merrily adv.　　　 高兴地；愉快地 12．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 14．claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张 15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏听写] 16．competence n．　 　 能力；胜任；本领 17．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 18．ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的 19．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第九屏听写] 21．dial vt.　　　　　　 拨(电话) 22．rainfall_ n. 降雨 23．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 24．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 25．forehead n. 额头 26．occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十屏听写] 27．tap vt.&vi.　　　　 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 28．current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 29．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 30．invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的 31．associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十一屏听写] 32．practical_ adj.　　 　 实际的；实践的；实用的 33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做) 36．call_up 给……打电话 37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 38．set_about 开始；着手　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第十一屏听写] 39．hang_on_　　　　　　 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障 41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法) 做完；通过 42．ring_back 回复电话 43．ring_off_ 挂断电话 二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关 (一)核心单词 阅读单 词 1.patent n．　　　专利证书； 专利权 2．courtyardn. 院 子；庭院；天井 6.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜 水果店 7．jam n. 堵塞； 阻塞；果酱 10.personnel n.人力资源；人 事部；全体人员 11．multiple adj. 多种的； 3．perfumen. 香水； 香味 4．cube n. 立方体； 立方 5．string n. 线； 绳子；一串 8．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 9．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力 充沛的；动态的； 发展变化的 多样的；多类型 的 　　　n. 倍数 12．extension n. 电话分机； 扩大；延伸 表 达 单 词 1.dial vt.　　　　　　　 拨(电话) 2．claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张 3．abrupt adj. 突 然的；意外的 4．merryadj. 愉快 的；高兴的 5．merrilyadv. 高 兴地；愉快地 6．seize vt. 抓住； 捉住；夺 7．file n. 文件； 档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将…… 归档 8．validadj. 有效 的；确凿的 9．ripe adj. 成熟 [语境活用] 1．Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work. 2．The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside. 3．I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practice my spoken English. 4．You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)． 5．We believe that only a stable (稳 定的) and fully confident middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong. 6．The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through 的；熟的 10．bear vt. 忍受； 忍耐；负担 11．tap v. 轻打； 轻拍；轻敲 　 n. 轻轻地敲击 (声)；(水)龙头 12．stableadj. 稳 固的；稳定的；安定 的 13．current n. (水 或气)流；电流 　　　adj. 现在的； 当前的 14．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被 动语态的 15．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 16．rainfalln. 降 雨 17．foreheadn. 额 头 newspapers for current ( 当前的) affairs. 7．The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy. 8．You could hear them singing and dancing merrily ( 愉快地) out in the street. 拓 展 1.distinguish v．显 示……的差别； [语境活用] 1 ． He is a cautious man and is 单 词 使……有所不同；辨 别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的 2．merciful adj.宽 大的；仁慈的；慈悲 的→merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的→ mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 3．product n．产品→ produce v．生产→ producer n．生产者； 制片人 4．convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就 近的→convenience n．方便；便利→ conveniently adv. 便利地 5．caution n．小心； 谨慎→cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的→ cautiously adv.小 心地；谨慎地 6．expectation n．预 料；期待；期望→ always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution) 2．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient) 3．In western countries, the number “ thirteen ” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them. (associate) 4 ． If nobody can prove your innocence,_how can you say you are innocent？(innocent) 5．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn't like.(mercy) 6 ． The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect) expect v．预料；期 待；期望；认为 7．recognition n．认 出；认可；承认→ recognize vt.认出； 承认 8．freezing adj.冰 冻的；严寒的→ freeze v．冰冻→ frozen adj.冻结的 9．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确 定；身份证明→ identity n．身份； 同一性→identical adj.同一的；完全相 同的→identify v．确定；鉴别 10．innocent adj.清 白的；天真的；无罪 的→innocence n．天 真；清白 11．occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地 →occasional adj. 7．It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze) 8．This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion) 9 ． Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice) 偶然的→occasion n．时机；机会；场 合 12．associate vt.联 想；联系 n．同伴； 伙伴→association n．联系；联盟；协 会 13．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实 用的→practice n．& vt.实践；练习 (二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.ring_back　　　　　　回复电 话 2．ring_off 挂断电话 3．set_about 开始；着手 4．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 5．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做) 6．call_up 给……打电话；使想 起 7．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一 心投入 8．hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧 1.It was before I had time to speak that he rang_off. 2．He has been diving_into the history of Chinese literature. 3．Benjamin Franklin set_about learning the printer's trade at an early age. 4 ． After being divided into groups, we set_out to work at once. 5．The electrical toy father 握住 9．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发 生故障 10．get_through 设法联系上(尤 指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 bought for her has gone out_of_order. 6．After that, he knew he could get_through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. 7．If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother. (三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶 状物，冷却后会冻结。 连词＋过去 分词。 尽管累了，但他还是 不停下来。 Though_tired,_he didn't stop at all. 2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除 非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很 难被接受。 so ...that ...引导结 果状语从句。 他的发明如此实用以 至于很快就获得了专 利。 His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent. 3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉 中你就会发现某种值得思考的 东西占据着你的头脑。 祈使句＋ and/or ... ＋陈述句。 好好学习，天天向上。 Work_hard,_and_you _will make progress every day. 一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点 1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨 别 [教材原句]　Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既 可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。 (1)distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 [题点全练]　单句语法填空 ①It's important to distinguish reality from dreams. ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. ③As far as we all know, she has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach in the world. ④On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a well­known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions. ⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished for his scientific achievements. 2．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生 育；结果实 [教材原句]　I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. 我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。 [练牢基点]　写出下列句中 bear 的含义 ①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担 ②He can't bear being laughed at in public.忍受 ③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ④Some of the newly­planted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实 [系统考点] (1) bear doing/to do sth.　　　　　 忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.'s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 (2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that ... 记住…… [练通重点]　单句语法填空 ⑤I can't bear young people casting (cast) away their youth. ⑥Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure. 3．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴，伙伴 [教材原句]　Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. 虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停 息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。 (1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系 be associated with 与……有关 (2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团 in association with 与……联合/有关联 [题点全练]　单句语法填空 ①If you associate with positive­thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. ② There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking. ③We are working in association_(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Seize (抓住) the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 2．He took measures to make up his fault, which received our recognition (认可)． 3．My father always comes up with a practical (实际的) solution to my problem. 4．The train came to an abrupt (突然的) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats. 5．Do the bride's parents have to bear (承担) the cost of the wedding? 6．I let my parents down. In other words, I didn't live up to their expectation (期望) of me. 7．When the couple turned forty, they were laid off. With no stable (稳定的) income they found they were really badly off and could hardly make ends meet. 8．She likes inventing things and she has applied for a patent (专利)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) right from wrong. 2 ． He can't bear people smoking (smoke) while he's eating. 3．We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities. 4．If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others. 5．The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job. 6．The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists. 7．The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket. 8．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed. Ⅲ.根据提示词补全(或翻译)句子 1．色盲的人很难区分蓝色和绿色。(distinguish) Color ­ blind people often find it difficult to_distinguish_between_blue_and_green. 2．妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。(bear) My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success. 3．你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？(convenient) Would it be_convenient_for_you_to_pick_me_up at four o'clock and take me to the airport? 4．如果他那时抓住了那次机会，他现在就会是这个新部门的经 理了。(seize) If_he_had_seized_the_opportunity_at_that_time,_he would be the new department manager now. 5．记忆总是和我们的情感联系在一起的。(associate) Memories_are_always_associated_with_our_feelings. 二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼 1．call up 给……打电话；使想起 [教材原句]　When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很不安。 call off　　　　　　 取消；停止 call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人) call at 拜访(某地) call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 选用上述短语填空 ①The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. ②Don't let anything call_off your attention from your studies. ③Success in school calls_for much hard work. ④The government calls_on the workers to oppose waste. 2．getthrough 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过； 度过；用完；耗尽 [经典例句]　I've been trying to ring up for a long time and I couldn't get through. 我拨了很长时间的电话，但总是接不通。 [一词多义]　写出下列句中 get through 的含义 ①My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning.(设法)做完 ②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话 ③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过 ④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 [归纳拓展] get (sth.) across (to sb.) 使(某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展 get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over　　　　 熬过；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过 来 ⑤ According to Lee, it was Ben's carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing. 根据李所说的，正是本的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，本侥幸 逃脱了罪责。 3．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东 西占据着你的头脑。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句 (2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句 ＝If ...not ...，＋主句 (3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 ① Follow_your_doctor's_advice,_and you will get better soon. 遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。 ②Don't leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined. 不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。 ③A few minutes earlier, and_I_could_have_seen the famous scientist. 要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。 Ⅰ.短语填空 out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up 1．I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2．When I asked if I was speaking to the manager Jones, he simply rang_off. 3．A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring. 4 ． As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons. 5．We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam. 6 ． I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out. 7 ． The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year. 8 ．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．If it is convenient for you, you can come and see me. →Come_and_see_me whenever it's convenient for you. 2 ． The boy later went up to his teacher and said “sorry” because he was greatly touched by his words. →Greatly touched_by_his_teacher's_words,_the boy later went up to him and said “sorry”． 3．He walked so fast that I couldn't keep up with him. →So fast did_he_walk that I couldn't keep up with him. 4．As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. → Worried_about_the_journey,_I was unsettled for the first few days. 5．She found that the door was broken in when she came back home. →She found the door broken_in when she came back home. Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 1．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国 人永远地记住了。(so ...that ...) Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_that_he_was_remember ed_by Chinese forever. 2．除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连 词＋分词) Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers. 3．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的 一些问题。(only 开头的倒装句) Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_ be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world. 4．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seems ...) There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him _in_the_world. 5．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。 (祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_can't_ catch_what_he_is_saying. 三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹 (一)单元小语法——复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1 ． The girl dressed (dress) in red is Kelly's good friend. 2．The boy's father was very disappointed (disappoint) to hear his son's poor academic record. 3．The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve. 4．He became excited (excite) when he heard the news that his school basketball team had won the match. 5．The girl referred (refer) to looks forward to buying a gold watch. 6 ． When I came into the classroom, I found Li Ming seated(seat) at his desk. 7．There is almost nothing changed_(change) since I left the town two years ago. 8．They are going to have the entrance hall painted (paint) white. Ⅱ.补全或翻译句子 (注意使用分词) 1．老师对实验结果很满意。 The teacher_is_pleased_with the result of the experiment. 2．屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。 The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered_with_snow. 3．当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。 When I got up and went into the yard, I_saw_the_risen_sun. 4．这位年轻老师在学生中很受欢迎，由于他总是努力使他们对 他的课感兴趣。 The young teacher is very popular among his students as he always tries_to_make_them_interested_in his lectures. 5．张教授做的报告是关于环境保护的。 The_lecture_given_by_Professor_Zhang_is_about_environme ntal_protection. (二)课堂微写作——读后续写 [题目要求] 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故 事。 I went off to college with little money so I needed a job. I found a part­time job. The job I had was cleaning_toilets in a dormitory. I didn't like the job very much, but I needed the money. It was good, honest work and nothing to be ashamed of. Sometimes, I would wonder why I couldn't have been born rich? Maybe it was fate? My great­grandfather Sundstrom left Sweden and headed to Iowa many years ago. Great­grandpa Sundstrom accompanied by his wife and five_children boarded a boat and floated for days and days before arriving in New York. The voyage was made to seem even longer thanks to the seasickness of every family member. Once in New York, they boarded a_train and headed towards the state. Algona was their destination. My great­grandparents had saved as much money as possible in order to give themselves a good start once they arrived in Iowa and had begun a_new_life. They spoke no English, only Swedish, but they had a sponsor in Algona who would be helping them adjust to their new home. Then an odd thing happened. My great­grandpa Sundstrom needed to use the bathroom on the train. The old toilets on the train had a pretty simple system. Whatever went into the toilet went right out onto the tracks. When my great­grandpa came out of the bathroom, he discovered that his_wallet was missing. He went back to the bathroom and searched for it. It could not be found. There was no doubt that it had fallen onto the tracks. He talked to the conductor about his loss, but the conductor spoke no Swedish. My great­grandparents were in a country that they knew little. They had five children who needed caring_for. At least they still had their sponsor who had promised my great­grandpa a_job once they arrived in Algona. Great­grandpa had already paid for the train tickets. They spent the trip being hungry. Some kind travelers gave the children crackers and bits of apple. 注意： 1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2．应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： When they arrived in Algona, they were surprised to find that there was no one waiting for them.　 Paragraph 2： My great­grandparents had many difficult years　 参考范文： Paragraph 1： When they arrived in Algona, they were surprised to find that there was no one waiting for them. They thought that perhaps their wires had become crossed with their sponsor. My great­grandparents had nothing but the address of their sponsor. They made their way to their sponsor's home. There they were informed that their sponsor had died and along with him, so had the promise of a_job. Paragraph 2： My great­grandparents had many difficult years but they worked hard. They were proud people who refused to ask for much help. They raised the children right there in Algona,_Iowa. The five_children all graduated from high school. Oh, and what did my great­grandpa Sundstrom do for a living that allowed all of his children to lead rewarding lives? What did he do to make it possible for them to go to college? He cleaned_toilets. 一、单元基础训练(限时 25 分钟) Ⅰ.翻译句子 1．应当教育孩子分辨好坏。(distinguish ... from ...) Children_should_be_taught_to_distinguish_right_from_wro ng._ 2．似乎你是第一个到这儿的。(seem as if) It_seems_as_if_you_are_the_first_one_here. 3．她一到家就开始准备午饭。(set about) As_soon_as_she_got_home,_she_set_about_preparing_lunch. 4．你明天开工方便吗？(convenient) Will_it_be_convenient_for_you_to_start_work_tomorrow? 5．吉姆习惯于早上早起。(be used to) Jim_is_used_to_getting_up_early_in_the_morning. 6．他们正在进行癌症起因的研究。(research into/on) They_are_carrying_out_a_research_into/on_the_causes_of_ cancer. 7．如果你不专心学习的话，你绝不可能通过考试。(never 放句 首) Never_can_you_pass_the_exam_if_you_don't_devote_yoursel f_to_your_study. 8．直到他完成了作业，他才上床睡觉。(not ... until 的强调 句) It_was_not_until_he_finished_his_homework_that_he_went_ to_bed. 9．大多数家庭在那场战争中经历了很多(苦难)。(go through) Most_families_went_through_a_lot_in_the_war. 10．当被提供帮助时，我们应该说“谢谢你”。(过去分词作状语) When_offered_help,_we_should_say_“thank_you”． Ⅱ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc® — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out. Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to come into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food. Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. They're also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future. The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases. Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical Company __14__ to market its Ziploc® brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__. Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave! However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to become more environmentally friendly. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时 指出，为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取措施以使他们的 产品更加环保。 1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：选 A　由第二段开头的“Keeping air away”可知，此处 指把空气阻挡在外面。 2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：选 D　根据下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此处指让空气和食 物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选 foods。 3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：选 C　空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。 break down 意为“分解”。 4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：选 B　如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快 变质。contact 意为“接触”；relation 意为“关系”；connection 意为“连接”；contract 意为“合同”。 5．A.from B．against C．through D．beyond 解析：选 A　keep ... from ...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。 6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：选 D　下文中的“to school for lunch”说明，此处指携 带食物到学校。 7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：选 B　根据句中的“in the refrigerator”及生活常识可 知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。 8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：选 A　本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此 这里指储存食物。 9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：选 C　根据下文中的“started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。 10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．approved 解析：选 B　此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。 11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：选 D　句中 patents 说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。 12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：选 C　根据下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初 情况，故选 originally。eventually 意为“终于”。 13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选 A　最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。 此处表示转折。 14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：选 B　最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。 15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：选 D　文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。 16．A.precious B．expensive C．available D．fashionable 解析：选 C　根据“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，这些袋 子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。 17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：选 B　根据句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可 知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。 18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：选 A　根据“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波 炉中，为的是给食物加热。 19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解 析 ： 选 D 　 根 据 “ because of its effect on the environment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。 20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：选 B　他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。take steps 意为“采取措施”。 二、阅读理解提速练(限时 25 分钟) A We are all fascinated by mysteries. To some extent we love to expect strange phenomena occurring before us. Here are some amazing unsolved mysteries. The Georgia Guidestones On one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County, Georgia stands a giant granite monument (花岗岩纪念碑). Carved in eight different languages on the four giant stones are 10 Guides. The origin of this strange monument is covered in mystery because no one knows the true identity of the man, or men, who constructed it. All we know is that in June 1979, a man identifying himself as R．C.Christian announced that he would build something to convey a message to mankind, but to date, no one knows who R．C.Christian really was. Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean. Many planes, ships, and boats are said to have disappeared in this triangle without a trace, which led to the belief that “supernatural” forces exist in this area of the sea. Could there truly be an unnatural force at work in this geographical triangle or are these disappearances merely coincidence? Either way, numerous people remain unwilling to step over the boundary line into the Devil's Triangle. Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster is a legendary animal that supposedly lives in the depths of Loch Ness, a long narrow lake located in rural Scotland. Stories concerning the monster date back to the 6th century AD. Over the years thousands have reported seeing a long neck appearing from the water with a small head of an unknown creature. Pictures have even been taken of this “creature”， but most scientists refuse to believe any creature of this kind lives in the Loch Ness. So far, the evidence is inadequate, and the controversy continues. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上三大未解 之谜，包括佐治亚州的巨石阵、百慕大三角和尼斯湖水怪。 1．Why is the Georgia Guidestones mysterious? A ． It is on one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County. B．There are eight different languages on the stones. C．The person who built it remains unknown. D．R. C. Christian could convey a message to mankind. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据 The Georgia Guidestones 部分 第二段内容可知，巨石阵很神秘是因为没有人知道是谁建造了它。故 选 C。 2．Why are people unwilling to enter the Bermuda Triangle? A．It is too remote from land. B．The chance of surviving is slim there. C．There are supernatural forces in the area. D．All transportations have disappeared there. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据 BermudaTriangle 部分第一段第 二句可知，在百慕大三角经常有飞机、轮船和小船失踪；由此可推知， 在百慕大三角人们幸存的可能性很小，所以许多人不愿意进入百慕大 三角地带。故选 B。 3．What can we know about Loch Ness Monster? A．It existed in the 6th century AD. B．It is said to have a long neck and a large head. C．It has been living in Loch Ness Lake for a long time. D．People haven't reached an agreement on its existence. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，关于水怪 的故事始于公元 6 世纪，并不是说水怪出现在公元 6 世纪，故排除 A 项；根据最后一段第二句中的“withasmallhead”可知，B 项错误； 根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，大多数科学家都不相信有这种水怪生 活在尼斯湖中，故排除 C 项；根据最后一段最后一句可知，D 项“人 们对它的存在没有达成一致意见”符合原文。故选 D。 B Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected. That's nothing more than a fiction. But could we really clone endangered animals? To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare ox ­ like animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda. Next, could we really clone extinct animals? In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a well­kept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother. In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, it's not likely that extinct animals' DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning such extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly well­preserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother? Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in today's world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well. 语篇解读：本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难 与障碍。即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的栖息地和食物链也已经被破 坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。 4．It can be learned from the text that ________. A．the gaur is an extinct species B．the gaur lives in Asia and is endangered C．scientists have cloned the African bongo antelope D．both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活 在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。 5．The underlined words “a surrogate mother” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to a female who ________. A．gives birth to a baby of its own B．cannot give birth to a baby C．gives birth to a baby for another female D．provides DNA 解析：选 C　词义猜测题。根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的 是，把一种动物的 DNA 提取出来之后，在另外一种动物的体内进行胚 胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为 a surrogate mother，由此判断，画线 部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故 C 项正确。 6 ． In the author's opinion, it is possible that ________. A．all the extinct species may be cloned B．extinct species may be cloned and easily survive C．a gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate mother D．some extinct species may be cloned, but not survive 解析：选 D　推理判断题。本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物 过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克 隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存 的栖息地和食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。由此判断 D 项正确。 C Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting (嫁接) is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually (无性生殖地)． Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yield (产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With higher yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs. Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning. Through cloning scientists can develop super fruits and vegetables of superior (更好的) nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This has already been done through selective pollination (授粉), and genetic cloning could take it to the next level. By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation (繁衍) of the human species. 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了植物克隆的好处。 7．The underlined word “optimized” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．grown　　　　　　　　 B．produced C．perfected D．examined 解析：选 C　词义猜测题。根据“so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available”可知，optimize 与 perfect 的意思相近。 8．According to the text, cloned plants ________. A．have lower yield than normal plants B．need less care from people C．prevent various kinds of diseases D．have a shorter growth cycle 解析：选 D　细节理解题。从第二段中的“Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting.”可知，克隆的植物的生长周期短。 9．What can we infer from the text? A ． The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better. B．There are more cloned plants than normal plants now. C．Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature. D．People should avoid eating cloned fruits. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。从最后一段中的“By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive.”可知，克隆会破坏自然界 的规律。 10．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning. B．To show different kinds of plant cloning. C．To predict the future of plant cloning. D．To introduce the advantages of plant cloning. 解析：选 D　写作目的题。文章的第二、三、四段都是在介绍植 物克隆的好处，所以本文的目的是介绍植物克隆的好处。