【英语】2018届二轮复习说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之四（含有解析）学案（18页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之四（含有解析）学案（18页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之四 ‎【一】‎ Below are four ads on the website. ‎ Artful Experience ‎ It's an artful experience even if you're artistically challenged. Adults, teens, and children of all ages are welcome at Contemporary Art studio. We provide everything: stamps, idea books, a little coaching, and a lot of encouragement. Drop in anytime. It's creative fun for everyone to paint your own pottery(陶器)! No experience needed. Our studio will show you how. It's as easy as 123！ ‎ sumplastpl@hotmail.com ‎ ChineseEnglish Translator ‎ This is an excellent opportunity for recent graduates looking to put their Chinese skills to use. ‎ Requirements: native speaker of English; business translation experience is preferred but not a must; able to fulfill several projects on time; excellent reading skills in Chinese. If interested, please email staff@young.com or call 453268130. ‎ Ancient Object Market ‎ Here you find a large variety of old European furniture, statues and paintings. We also offer a large selection of clocks in bronze, wood, white metal. Organizing buying tours based on the needs of our clients is something else we do. We pick you up from the airport, make hotel reservations and drive you around to the best wholesale(批发) dealers. Our email is artworkdeal@com. ‎ ‎____________‎ We are delighted to offer you an efficient and reasonable priced service of highclass car rentals (租赁) with qualified drivers. Suitable for your journeys to ‎ and/or from Rome's airports or other destinations. We will be there to meet you on your arrival at the airport and drive you to your destination in complete safety and comfort. If you need the service, please call 668556429. ‎ ‎1．Contemporary Art studio is a place where ________.‎ A．one can enjoy many kinds of artworks B．one can learn how to paint on pottery C．one can make pottery by himself/herself D．one can improve his/her painting skills greatly ‎2．Who may be suitable for a ChineseEnglish translator?‎ A．An American graduate who is good at Chinese.‎ B．A Chinese graduate who majored in business.‎ C．A Chinese college student who has good English writing skills.‎ D．An American college student who is interested in English translation.‎ ‎3．If Mr. Black wants to buy a painting, he can ________.‎ A．send an email to sumplastpl@hotmail.com B．send an email to artworkdeal@com C．call 453268130‎ D．call 668556429‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the fourth advertisement?‎ A．Nice Rome trips B．Airport Car Rentals With Drivers C．Cheap Car Tours ‎ D．Flight Service To Pick You Up 答案与解析 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了网上的4则广告。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第一则广告第五句It'screative fun for everyone to paint your own pottery(陶器)！可知在Contemporary Art studio里人们可以学会在陶器上作画。故B正确。‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第二则广告第二段第一句Requirements: native speaker of English；和excellent reading skills in Chinese.可知以英语为母语并擅长中文的人可以担任中英翻译。故A项中：擅长中文的美国大学毕业生符合要求。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据Ancient Object Market部分第一句Here you find a large variety of old European furniture，statues and paintings.及最后Our email is artworkdeal@hotmail.com.可知在这个古玩市场里，你可以找到各种各样的欧式家具，雕像以及油画，所以布莱克先生想要买油画，就可以联系这个古玩市场的邮箱。故B正确。 ‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。根据第四则广告第一句We are delighted to offer you an efficient and reasonably priced service of highclass car rentals (租赁)with qualified drivers.可知本广告是宣传附带司机的机场大巴租赁服务的。故B项Airport Car Rentals With Drivers即为本段中心思想。‎ ‎【二】‎ The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC has thousands of objects on display, including the 1903 Wright Flyer, Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, and a lunar rock you can touch. In addition to our exhibition galleries, you may want to visit the Albert Einstein Planetarium, Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater, and the Public Observatory on the east end. There are many things to do at the Museum in DC. We offer daily tours and educational activities for both children and adults. We also have scheduled lectures and events throughout the year.‎ Hours and Admission：Open every day except December 25. Admission is free.‎ Regular Hours：10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.‎ Extended Hours: 10：00 a．m. to 7：30 p．m.‎ December 26——30,2014 ‎ March 30——April 20, 2015‎ Fridays and Saturdays, April 24——May 16,2015‎ May 17——September 7, 2015 ‎ VISITING TIPS：‎ Limit the number of bags: All visitors are screened through metal detectors upon entry. The fewer items you bring inside the Museum, the faster your entry. Before you visit, please review the list of prohibited items，which include pocket knives and tripods(三脚架). Visitors carrying prohibited items will not be allowed inside the Museum, so please leave them at home or in your car.‎ No Food or Drink: Only bottled water is permitted in the Museum. You may only consume food and other drinks in the Food Court, not in the Museum. Groups who bring food are encouraged to picnic on the National Mall.‎ Please Take Photos: You are welcome to take photos for personal use. However, tripods and monopods(单脚架)are not permitted without approval.‎ First Aid：The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty. Please contact the nearest security officer or the Welcome Center for assistance.‎ Visit the Welcome Center: At our Welcome Center in the South Lobby, staff and volunteers can answer any questions you have during your visit.‎ Open：10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.‎ Phone：2026332214‎ Email：NASM－visitorservice@si.edu ‎1．According to the passage, the National Air and Space Museum is a museum ________.‎ A．where only adults can take part in some educational activities B．everyone can pay a visit to without buying tickets C．where one can touch anything he likes ‎ D．everyone can visit without time limits all the year round ‎2．A visitor to the Museum can ________.‎ A．eat and drink in the Museum or in the Food Court B．take photos with tripods for personal use ‎ C．bring fewer bags to go through metal detectors D．get some medical treatment if he suddenly falls ill ‎3．The purpose of this passage is to ________.‎ A．make an advertisement for the museum B．attract people to explore the universe ‎ C．encourage adults to bring their children there D．show what is on display in the museum 答案与解析 本文是一篇航空航天博物馆的广告。向游客介绍了入馆参观的相关注意事项。基本上每个注意事项都涉及到了。‎ ‎1．B　事实细节题。题意为“根据本文的叙述，下面哪一项符合国家航空航天博物馆的相关规定？” A．意为“在这里，只有成年游客才能参加一些教育类的活动”。B.意为“任何人都可以进去参观，不用买门票”。C.意为“在该博物馆里，人们可以触摸任何他喜欢的东西”。D.意为“‎ 一年到头，任何人都可以不受时间限制地来博物馆参观”。根据文中的“Admission is free.”可知，门票是免费的。故答案为B。‎ ‎2．D　事实细节题。题意为“入馆参观者能做以下四项活动中哪一项？”A.为可以在博物馆里面吃东西；B.为可以带摄影用的三脚架入馆；C.为将数量极少的包带进博物馆。根据文意，这三项都是不允许的。D.为参观者如果突然病倒，可以获得医疗救助。根据“The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty.”可知，这是符合文意的。故答案为D。‎ ‎3．A　主旨大意题。题意为“本文的写作目的是什么？”。A.为给博物馆做广告；B.为吸引人们探索宇宙；C.为鼓励成年人把孩子们带到那里去。D.为展现博物馆里展出的东西。由本文的内容可以看出，是为了给博物馆做广告。故答案为A。‎ ‎【三】‎ Elizabeth Bishop, who was famous for the poetry A Prodigal, Filling Station , Sandpiper, Manuelzinho and so on, was an influential(有影响的) American poet of the 20th century. Her poetry often shows things that concerned her throughout her life, such as her search for a sense of home. Her troubled childhood and feelings of loneliness from this time affected her character and poetry.‎ Bishop's painful childhood is apparent(显面易见的) in some of her poems. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother was mad when she was five. Bishop was raised firstly by her mother's parents and then by her father's parents. This experience left her confused about belonging. She had no home and this was shown in her poetry. In “A Prodigal”， when the character in the poem makes up his mind to go home, there is a sense of pessimism for Bishop who has no home. The lack of a sense of home has contributed to her depression(消沉) all her life.‎ Bishop attempts(企图) to make small, everyday experiences extraordinary in her poems such as “Filling Station”. In “Filling Station”， Bishop describes the beauty of a family filling station. Although it is “dirty” there is order in it. Simple family life is celebrated in it. She recognizes the value of home and beauty in everyday life, but she is only an observer of these. Distance remains between her and the family at the filling station.‎ Bishop's struggle to locate herself in the world is seen no more clearly than in “Sandpiper”. It deals with searching for something in a confusing world. She uses the metaphor(暗喻) of the bird which is “looking for something”. The “something” isn't specific(特殊的). It seems as if the bird doesn't know what he wants; the only certain thing is that he is searching.‎ Bishop's poems are personal on a more subtle (巧妙的)level, especially when her childhood, travels, etc, are taken into consideration. It is believed that Bishop is a complex(复杂的)poet who uses her poetry to find this feeling of belonging.‎ ‎1．What do we know about Elizabeth Bishop's childhood?‎ A．She was born poor. ‎ B．She lived an unhappy life.‎ C．Her grandparents treated her badly.‎ D．Her parents didn't love her.‎ ‎2．Which of Bishop's poems shows her love for simple family life?‎ A．Sandpiper.　　　　　 B．Manuelzinho.‎ C．Filling Station. D．A Prodigal.‎ ‎3．When reading Bishop's poems, people can find her search for ________.‎ A．the true nature of human being B．a happy family life C．parental love ‎ D．the feeling of belonging ‎ ‎4．Which of the following words can best describe Bishop?‎ A．Gifted but pessimistic.‎ B．Clever and strong.‎ C．Unfortunate but kind.‎ D．Creative and determined.‎ 答案与解析 本文主要是介绍了著名诗人Elizabeth Bishop。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中Bishop's painful childhood is apparent(显而易见的) in some of her poems.可知Elizabeth Bishop童年过得很痛苦。故选项B正确。 ‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段In “Filling Station”， Bishop describes the beauty of a family filling station.一句可知答案选C。‎ ‎3．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中It is believed that Bishop is a complex(复杂的)poet who uses her poetry to find this feeling of belonging.可知选项D正确。‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。通读全文可知Elizabeth Bishop是一名很有才但却很悲观的诗人。故选项A正确。‎ ‎【四】‎ Reuel Tolkien (1892－1973), the British linguist, writer. He created a fantasy novel “The Lord of the Rings” the wellknown trilogy (三部曲)．‎ Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa. When he was 4 years old, his father died and his family moved back to England. Tolkien graduated from Oxford University when he was 23 years old, and participated in the First World War. During the war, Tolkien suffered from “trench fever” and stayed in the hospital until the end of World War Ⅰ. It was the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.‎ After the war, Tolkien became a linguist. He was an editor of the “New English Dictionary” of 1918－1920. However, he was more researching into AngloSaxon language which makes his extensive contacts in Britain and the Nordic spread all over the folklore and mythology.‎ In 1937, Tolkien completed his first work “The Hobbit”．Although this was a fairy tale, it was also suitable for adults to read. Because of good sales, the publisher Allen & Unwin convinced Tolkien to write its sequel.This encouraged Tolkien to complete his most famous works the epic (史诗) trilogy “The Lord of the Rings”. The works of writing went on for almost a year with the support from his good friend Lewis.‎ At the beginning “The Lord of the Rings” was similar works for children, but after that writing style quickly became serious and dark. “The Lord of the Rings” was one of the most popular literary works in the 20th century in terms of sales and readers’ evaluation. Tolkien’s influence is important, for the success of “The Lord of the Rings” makes the fantasy novels of this literature genre (体裁) develop rapidly.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了《指环王》的作者Reuel Tolkien的生平。他早年丧父，后来参加了第一次世界大战。战时患上“战壕热”，在医院期间他开始了他的写作生涯。‎ ‎13．When did Tolkien take part in World War Ⅰ？‎ A．1896 B．1915‎ C．1916 D．1937‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“Reuel Tolkien (1892－1973)”以及第二段的第三句可知，Reuel Tolkien生于1892年，他23岁时参加了第一次世界大战；据此可以判断，他是在1915年参加第一次世界大战的，故B项正确。‎ ‎14．Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．Tolkien’s father died of “trench fever”. ‎ B．Tolkien wrote the “New English Dictionary” himself.‎ C．“The Lord of the Rings” was finished about half a year. ‎ D．Tolkien began his writing career in the hospital.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“It was the days in the hospital that he began his writing career first.”可知，Tolkien是在医院开始他的写作生涯的，故D项正确。‎ ‎15．The underlined word “evaluation” in the last paragraph is close to the meaning of ________.‎ A．opinion B．value C．interest D．hobby 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，“The Lord of the Rings”是二十世纪最受欢迎的文学作品之一，这是读者和书商的评价；据此可以判断，画线词意为“评价”，故A项“观点，看法”正确。‎ ‎【五】‎ ‎“Walt Disney World is banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because selfiesticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.‎ Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles won’t make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also won’t be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfiesticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disney’s parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1.‎ Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks’ entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfiesticks for pickup later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resort’s hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney World’s website.‎ The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfiesticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to ‎ rule breakers.‎ Selfiestick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing themepark moments through selfportraits. The tools have been banned in public places — including some museums and stadiums — worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues.‎ Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful”．‎ Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了迪斯尼乐园禁止其各大主题公园使用自拍杆的相关情况。‎ ‎8．Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect?‎ A．Smartphones. B．Folding chairs.‎ C．Cameras. D．Containers.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，在新政策生效前，迪斯尼主题公司已禁止使用的物品中有折叠椅。故B项正确。‎ ‎9．According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfiesticks during the routine bag check, they may ________.‎ A．abandon them at the bag check B．get fined and pick them up later C．turn them in to the police D．put them in the trunk of their cars 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，游客可将其放到车子的后备箱。故D项正确。‎ ‎10．The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．changing B．broadening C．blocking D．narrowing 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段最后一句及常识可推知，高高举起的自拍杆将会遮住游客的视线且存在安全隐患，故画线词“obstructing”意为“阻碍”。block意为“阻止”，与其意思最接近。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________.‎ A．the ban on the use of selfiesticks is aimed at ensuring security B．previously guests can take photos with selfiesticks on thrill rides C．the staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orally D．Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks parkwide 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段并结合第五段最后一句“The tools have been banned ... causing safety issues.”可知，迪斯尼乐园禁用自拍杆是为了保证游客安全。故A项正确。‎ ‎【六】‎ At least 20 people died and hundreds were injured in a bridge collapse in the eastern Indian city of Kolkata Thursday. Witnesses said many people and vehicles, including two buses carrying more than 100 passengers, were under the bridge when it fell. They also said construction workers had set up camps near the bridge site where they would sleep and cook.‎ Before rescue teams arrived, local residents and firefighters used their bare hands to try to rescue people trapped under the debris. The collapsed bridge is in a busy commercial area of Kolkata. Its location has made it difficult for rescue operations.‎ ‎ Access to the area is blocked on both sides by buildings, and the streets are blocked with heavy traffic.‎ Reuters (路透社) reports that the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee, rushed to the scene of the collapse. She said that rescuing those trapped is her “top priority”. Banerjee said those responsible for the disaster will be punished. Yet she faces questions about the safety of the construction project. The Telegraph newspaper reported last November that Banerjee wanted the bridge — already five years overdue — to be completed by February. Project engineers said they were concerned over whether this would be possible, the newspaper said at the time. Construction workers had been on a strict schedule to complete the bridge. The disaster could affect the West Bengal election next month. An Indian company, IVRCL, was building the 2kilometer bridge, its website said. IVRCL’s director of operations said the company was not sure of the cause of the disaster.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在星期四印度东部城市Kolkata发生了大桥坍塌事故，造成多人受伤或死亡。本文就路透社对相关负责人及建筑公司的采访进行了报道。‎ ‎5．Why were so many people killed or injured in the accident?‎ A．The rescue work responded too slowly.‎ B．Many people were under or near the bridge.‎ C．The bridge was under construction.‎ D．Construction workers had set up camps there.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，造成伤亡是因为当时很多行人及车辆在桥下或在桥附近。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “debris” probably mean?‎ A．Buildings.　　　　　　　 　B．Disasters.‎ C．Vehicles. D．Ruins.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，在救援队到来之前，当地居民和消防队员赤手尽力营救被困在废墟中的受害者。由此可知，画线词应意为“废墟”，与ruin同义。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What can we learn about the bridge?‎ A．It should have been completed five years ago.‎ B．Project engineers were unwilling to cooperate.‎ C．It was designed by a company called IVRCL.‎ D．The cause of the disaster has been discovered.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“...Banerjee wanted the bridge — already five years overdue — to be completed by February.”可知，大桥本应该在五年前完成。故A项正确。‎ ‎【七】‎ It is a live celebration of the lasting power of letter writing!‎ Letters Live, which started in December 2013, was held at the Freemasons’ Hall in London from March 10 to 15. The show invited various great performers who read remarkable letters that had been written around the world over the centuries.‎ ‎“Bringing letters alive through outstanding performances is one of the most powerful ways in which the joy and pain and humor and tragedy of being human can be shared，” Jamie Byng, managing director of Canongate Books publishing firm, told the Nowness video channel.‎ British actor Benedict Cumberbatch agreed. “Letters are windows into the love, beauty, pain and humor of their creators and receivers，” he told The Guardian. “Letters Live makes us stop and imagine the lives behind the letters read and where they came from. It’s a privilege to read this most ancient of communications live to an audience.” ‎ This year, the movie Sherlock star treated the audience by playing the part of a ‎ ‎17year Tom Hanks. He put on the young actor’s voice when he read his letter to the Hollywood director George Roy Hill, a letter that urged Hill to “discover” him. The letter revealed that twotime Oscar winner Hanks’ teenage dream was not to “be a bigtime Hollywood superstar” but to one day own a Porsche car and call his favorite US actor Robert Redford his nickname “Bob”．‎ Other famous faces at the event included Carey Mulligan, who played a fictional laundry worker, a female activist fighting for women’s rights in the 2015 movie Suffragette. The British actress once again played the role of a suffragette, when she read a very enthusiastic letter demanding the vote for women. The suffragette sent a precious 1913 note to The Daily Telegraph newspaper.‎ ‎“Everyone seems to agree upon the necessity of putting a stop to Suffragist anger, but no one seems certain how to do so，” Mulligan read out. “There are two, and only two, ways in which this can be done. Both will be effectual. One, kill every woman in the UK. Two, give women the vote.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。随着通讯科技的发展，写信这种联系方式已经在人们的生活中逐渐淡去，但是信件包涵强大的寓意和情感。作者希望通过这次庆祝活动来激活人们对写信的认识。‎ ‎1．What was Cumberbatch’s attitude towards Jamie Byng’s opinion?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 　B．Positive.‎ C．Optimistic. D．Cautious.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一、二句可推知，Benedict Cumberbatch对Jamie Byng的观点持支持态度。B项意为“积极的”，符合题意。‎ ‎2．Which of the following was a dream of Tom Hanks as a child?‎ A．To become an actor. B．To call himself “Bob”．‎ C．To win Oscar Awards. D．To have a famous car.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，Tom ‎ Hanks年少时的梦想之一是拥有一辆名车。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎3．A “suffragette” is a woman who ________.‎ A．sends a valuable note to newspaper B．reads out a letter to the audience C．advocates women’s right to vote D．plays a famous role in a movie 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句可推知，“suffragette”是指提倡妇女参政论的人，故C项符合题意。‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Famous People Gathering B．Letters of Great Performers C．Letters Brought to Life D．Rights Given to Women 解析：选C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述作者支持“写信”这种联系方式，并介绍在这次庆祝活动中很多名人都把以前的信件念给听众听。C项“把信件带到生活中”适合做本文标题。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎【八】‎ Thrift stores are a refuge (避难所) for countless items from landing in garbage piles. Value Village, for example, saves more than 650 million pounds of clothing from landfills (垃圾填埋场) each year, making it one of the largest recyclers of used garments in the world. Their stores give a second life to 1.8 million pounds of clothes every day, which is equal to 600 midsized cars. Almost 100 percent of clothing and textiles are recyclable, yet 85 percent of them end up in landfills. It’s estimated that the average person throws away 70 pounds of clothing a year.‎ Lindsay Coulter is the socalled “Queen of Green” with the David Suzuki Foundation, educating people on how to live a greener life by making changes around the house. She says that donating or shopping at thrift stores is an excellent way to exercise all three of the three R’s: reduce, reuse and recycle. She says, “Whether it’s a purse or a pair of shoes, it’s really worth considering going to thrift stores as another point of contact to help reduce your consumption.”‎ Coulter points out that since landfills are airtight, textiles take longer to break down. “I’d imagine things like an old towel, a rag or an old Tshirt will last a really long time，” she says. The beauty of thrift shopping is that the supply is neverending, so if you don’t find what you’re looking for one day, it’s likely to show up in no time.‎ One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk, costume specialist in the Department of Theatre and Film at the University of British Columbia. She says the majority of items for the university’s productions are purchased secondhand. Because of her shrinking budget, items like clothing and shoes are thrifted from Value Village. “We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.Thrift shopping is a much easier, cheaper way to do things，” she says.‎ The next time you need to lighten your closet, take the opportunity to go thrift shopping to lighten both your carbon footprint and your financial burden at the same time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种环保的生活方式，即去慈善商店捐或购买二手衣物。‎ ‎13．What is a “thrift store” according to the text?‎ A．It deals with daily garbage.‎ B．It sells secondhand items.‎ C．It exchanges new clothes.‎ D．It donates used items.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“She says that donating ...reduce, reuse and recycle.”可知，慈善商店是收纳并出售二手货的店。‎ ‎14．What do we know about Jodi Jacyk?‎ A．She doesn’t budget carefully.‎ B．She complains a lot about her job.‎ C．She is a fan of thrift shopping.‎ D．She is known as “Queen of Green”．‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk”和“We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.”可推知，Jodi Jacyk热衷于在慈善商店里购物，是这项活动的粉丝。‎ ‎15．What is the author’s attitude toward thrift shopping?‎ A．Conservative. B．Cautious.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.‎ 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，作者是支持这种到慈善商店里购物的环保行为的。‎ ‎【九】‎ Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.‎ It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.‎ ‎“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”‎ It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat ‎ waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.‎ The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italy’s biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.‎ The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.‎ ‎“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”‎ ‎“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.‎ ‎“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”‎ Italy is one of the European Union’s worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。‎ ‎9．What’s the purpose of the move of taking off ties?‎ A．To dress casually.‎ B．To fight global warming.‎ C．To keep the body temperature.‎ D．To improve working conditions.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?‎ A．ENI.‎ B．Flavio Cima.‎ C．A financial daily.‎ D．The Italian health ministry.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?‎ A．Angry. B．Speechless.‎ C．Delighted. D．Puzzled.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎12．Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?‎ A．He stands by the oil group.‎ B．He agrees with the ministry.‎ C．He admits his responsibility.‎ D．He argues against taking off ties.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六、七段的内容可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio ‎ Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带上班的观点有异议，故D项正确。‎ ‎【十】‎ There will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by 2050. That is what a new report from the World Economic Forum and Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns. If the current trend continues, the report said, oceans will contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish in 2025. By 2050, plastics will weigh more than fish. The problem is that each year at least 8 million tons of plastics end up in oceans around the world. This is the same as dumping the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute.‎ Not all plastic ends up in the ocean because someone throws a plastic bottle into the water. Plastic containers and other trash thrown onto streets and sidewalks often are swept into oceans. Unlike other types of trash in the ocean, the plastic never biodegrades. There is a way to slow the amount of plastics going into the oceans — people can recycle more. Currently only about 14 percent of plastics are recycled. Research in Europe shows as much as 53 percent of plastics could be recycled using available technology. The report says that another solution is using less plastic for packaging products. But that is not likely to happen.‎ ‎“Given plastic packaging’s many benefits, both the possibility and desirability of a sharp reduction in the volume of plastic packaging used is clearly low，” the report said. But the authors note reducing the use of plastics should be tried “where possible”. For decades, scientists warned that plastics are killing fish. Research shows that fish are dying from choking after eating plastics. “Another cause of death is that plastics cause intestinal blockage and starvation，” the environmental group said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普报道。到2050年全球海洋中的塑料数量将超过鱼的数量。本文主要报道了塑料垃圾对人类和鱼类造成的危害以及研究人员提出的一些处理建议。‎ ‎5．Why is the garbage truck mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To explain how plastics end up in the ocean.‎ B．To warn people against the ocean pollution.‎ C．To clarify the seriousness of the problem.‎ D．To point out some details of the report.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知，海洋里每年的塑料废物多达八百万吨。所以作者用这种直观细化的方法来阐述海洋塑料垃圾问题的严重性。故C项正确。‎ ‎6．Why is plastic more harmful than other types of trash?‎ A．Because there is too much of it.‎ B．Because it poisons the ocean water.‎ C．Because it is from different sources.‎ D．Because it never breaks down.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，塑料垃圾比其他垃圾危害更大是因为它们不可降解。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the suggested solutions?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Hopeful.‎ C．Interested. D．Convinced.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据第二段中最后五句可知，塑料的循环使用比例较低，而减少商品的塑料包装也不太可能，由此可知作者对所提的建议持悲观态度。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．People are not aware of the problem.‎ B．Recycling is limited by lack of technology.‎ C．Plastic packaging has become part of our life.‎ D．Fish in the ocean will be replaced by plastics.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，想要减少使用塑料包装很难，因为它已成为日常生活的一部分。故C项正确。‎