【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)‎ ‎...‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ ‎...‎ ‎29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?‎ A．Complex.　　　　　 B．Advanced.‎ C．Powerful. D．Modern.‎ ‎[解析]　选C　根据选段第二句“In recent centuries, trade ...dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近几个世纪以来，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占主导地位的”。由此推知dominant languages意为：占主导地位的语言。故选C。‎ ‎[干扰项分析]　complex复杂的；advanced高级的，先进的；modern现代的。这三项不能说明这几种语言占主导地位的根本原因。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　利用上下文语境猜词义 在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词有着紧密的联系(如定义、重述、举例、近义词和反义词等)，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词的意思。‎ 有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。‎ 做词义猜测题，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，即利用上下文提供的情景和线索，结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。‎ 训练目标(一) ‎ 对点练——攻克失分短板 A(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)‎ Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ ‎...‎ ‎32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A．The more, the better.‎ B．Enough is enough.‎ C．More money, more worries.‎ D．Earn more and spend more.‎ 解析：选A　根据选段第三句可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解到处堆满物品是什么感受，可是当涉及孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我们总是认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好呢？more is more是相对于enough is enough而言的，故选A项。‎ B(2018·浙江高考阅读B节选)‎ ‎...‎ Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.‎ ‎...‎ ‎25．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Bans on plastic bags.‎ B．Effects of city development.‎ C．Headaches caused by garbage.‎ D．Plastic bags hung in trees.‎ 解析：选A　根据画线单词所在句“看到这种’逆风’，塑料袋制造商雇用了一些像Stein一样的科学家来说明他们的产品并没有像大多数人认为的那样对地球有害”，再联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in ...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。‎ C(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)‎ I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.‎ ‎...‎ ‎29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word ‎ “courier” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．provider　　　　　　 B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor 解析：选B　根据画线单词后的“I’ve done 89 trips ... to carry stem cells (干细胞)”以及“...from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours ...”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。‎ D(2016·北京高考阅读D节选)‎ ‎...‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎...‎ ‎68．The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .‎ A．change　　　　　　　　 B．choice C．text D．extension 解析：选A　此题考查passage的熟词新义。根据画线部分后面的内容“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，此处指从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人的责任，这是大学阶段的一种“转变”。‎ 高考真题链接 Krubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world. An international team prepared to descend into ‎ Krubera. The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route. They worked for up to 20 hours each day.‎ In the third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump — a cave passage filled with water that gives cavers few options. There are basically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it. Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but was disappointed. “No chance to get through，” he said. Searching for a way around the sump, Garcia Dils risked entering a waterfall of near freezing water and discovered that his dry suit had holes in it. “The water was so cold that I lost the feeling in my fingers，” he said later. He, too, was unsuccessful.‎ Finally, two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream. The team was exhilarated. The passage led to yet another sump at 1,840 meters. After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling. There was a promising passage, he reported. But it would have to wait. After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.‎ Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera. Following the path opened by the previous team, they reached the sump at 1,840 meters relatively quickly. After much searching, a pit (坑), later named the Millennium Pit, was discovered that allowed them to pass the 2,000 meter depth. More pits and passages led them to 2,080 meters, a spot they named Game Over. But the caving game is never over. Deeper caves will probably continue to be discovered and call out to be explored.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了探洞穴者对世界上目前已知的最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程。‎ ‎13．Why did the team return to the surface after nearly four weeks?‎ A．They were lacking in supplies.‎ B．They had achieved their goal.‎ C．They couldn’t go through the sump.‎ D．They gave their task to Yuri Kasjan’s team.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探洞穴者被迫返回地面。‎ ‎★14.What does the underlined word “exhilarated” probably mean?‎ A．Cheerful.　　　　　　 B．Powerful.‎ C．Confused. D．Exhausted.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们应该很高兴，故选A项。‎ ‎15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．Game Over was discovered at 2,000 meters.‎ B．The Way to the Dream begins at 1,840 meters.‎ C．The Millennium Pit passed the 2,080 meters depth.‎ D．Samokhin’s teammates found a way around a sump at 1,775 meters.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump”以及第三段中的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage”可知，Samokhin在1 775米处找到了绕过水坑的通道。‎ ‎16．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The features of Krubera Cave.‎ B．Famous caves around the world.‎ C．A journey of exploring Krubera Cave.‎ D．The importance of exploring Krubera Cave.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。本文讲述了探洞穴者对世界上目前已知的最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C项。‎