【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题分类训练：文化风俗学案（18页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解话题分类训练：文化风俗学案（18页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解话题分类训练： 文化风俗 一、阅读理解（共19小题；共38.0分）‎ A ‎ Children have traditionally been the stars of family portraits—but these days they are increasingly likely to be upstaged(抢镜头) by their pets. Photographers say that there has been a 20 percent rise in demand in the past year for shots featuring not only dogs and cats, but also more unusual animals including horses, cows, sheep—and even ferrets and snails. But it doesn't always come cheap, as parents are paying up to £3,000 for the distinctive images.‎ ‎ Richard Mayfield, creative director at Venture Photography, which runs a nationwide chain of studios, said: "They say never work with children or animals but we think the opposite. Children and animals are unpredictable, and that's great for capturing dynamic(动态的) photographs."‎ ‎ "We always ask clients if they would like to bring any pets along to their shoots as we want to capture the character of the families we photograph, and often their pets help them to relax. We get a lot of domestic pets such as dogs and cats but more unusual pets can be really ‎ interesting from a photographer's perspective. This year we've seen lots of rabbits in particular as more and more are kept in the house and so really feel like part of the family."‎ ‎ A glance at these pictures proves just how astonishing the animal magic can be. Toddler Alfie Poutney, from Felixstowe, poses with a green parrot perched on his flat cap; Charlie Wells from Wakefield gives his pony Lucy a gentle kiss; James Corrigan is pictured with his Dutch dwarf rabbit perched in the center of his skateboard; Poppy Hanshaw reaches out to stroke Lego the lamb; and Harry the tortoise provided the main focus for a Home Counties family portrait. But the most unusual image surely has to be Gabriel Pereira from Woking, Surrey, posing with his pet snails Wayne, Lucy and Aaron.‎ ‎ 1. According to the passage, children take pictures  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ only with dogs and cats B.‎ ‎ only with unusual animals ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ with seven kinds of pets D.‎ ‎ very cheaply and commonly ‎ 2. According to the passage, Richard Mayfield considers  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ children and animals are predictable ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ it difficult to work with children or animals ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ his firm runs a worldwide chain of studios ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ it fun to get dynamic photographs ‎ 3. What role do pets play when people take pictures?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Helping them feel less pressure.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Helping them get more excited.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Helping them get little disturbed.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Helping them feel more stressful.‎ ‎ 4. What animals become more popular in families?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Dogs.‎ B.‎ ‎ Cats.‎ C.‎ ‎ Horses.‎ D.‎ ‎ Rabbits.‎ ‎ 5. How many pets are mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Six.‎ B.‎ ‎ Seven.‎ C.‎ ‎ Eight.‎ D.‎ ‎ Nine.‎ B ‎ Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.‎ ‎ One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one's own culture's way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It's ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it's necessary to study the different elements(组成部分) of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.‎ ‎ Language ‎ A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their ‎ language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.‎ ‎ Values and attitudes ‎ Values are people's basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.‎ ‎ Customs and manners ‎ Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad(色拉) before the main course at dinner, not after. It's not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn't ‎ sell well because the French don't usually drink juice with breakfast.‎ ‎ 6. A knowledge of the local language allows international business people  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ to be more open with their customers ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ to communicate without outside help ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ to express their thoughts indirectly ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ to have a better idea of their own culture ‎ 7. The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ manners B.‎ ‎ values C.‎ ‎ attitudes D.‎ ‎ customs ‎ 8. What would be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Misconceptions in Business ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Basic Beliefs in Business ‎ ‎ ‎ International Business Culture C.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Successful International Business ‎ 9. The author's purpose of writing this article is to tell people  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ how to take a right attitude in business ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ how to avoid misunderstandings in business ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ how to use a local language in business ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ how to act politely and properly in business C Sailing Through History ‎ A group of 1,309 passengers boarded the MS. Balmoral on Sunday, in Southampton, England, on a voyage to retrace the path of the Titanic. The Titanic was the biggest ship in the world when it sailed on its ill-fated maiden voyage in 1912. Of the 2,227 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died. The ship, which was headed to New York City,‎ ‎ carried the rich and famous on its first voyage. It also carried immigrants, who were seeking a better life in America.‎ ‎ Relatives of people who sailed on the Titanic, historians, authors and people fascinated by the story of the unsinkable ship, are on the Balmoral. They want to remember the doomed ship and those who died on her first and last voyage. The historic liner had set sail on April 10, 1912, from Southampton. Late at night on April 14, she hit an iceberg. In the early morning hours of April 15, the Titanic sank.‎ ‎ The Balmoral is following Titanic's original route from Southampton. First, the modern-day cruise liner docked in the port of Cherbourg, France, where the Titanic had picked up more passengers. On Monday afternoon, the Balmoral stops in Cobh, Ireland, the Titanic's last port of call before sailing to New York.‎ ‎ Balmoral will then cruise the North Atlantic Ocean to the location where Titanic hit an iceberg that ripped the ship's hull(外壳). On Sunday, April 15, at 2:20 a.m.—the time the Titanic went down—passengers and crew will hold a memorial service. The next two days will be spent in ‎ Halifax, Canada, where many victims of the sinking are buried. Then, the Balmoral will reach its final destination in New York City, where Titanic was supposed to dock—but never did.‎ ‎ Until today, several teams of divers have explored the site. They have recovered some items such as dishes and silverware and put them on public display. And more trips are planned to the wreckage in the future. The Titanic and its passengers and crew have been remembered in books, movies and TV programs. But there's a much more important contribution that Titanic gave us. After she sank, lawmakers and shipbuilders made ships safer. It took a terrible tragedy to make ship travel safer for all.‎ ‎10. How many passengers in Titanic survived at last?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ More than 1,500.‎ B.‎ ‎ About 1,309.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ About 1,000.‎ D.‎ ‎ Less than 750.‎ ‎11. Passengers in Balmoral mainly want to  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ seek a better life in America ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ enjoy the fascinating voyage to the US ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ observe the maiden voyage of MS Balmoral ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ observe the 100th anniversary of maiden voyage of Titanic ‎12. How many countries does the Balmoral reach before sailing to New York?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Two.‎ B.‎ ‎ Three.‎ C.‎ ‎ Four.‎ D.‎ ‎ Five.‎ ‎13. The Balmoral will stay in Canada just in memory of  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ the dead passengers in the Balmoral ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ the survivors in Titanic ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ the dead passengers in Titanic ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ the survivors in the Balmoral ‎14. What might be the most important contribution of the sunken Titanic?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Its site attracts more exploring teams.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ It makes the later ships more secure.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Some of its items are on public display.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ More trips are planned to its wreckage.‎ D ‎ Historic Hill at Risk of Being Removed From Landscape ‎ It's literally a case of turning a mountain into a molehill. ‎ ‎ An entire hill, famed for its archeological heritage and geological significance, is to be removed from the Scottish skyline to make way for a quarry(采石场) under plans being considered by West Dunbartonshire Council.‎ ‎ Sheep Hill, in the Kilpatrick Hills on the Clyde, is the site of ancient Bronze and Iron Age forts which local residents and experts say will be destroyed by the expansion of a stone quarry. ‎ ‎ The hill also features in a painting by the 19th-century Scottish artist John Knox, and is used by geology teachers to show how the landscape has been shaped by volcanoes and ice ages.‎ ‎ Allowing the hill to be wiped off the map would be "an act of wanton(荒唐的) destruction of our environment and inheritance", according to Clydebelt, a local environmental group, which is calling for Scottish ministers to intervene to save the hill. ‎ ‎ "Sheep Hill is liable(应承担责任的) to be destroyed," said the group's secretary, Sam Gibson. "This would leave a gaping hole in the side of the hill showing the workings of the quarry and fully visible from a distance."‎ ‎ A proposal to revise mineral permission for an existing quarry run by a local firm near Sheep Hill is due to be discussed by West Dunbartonshire Council on Wednesday and has aroused fierce opposition from local groups. ‎ ‎ They say that, as well as damaging important archaeological remains and ruining the landscape, expanding the quarry would threaten wildlife and trees. The North Bank Environmental Group has filed a formal complaint to ‎ the ombudsman(巡视官) about the council's handling of the development.‎ ‎ The quarry company, William Thompson & Son, which has extracted whinstone at its Sheep Hill quarry for decades did not respond to repeated requests to comment last week.‎ ‎15. For what is Sheep Hill well-known?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ A molehill and its stone quarry.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Its ancient heritage and geological significance.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The site of ancient Bronze and Iron Age.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Its painting by John Knox, a 19th-century artist.‎ ‎16. The underlined word "intervene" means   in the 3rd paragraph.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ go inside B.‎ ‎ step in C.‎ ‎ interview D.‎ ‎ interrupt ‎17. What can we infer from what Sam Gibson said?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ It is right to remove Sheep Hill from a distance.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ The workings of the quarry can be seen from a B.‎ ‎ distance.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The workings of the quarry would ruin the wholeness and the scenery of the hill.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Too many holes will be opened in the side of the hill after the workings.‎ ‎18. Why do the local groups oppose the mineral permission?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Because they run the quarry near Sheep Hill and make money from it.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Because the mineral permission will do harm to archaeological remains and the landscape.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Because they don' t agree with the handling of the development of the quarry.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Because they care about not only archaeological remains, landscape but also the wildlife and trees.‎ ‎19. How did William Thompson & Son react towards the complaint from the locals?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ He had no reaction.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ He worried about their production of whinstone.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ He feared to be punished.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ He is not satisfied with the ombudsman.‎ 二、阅读理解（共4小题；共8.0分）‎ ‎ “You are going to the United States to live? How wonderful! You are really lucky.“‎ ‎ Perhaps your family and friends said similar things to you when you left home. But is it true all the time? Is your life in the new country always wonderful and exciting?‎ ‎ Specialists say that it isn't easy to get used to life in a new culture. "Culture shock" is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. "There are three stages of culture shock," say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.‎ ‎ There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems, the telephone, post office, or ‎ transportation maybe difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.‎ ‎ Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity.‎ ‎ They have to build a new self-image.‎ ‎ Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation(迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long term solutions to the problem of culture shock.‎ ‎20. When people move to a new country, they  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ have well prepared for their new surroundings ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ will get used to the culture of the country quickly ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ will never be familiar with the culture of the country ‎21. According to the passage, factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following except  ‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ language communication ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ weather conditions and customs ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ public service systems ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ homesickness ‎22. According to the passage, the more successful you are at home,  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ the fewer difficulties you may have abroad ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ the more difficulties you may have abroad ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ the more money you'll earn abroad ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ the less homesick you'II feel abroad ‎23. When people are homesick, they tend to  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ find some people to talk to B.‎ ‎ go outside to have a walk ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ visit their friends far away D.‎ ‎ stay indoors all the time 答案 一、阅读理解 ‎ 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C ‎ ‎ 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D ‎ ‎11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B ‎ ‎16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A ‎ 二、阅读理解 ‎20. A ‎ ‎21. D 22. B 23. D ‎