2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之九：现在的孩子真的不如以前吗

2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之九：现在的孩子真的不如以前吗

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之九： 现在的孩子真的不如以前吗 Kids these days only seem dumb if you think you’re a genius 文章选自《Popular Science》‎ 读前导读：‎ 在生活中，老一辈的人往往对年轻人不太满意，常常会说“现在的孩子”如何如何不好。那么，现在的孩子真的不如以前吗？‎ 一：高级实词荟萃 1. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. ‎ 2. touchy /ˈtʌtʃi/ adj. ‎ 3. appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. ‎ 4. senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. ‎ 5. counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑːt/ n. ‎ 6. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. ‎ 7. civilization /ˌsɪv(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. ‎ 8. folks /fəʊks/ ‎ 9. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. ‎ 10. based on ‎ 11. action /ˈækʃ(ə)n/ n. ‎ 12. current /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj. ‎ 13. self /self/ n. ‎ 14. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. ‎ 15. trait /treɪt/ n. ‎ 16. elder /ˈeldə(r)/ n. ‎ 17. intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. ‎ 18. enjoyment /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/ n.‎ 19. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. ‎ 20. participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)nt/ n.‎ 1. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. ‎ 2. category /ˈkætəɡri/ n. ‎ 3. gratification  /ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. ‎ 4. tend /tend/ v. ‎ 5. tag /tæɡ/ v.‎ 6. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v.）‎ 7. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)nt/ adj.‎ 8. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ v. ‎ 9. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ to ‎ 10. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. ‎ 11. assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. ‎ 12. random /ˈrændəm/ adj. ‎ 13. trick /trɪk/ v. ‎ 14. well-read ‎ 15. speculate /ˈspekjuleɪt/ v. ‎ 16. shift /ʃɪft/ n. ‎ 17. objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. ‎ 18. authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. ‎ 19. impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/ v. ‎ 20. bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n. ‎ 21. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. ‎ 22. mediocre /ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə/ adj. ‎ 23. hint /hɪnt/ v. ‎ 24. age-old ‎ 25. phrase /freɪz/ n. ‎ 26. classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. ‎ 27. vanity /ˈvænəti/ n. ‎ 二：高级词汇拓展 1. appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 感激、感恩由vt 感谢；欣赏_____________________‎ 2. ‎ civilization /ˌsɪv(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 文明 adj文明的_______________‎ 3. current /ˈkʌr(ə)nt/ adj. 现在的 adv.现在地 _______________‎ 4. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者 vt 研究 _______________‎ 5. ‎ intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. 智力 adj聪明的_______________nt adv聪明地_______________‎ 1. enjoyment /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/ n. 享受、愉悦 vt 享受_______________‎ 2. ‎ participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)nt/ n. 参与者 vi 参加 _______________ n.参加 _______________‎ 3. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品质 vt有资质；符合要求 _______________‎ 4. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别 n.特征；身份_______________‎ 5. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ to 跟…有联系 n.联系_______________ n亲戚_______________ adj有联系的_______________‎ 6. assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 赋予;分配 n任务_______________‎ 7. trick /trɪk/ v. 欺骗、哄骗 adj骗人的_______________‎ 8. speculate /ˈspekjuleɪt/ v. 推测 n猜想 _______________‎ 9. objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 客观的 n 目标 _______________‎ 10. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生 n发生_______________‎ 三：高级短语荟萃 1. throw shade ‎ 2. talk smack /smæk/ ‎ 3. a trio /ˈtriːəʊ/ of 4. have enough appreciation 5. In some way or another 6. lament the youth's decline ‎ 7. a cognitive scientist ‎ 8. a survey of cognitive development experts ‎ 1. the majority of experts ‎ 2. get better at controlling themselves around rewards ‎ 3. share the same qualities ‎ 4. in one of the categories ‎ 5. tend to ‎ 6. get tagged or self-identified as intelligent ‎ 7. be more likely to see “kids these days” as less intelligent 8. ‎ used to be 9. reserve their strong opinions for traits ‎ 10. relate to 11. In another stage of the study ‎ 12. assign random scores to ‎ 13. trick them into thinking how well-read they were ‎ 14. change their opinions on kid’s reading ability ‎ 15. as a result. ‎ 16. boil down ‎ 17. reasons for the shift 18. the lack of objective knowledge of what childhood is really like 19. high in a trait 20. impose their current high standing in that trait 原汁文章阅读理解力提升训练 What’s the proof that kids these days are any less well-read or well-behaved than before?‎ What is it about kids these days that makes older generations so touchy? Maybe it's because they don't read enough books, spend enough time outdoors, or have enough appreciation—at least that's what their more senior counterparts say.‎ And it's not just today's adults who think that. In some way or another, older generations have been lamenting the youth's decline since the earliest days of civilization. Even Aristotle (亚里士多德) talked smack about how young folks thought they knew everything back in the 4th century BC.‎ So why all the shade on the next generation? A study out earlier this month in Science Advances shows that negative opinions about kids aren't always based on their actions; it's more about how adults laud their past and current selves.‎ John Protzko, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara and lead author of the paper, says he was inspired while studying delayed gratification（满足） in children. A survey of cognitive development experts found that the majority of experts thought kids hadn't gotten better at controlling themselves around rewards like candy over the past 50 years. Protzko's study, however, proved them wrong.‎ This got him thinking … what is it about adults that makes them assume the worst about kids? And how does it lead to grumblings about “kids these days”?‎ Protzko’s latest research looked at a trio of traits in three groups of U.S. adults: respect for elders or authoritarianism（权威主义）, intelligence, and enjoyment of reading. He and his collaborator ‎（合作者） then asked the participants whether they thought kids in the modern age shared the same qualities. They found that adults who tested especially strong in one of the categories tended to see children today as weak in it.‎ For example, if an adult got tagged or self-identified as intelligent, they were more likely to see “kids these days” as less intelligent than they used to be. This, Protzko thinks, is because they remembered their younger selves to be smarter, whether true or not. What’s more, they only reserved their strong opinions for traits they related to.‎ In another stage of the study, the authors assigned random scores to participants to trick them into thinking how well-read they were. Many of the adults changed their opinions on kid’s reading ‎ ability, past and present, as a result.‎ Protzko posits that there are two reasons for the shift: how memories can be fallible and the lack of objective knowledge of what childhood is really like. “People who are high in a trait, say respect for elders or authority, are imposing their current high standing in that trait back in time, thinking ‘oh this must have been what all kids were like,’ ” he says.‎ Over the years, the same memory bias keeps occurring, making it seem like kids are somehow failing more and more. In fact, the older a participant was, the more heavily this bias came into play, Protzko says.‎ 原汁文章阅读理解力提升训练 ‎1. What does the title mean?‎ ‎2.判断正误 Teenagers nowadays don't read enough books, spend enough time outdoors, or have enough appreciation.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word mean in the sentence “In some way or another, older generations have been lamenting the youth's decline since the earliest days of civilization.”‎ ‎4. What are the results of John Protzko and his collaborator?‎ ‎5. What does the word “bias” in the last sentence “In fact, the older a participant was, the more heavily this bias came into play”?‎ ‎6. What does John Protzko think of kids these days in terms of reading and behavior?‎ A. Positive B negative C neutral D indifferent 报刊复杂句式品鉴 ‎1. Maybe it's because they don't read enough books, spend enough time outdoors, or have enough appreciation—at least that's what their more senior counterparts say.‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句含有because引导的____________从句。‎ ‎2. They found that adults who tested especially strong in one of the categories tended to see children today as weak in it.‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句含有who引导的定语从修饰先行词：__________。主干为：______________________ ……‎ ‎3. “People who are high in a trait, say respect for elders or authority, are imposing their current high standing in that trait back in time, thinking ‘oh this must have been what all kids were like,’ ” he says.‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句主干为__________________.其中定语从句_______________________修饰people；现在分词短语thinking ‘oh this must have been what all kids were like做______________状语。‎ ‎4. In fact, the older a participant was, the more heavily this bias came into play.‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：根据语法the more +adj/adv….the 比较级;意思为：____________________________‎ 双语赏析 What’s the proof that kids these days are any less well-read or well-behaved than before?‎ 有什么证据表明现在的孩子比以前更不善于阅读或表现？‎ What is it about kids these days that makes older generations so touchy? Maybe it's because they don't read enough books, spend enough time outdoors, or have enough appreciation—at least that's what their more senior counterparts say.‎ 为什么现在的孩子会让老一代人如此敏感？也许是因为孩子们没有读足够的书，没有花足够的时间在户外，或者没有足够的欣赏力，至少他们的资深同事是这么说的。‎ And it's not just today's adults who think that. In some way or another, older generations have been lamenting the youth's decline since the earliest days of civilization. Even Aristotle talked smack about how young folks thought they knew everything back in the 4th century BC.‎ 不仅仅是今天的成年人会这么想。从某种程度上说，老一辈人一直在哀叹年轻人从文明的早期就开始衰落了。甚至亚里士多德也谈到年轻人是如何认为他们早在公元前4世纪就知道一切的。‎ So why all the shade on the next generation? A study out earlier this month in Science Advances shows that negative opinions about kids aren't always based on their actions; it's more about how adults laud their past and current selves.‎ 那为什么我们对年轻一代不满意呢？本月早些时候发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，对孩子的负面看法并不总是建立在他们的行为基础上；更多的是关于成年人如何赞美他们过去和现在的自我。‎ John Protzko, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara and lead author ‎ of the paper, says he was inspired while studying delayed gratification in children. A survey of cognitive development experts found that the majority of experts thought kids hadn't gotten better at controlling themselves around rewards like candy over the past 50 years. Protzko's study, however, proved them wrong.‎ 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的认知科学家、论文的主要作者约翰普罗茨科（John Protzko）说，他在研究儿童延迟满足感时受到启发。一项针对认知发展专家的调查发现，大多数专家认为，在过去50年里，孩子们在控制糖果等奖励方面并没有取得更好的成绩。然而，普罗茨科的研究证明他们错了。‎ This got him thinking … what is it about adults that makes them assume the worst about kids? And how does it lead to grumblings about “kids these days”?‎ 这让他思考……是什么让成年人对孩子做出最坏的假设？又是如何导致人们对“现在的孩子”的抱怨呢？‎ Protzko’s latest research looked at a trio of traits in three groups of U.S. adults: respect for elders or authoritarianism, intelligence, and enjoyment of reading. He and his collaborator then asked the participants whether they thought kids in the modern age shared the same qualities. They found that adults who tested especially strong in one of the categories tended to see children today as weak in it.‎ 普罗茨科的最新研究观察了三组美国成年人的三个特点：尊重长辈或威权主义、智力和阅读乐趣。然后，他和他的合作者询问参与者，他们是否认为现代的孩子具有同样的品质。他们发现，在其中一个类别中测试特别强的成年人往往认为现在的孩子在这方面很弱。‎ For example, if an adult got tagged or self-identified as intelligent, they were more likely to see “kids these days” as less intelligent than they used to be. This, Protzko thinks, is because they remembered their younger selves to be smarter, whether true or not. What’s more, they only reserved their strong opinions for traits they related to.‎ 例如，如果一个成年人被贴上了智能标签或自我识别为智能，他们更可能认为“现在的孩子”比以前更不聪明。普罗茨科认为，这是因为他们记得年轻的自己更聪明，不管是真是假。更重要的是，他们只对与自己相关的特质保留强烈的意见。‎ In another stage of the study, the authors assigned random scores to participants to trick them into thinking how well-read they were. Many of the adults changed their opinions on kid’s reading ‎ ability, past and present, as a result.‎ 在研究的另一个阶段，作者给参与者随机分配分数，诱使他们思考自己的阅读能力。许多成年人因此改变了对孩子阅读能力的看法，不管是过去还是现在。‎ Protzko posits that there are two reasons for the shift: how memories can be fallible and the lack of objective knowledge of what childhood is really like. “People who are high in a trait, say respect for elders or authority, are imposing their current high standing in that trait back in time, thinking ‘oh this must have been what all kids were like,’ ” he says.‎ 普罗茨科认为，这种转变有两个原因：记忆是如何容易出错的，以及对童年的真实情况缺乏客观认识。他说：“那些性格高尚的人，比如对长辈或权威的尊重，会把他们目前的高地位强加给过去，他们会想‘哦，这一定是所有孩子的样子’。”。‎ Over the years, the same memory bias keeps occurring, making it seem like kids are somehow failing more and more. In fact, the older a participant was, the more heavily this bias came into play, Protzko says.‎ 多年来，同样的记忆偏见不断发生，使孩子们似乎越来越失败。Protzko说，事实上，参与者年龄越大，这种偏见就越严重。‎